关于位图数据和标记位-P3
文章目录
1 背景
对于LMT的表空间,dump真正的位图块后(比如3号块开始,2号是位图段头),竟然看到7,F值。
引用作者的话,只看到0和1两个值做代表。
位图块中每一个二进制位对应一个区是否被分配给某个表、索引等对象。如果第一个二进制位0说明表空间中第一个区未分配,如果为1说明已分配;第二个二进制位对应第二个区,以此类推。
那么7,F又代表什么意思。另外,
在Oracle 10g中,3~8号块是位图数据块,共6个位图块,大小是48K字节,每个字节8个二进制位,一共393216个二进制。每个二进制位对应一个区,一共就393216个区。如果是Oracle 11GR2,这个数字又要多出好多倍。
按照这样的计算,每个位图数据块(默认8k算),可以对应8*1024*8=65536个区。但事实上,我在做实验发现只能对应63488个。
关于标记位,Vage描述如下:
Oracle如何在这30多万个二进制为中,确定哪个二进制位对应的区可以分配给表呢?
Oracle用的方法其实很简单,在位图块中,找一个标记位,如果0 ~ 2号区被占用了,标记为的值为3;如果3 ~ 4号区又被占用了,标记为增加为5。假设此时2号区被释放了。标记为变为2。
如果需要分配新的区,从这个标记为处开始查找即可。假设目前标记为值为5,有进程需要4个未分配区,Oracle就从5号区开始向下查找。
1.1 问题
- 实际dump出来的内容中,存在7,B,F这类值,代表什么信息
- 实际位图数据块可以对应的区的个数
- 位图的标记位如何查看
2 问题1探究
实际不考虑删除分区的情况下,很容易发现,每个数字代表4个区,并且每分配一个区,前两个数字的值变化规律如下:
区数量 | 对应值(16进制) | 2进制(对应8个区) |
---|---|---|
0 | 00 | 00000000 |
1 | 01 | 00000001 |
2 | 03 | 00000011 |
3 | 07 | 00000111 |
4 | 0F | 00001111 |
5 | 1F | 00011111 |
6 | 3F | 00111111 |
… | … | … |
其中第3列中,0代表未被使用,1代表被使用。
2.1 没有区的情况
注意:如果使用alter system dump datafile 6 block 3;可能需要alter system flush buffer_cache;才能看到最新的信息。
SYS@zkm1> drop tablespace tbs1 including contents and datafiles;
Tablespace dropped.
SYS@zkm1> create tablespace tbs1 datafile '+arch' size 1g autoextend on uniform size 40k;
Tablespace created.
SYS@zkm1> select value from v$diag_info where name like 'De%';
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/zkm/zkm1/trace/zkm1_ora_8394.trc
SYS@zkm1> exec dbms_space_admin.tablespace_dump_bitmaps('TBS1'); --或者alter system dump datafile 6 block 3;
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
查看zkm1_ora_8394.trc文件,可以发现:
Header Control:
RelFno: 6, Unit: 5, Size: 131072, Flag: 9
AutoExtend: YES, Increment: 12800, MaxSize: 4194302
Initial Area: 6, Tail: 131072, First: 0, Free: 26213
Deallocation scn: 3.0
Header Opcode:
Save: No Pending Op
File Space Bitmap Block:
BitMap Control:
RelFno: 6, BeginBlock: 8, Flag: 0, First: 0, Free: 63488
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
…篇幅省略…
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
2.2 一个区的情况
重新开启一个新的会话。
SYS@zkm1> create table zkm.test as select rownum id from dual where rownum=1;
Table created.
SYS@zkm1> select EXTENT_ID,FILE_ID,BLOCK_ID,BYTES,BLOCKS from dba_extents where owner='ZKM' and SEGMENT_NAME='TEST';
EXTENT_ID FILE_ID BLOCK_ID BYTES BLOCKS
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
0 6 8 40960 5
SYS@zkm1> select value from v$diag_info where name like 'De%';
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/zkm/zkm1/trace/zkm1_ora_11456.trc
SYS@zkm1> exec dbms_space_admin.tablespace_dump_bitmaps('TBS1');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
查看zkm1_ora_11456.trc文件,可以发现:
Header Control:
RelFno: 6, Unit: 5, Size: 131072, Flag: 9
AutoExtend: YES, Increment: 12800, MaxSize: 4194302
Initial Area: 6, Tail: 131072, First: 1, Free: 26212
Deallocation scn: 3.0
Header Opcode:
Save: No Pending Op
File Space Bitmap Block:
BitMap Control:
RelFno: 6, BeginBlock: 8, Flag: 0, First: 1, Free: 63487
0100000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
…篇幅省略…
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
2.3 两个区的情况
重新开启一个新的会话。
SYS@zkm1> alter table zkm.test allocate extent (size 40k);
Table altered.
SYS@zkm1> select EXTENT_ID,FILE_ID,BLOCK_ID,BYTES,BLOCKS from dba_extents where owner='ZKM' and SEGMENT_NAME='TEST';
EXTENT_ID FILE_ID BLOCK_ID BYTES BLOCKS
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
0 6 8 40960 5
1 6 13 40960 5
SYS@zkm1> select value from v$diag_info where name like 'De%';
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/zkm/zkm1/trace/zkm1_ora_12801.trc
SYS@zkm1> exec dbms_space_admin.tablespace_dump_bitmaps('TBS1');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
查看zkm1_ora_12801.trc文件,可以发现:
Header Control:
RelFno: 6, Unit: 5, Size: 131072, Flag: 9
AutoExtend: YES, Increment: 12800, MaxSize: 4194302
Initial Area: 6, Tail: 131072, First: 2, Free: 26211
Deallocation scn: 3.0
Header Opcode:
Save: No Pending Op
File Space Bitmap Block:
BitMap Control:
RelFno: 6, BeginBlock: 8, Flag: 0, First: 2, Free: 63486
0300000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
…篇幅省略…
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
2.4 三个区的情况
重新开启一个新的会话。
SYS@zkm1> alter table zkm.test allocate extent (size 40k);
Table altered.
SYS@zkm1> select EXTENT_ID,FILE_ID,BLOCK_ID,BYTES,BLOCKS from dba_extents where owner='ZKM' and SEGMENT_NAME='TEST';
EXTENT_ID FILE_ID BLOCK_ID BYTES BLOCKS
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
0 6 8 40960 5
1 6 13 40960 5
2 6 18 40960 5
SYS@zkm1> select value from v$diag_info where name like 'De%';
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/zkm/zkm1/trace/zkm1_ora_15908.trc
SYS@zkm1> exec dbms_space_admin.tablespace_dump_bitmaps('TBS1');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
查看zkm1_ora_15908.trc文件,可以发现:
Header Control:
RelFno: 6, Unit: 5, Size: 131072, Flag: 9
AutoExtend: YES, Increment: 12800, MaxSize: 4194302
Initial Area: 6, Tail: 131072, First: 3, Free: 26210
Deallocation scn: 3.0
Header Opcode:
Save: No Pending Op
File Space Bitmap Block:
BitMap Control:
RelFno: 6, BeginBlock: 8, Flag: 0, First: 3, Free: 63485
0700000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
…篇幅省略…
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
2.5 四个区的情况
重新开启一个新的会话。
SYS@zkm1> alter table zkm.test allocate extent (size 40k);
Table altered.
SYS@zkm1> select EXTENT_ID,FILE_ID,BLOCK_ID,BYTES,BLOCKS from dba_extents where owner='ZKM' and SEGMENT_NAME='TEST';
EXTENT_ID FILE_ID BLOCK_ID BYTES BLOCKS
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
0 6 8 40960 5
1 6 13 40960 5
2 6 18 40960 5
3 6 23 40960 5
SYS@zkm1> select value from v$diag_info where name like 'De%';
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/zkm/zkm1/trace/zkm1_ora_15908.trc
SYS@zkm1> exec dbms_space_admin.tablespace_dump_bitmaps('TBS1');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
查看zkm1_ora_15908.trc文件,可以发现:
Header Control:
RelFno: 6, Unit: 5, Size: 131072, Flag: 9
AutoExtend: YES, Increment: 12800, MaxSize: 4194302
Initial Area: 6, Tail: 131072, First: 4, Free: 26209
Deallocation scn: 3.0
Header Opcode:
Save: No Pending Op
File Space Bitmap Block:
BitMap Control:
RelFno: 6, BeginBlock: 8, Flag: 0, First: 4, Free: 63484
0F00000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
…篇幅省略…
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
2.6 五个区的情况
步骤雷同,略。
3 问题2探究
实际位图数据块可以对应的区的个数,以一个数据块为例子。
按照Vage的说法,一个块对应65536个区,因为一个8k的块,共65536bit。
实际上我们以2.1中zkm1_ora_8394.trc文件为例子的话结果只可以对应63488个区。
Header Control:
RelFno: 6, Unit: 5, Size: 131072, Flag: 9
AutoExtend: YES, Increment: 12800, MaxSize: 4194302
Initial Area: 6, Tail: 131072, First: 0, Free: 26213
Deallocation scn: 3.0
Header Opcode:
Save: No Pending Op
File Space Bitmap Block:
BitMap Control:
RelFno: 6, BeginBlock: 8, Flag: 0, First: 0, Free: 63488
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
...省略了246行...
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
加上首尾共248行,每行64个0,总共15872个0。
其中,一个0可以对应4个区,总的对应63488个区,和“Free: 63488”是相符合的。
3.1 模拟63488+1个区
目的:模拟处63488个区,这样第一个位图块(文件6块号3)应该是全F的情况,在拓展多一个区就会用到4号块了。
3.1.1 拓展分区
可以看到,当前已经有6个区了。需要拓展多63482个区,共2539280k大小。
SYS@zkm1> select EXTENT_ID,FILE_ID,BLOCK_ID,BYTES,BLOCKS from dba_extents where owner='ZKM' and SEGMENT_NAME='TEST';
EXTENT_ID FILE_ID BLOCK_ID BYTES BLOCKS
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
0 6 8 40960 5
1 6 13 40960 5
2 6 18 40960 5
3 6 23 40960 5
4 6 28 40960 5
5 6 33 40960 5
6 rows selected.
SYS@zkm1> alter table zkm.test allocate extent (size 2539280k);
Table altered.
SYS@zkm1> select count(*) from dba_extents where owner='ZKM' and SEGMENT_NAME='TEST';
COUNT(*)
----------
63488
3.1.2 dump 3,4号块
SYS@zkm1> alter system flush buffer_cache;
System altered.
SYS@zkm1> select value from v$diag_info where name like 'De%';
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/zkm/zkm1/trace/zkm1_ora_67300.trc
SYS@zkm1> alter system dump datafile 6 block min 3 block max 4;
System altered.
3.1.3 查看zkm1_ora_67300.trc内容
///////////以下是3号块的内容///////////
...省略部分内容...
Block dump from disk:
buffer tsn: 7 rdba: 0x01800003 (6/3)
scn: 0x0000.001b87b5 seq: 0x0e flg: 0x04 tail: 0x87b51e0e
frmt: 0x02 chkval: 0x4188 type: 0x1e=KTFB Bitmapped File Space Bitmap
Hex dump of block: st=0, typ_found=1
...省略部分内容...
File Space Bitmap Block:
BitMap Control:
RelFno: 6, BeginBlock: 8, Flag: 0, First: 63488, Free: 0
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
...省略部分内容...
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
...省略部分内容...
///////////以下是4号块的内容///////////
Block dump from cache:
Dump of buffer cache at level 4 for tsn=7 rdba=25165828
Block dump from disk:
buffer tsn: 7 rdba: 0x01800004 (6/4)
scn: 0x0000.001afbf4 seq: 0x01 flg: 0x04 tail: 0xfbf41e01
frmt: 0x02 chkval: 0x998a type: 0x1e=KTFB Bitmapped File Space Bitmap
Hex dump of block: st=0, typ_found=1
...省略部分内容...
File Space Bitmap Block:
BitMap Control:
RelFno: 6, BeginBlock: 317448, Flag: 0, First: 0, Free: 63488
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
...省略部分内容...
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
...省略部分内容...
End dump data blocks tsn: 7 file#: 6 minblk 3 maxblk 4
可以看到,3号块的Free已经是0了,表示3号块已经满了。从4号块的信息看,还未被使用。
3.1.4 拓展第63489个区
SYS@zkm1> alter table zkm.test allocate extent (size 40k);
Table altered.
SYS@zkm1> select count(*) from dba_extents where owner='ZKM' and SEGMENT_NAME='TEST';
COUNT(*)
----------
63489
SYS@zkm1> alter system flush buffer_cache;
System altered.
SYS@zkm1> select value from v$diag_info where name like 'De%';
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/zkm/zkm1/trace/zkm1_ora_70162.trc
SYS@zkm1> alter system dump datafile 6 block 4;
System altered.
SYS@zkm1> !cat /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/zkm/zkm1/trace/zkm1_ora_70162.trc | more
...省略部分内容...
File Space Bitmap Block:
BitMap Control:
RelFno: 6, BeginBlock: 317448, Flag: 0, First: 1, Free: 63487
0100000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
...省略部分内容...
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
...省略部分内容...
已经符合规律。其实Vage的计算方法在11.2.0.4.0就错了,10g我没做实验去验证。
目前没环境,先当做任务留着吧。
- 10g验证一个位图数据块对应的区个数
4 问题3探究
删除并重新创建表空间,创建8张表,每个表一个区,可以做到随时回收某一个区。
SYS@zkm1> drop tablespace tbs1 including contents and datafiles;
Tablespace dropped.
SYS@zkm1> create tablespace tbs1 datafile '+arch' size 1g autoextend on uniform size 40k;
Tablespace created.
SYS@zkm1> create table zkm.test1 as select rownum id from dual where rownum=1;
Table created.
SYS@zkm1> create table zkm.test2 as select rownum id from dual where rownum=1;
Table created.
SYS@zkm1> create table zkm.test3 as select rownum id from dual where rownum=1;
Table created.
SYS@zkm1> create table zkm.test4 as select rownum id from dual where rownum=1;
Table created.
SYS@zkm1> create table zkm.test5 as select rownum id from dual where rownum=1;
Table created.
SYS@zkm1> create table zkm.test6 as select rownum id from dual where rownum=1;
Table created.
SYS@zkm1> create table zkm.test7 as select rownum id from dual where rownum=1;
Table created.
SYS@zkm1> create table zkm.test8 as select rownum id from dual where rownum=1;
Table created.
SYS@zkm1> set linesize 500
SYS@zkm1> col SEGMENT_NAME for a15
SYS@zkm1> select SEGMENT_NAME,EXTENT_ID,FILE_ID,BLOCK_ID,BYTES,BLOCKS from dba_extents where owner='ZKM' and SEGMENT_NAME like 'TEST%';
SEGMENT_NAME EXTENT_ID FILE_ID BLOCK_ID BYTES BLOCKS
--------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
TEST1 0 6 8 40960 5
TEST2 0 6 13 40960 5
TEST3 0 6 18 40960 5
TEST4 0 6 23 40960 5
TEST5 0 6 28 40960 5
TEST6 0 6 33 40960 5
TEST7 0 6 38 40960 5
TEST8 0 6 43 40960 5
8 rows selected.
因为正好8个区,做dump后有:
区数量 | 对应值(16进制) | 2进制(对应8个区) |
---|---|---|
8 | FF | 11111111 |
删除TEST3表,继续做dump有:
需要注意的是删除表时候要加purge,不然默认表进了回收站是看不到想要的结果的。
区数量 | 对应值(16进制) | 2进制(对应8个区) |
---|---|---|
7 | FB | 11111011 |
确实看到第3个区被标记为0了。
添加test9表,看是否使用了第3个区:
SYS@zkm1> create table zkm.test9 as select rownum id from dual where rownum=1;
Table created.
SYS@zkm1> select SEGMENT_NAME,EXTENT_ID,FILE_ID,BLOCK_ID,BYTES,BLOCKS from dba_extents where owner='ZKM' and SEGMENT_NAME like 'TEST%';
SEGMENT_NAME EXTENT_ID FILE_ID BLOCK_ID BYTES BLOCKS
--------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
TEST1 0 6 8 40960 5
TEST2 0 6 13 40960 5
TEST9 0 6 18 40960 5
TEST4 0 6 23 40960 5
TEST5 0 6 28 40960 5
TEST6 0 6 33 40960 5
TEST7 0 6 38 40960 5
TEST8 0 6 43 40960 5
8 rows selected.
段TEST9的区第一个块的id为18,和之前的TEST3是一样的。看来是重用了。
从dump结果看(省略),确实变为FF了。
- 但是仍然不知道标记位怎么看。