第五篇: 路由网关(zuul)

在微服务架构中,需要几个基础的服务治理组件,包括服务注册与发现、服务消费、负载均衡、断路器、智能路由、配置管理等,由这几个基础组件相互协作,共同组建了一个简单的微服务系统。

在Spring Cloud微服务系统中,一种常见的负载均衡方式是,客户端的请求首先经过负载均衡(zuul、Ngnix),再到达服务网关(zuul集群),然后再到具体的服务。

服务统一注册到高可用的服务注册中心集群,服务的所有的配置文件由配置服务管理(重点),配置服务的配置文件放在git仓库,方便开发人员随时改配置。

一、Zuul简介

Zuul做为网关层,自身也是一个微服务,跟其它服务Service-1,Service-2, ... Service-N一样,都注册在eureka server上,可以相互发现,zuul能感知到哪些服务在线,同时通过配置路由规则(后面会给出示例),可以将请求自动转发到指定的后端微服务上,对于一些公用的预处理(比如:权限认证,token合法性校验,灰度验证时部分流量引导之类),可以放在所谓的过滤器(ZuulFilter)里处理,这样后端服务以后新增了服务,zuul层几乎不用修改。

Zuul的主要功能是路由转发和过滤器。路由功能是微服务的一部分,比如/api/user转发到到user服务,/api/shop转发到到shop服务。zuul默认和Ribbon结合实现了负载均衡的功能。

二、创建eureka-service-zuul工程

打jar包。pom.xml如下:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.sun</groupId>
  <artifactId>eureka-service-zuul</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    
    <name>service-zuul</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.sun</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud-parent</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    
     <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>
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在其入口applicaton类加上注解@EnableZuulProxy,开启zuul的功能,新建ServiceZuulApplication启动类,代码如下:

package com.sun;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZuulProxy
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ServiceZuulApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run( ServiceZuulApplication.class, args );
    }
}
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加上配置文件application.yml加上以下的配置代码:

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
  port: 8769
spring:
  application:
    name: service-zuul
zuul:
  routes:
    api-a:
      path: /api-a/**
      serviceId: service-ribbon
    api-b:
      path: /api-b/**
      serviceId: service-feign
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这里说一下,application.yml是放到src/main/resources文件夹下的。

解释一下:上面这段配置表示,/api-a/**开头的url请求,将转发到service-ribbon这个微服务上,/api-b/**开头的url请求,将转发到service-feign这个微服务上。

首先指定服务注册中心的地址为http://localhost:8761/eureka/,服务的端口为8769,服务名为service-zuul;

以/api-a/ 开头的请求都转发给service-ribbon服务;以/api-b/开头的请求都转发给service-feign服务;

三、启动工程

 依次启动eureka-server,eureka-client,eureka-service-ribbon,eureka-service-feign,eureka-service-zuul五个工程。

打开浏览器访问:http://localhost:8769/api-a/hi?name=sun ;浏览器显示:

hi sun ,i am from port:8763

打开浏览器访问:http://localhost:8769/api-b/hi?name=sun ;浏览器显示:

hi sun ,i am from port:8763

这说明zuul起到了路由的作用.

四、服务过滤

zuul不仅只是路由,并且还能过滤,做一些安全验证。继续改造工程,新建一个类MyFilter继承自ZuulFilter:

package com.sun;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;

@Component
public class MyFilter extends ZuulFilter {
    private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyFilter.class);
    @Override
    public String filterType() {
        return "pre";
    }

    @Override
    public int filterOrder() {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean shouldFilter() {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public Object run() {
        RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
        HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest();
        log.info(String.format("%s >>> %s", request.getMethod(), request.getRequestURL().toString()));
        Object accessToken = request.getParameter("token");
        if(accessToken == null) {
            log.warn("token is empty");
            ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false);
            ctx.setResponseStatusCode(401);
            try {
                ctx.getResponse().getWriter().write("token is empty");
            }catch (Exception e){}

            return null;
        }
        log.info("ok");
        return null;
    }
}
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  • filterType:返回一个字符串代表过滤器的类型,在zuul中定义了四种不同生命周期的过滤器类型,其常量值在org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.support.FilterConstants 中定义具体如下:  
// Zuul Filter TYPE constants -----------------------------------

    /**
     * {@link ZuulFilter#filterType()} error type.
     */
    public static final String ERROR_TYPE = "error";

    /**
     * {@link ZuulFilter#filterType()} post type.
     */
    public static final String POST_TYPE = "post";

    /**
     * {@link ZuulFilter#filterType()} pre type.
     */
    public static final String PRE_TYPE = "pre";

    /**
     * {@link ZuulFilter#filterType()} route type.
     */
    public static final String ROUTE_TYPE = "route";

 

 

这时访问:http://localhost:8769/api-a/hi?name=sun ;网页显示:

  token is empty

访问 http://localhost:8769/api-a/hi?name=sun&token=22 ; 网页显示:

  hi sun ,i am from port:8763

按说到这里已经结束了。不过有一点思考:zuul路由了ribbon和feign,前面我们说了,ribbon和feign是有熔断机制的,那现在,如果ribbon或feign或eureka-client挂了,zuul该如何熔断?

在这里我们可以看到,当关掉这几个客户端服务后,会出现:

提示没有熔断的fallback,这样说就是zuul路由到服务消费者ribbon/feign,消费者访问eureka-server,通过server找生产者eureka-client,发现生产者over了。

消费者ribbon/feign熔断,但是zuul不认,需要显式的对zuul进行熔断处理:

五、zuul熔断

新建ServiceHiFallbackProvider类,扩展自FallbackProvider接口:

package com.sun;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.FallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class ServiceHiFallbackProvider implements FallbackProvider {
     private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FallbackProvider.class);
        
    //指定要处理的 service。
    @Override
    public String getRoute() {
        return "service-ribbon";
    }
    
    @Override
    public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse(String route, Throwable cause) {
        if (cause != null && cause.getCause() != null) {
            String reason = cause.getCause().getMessage();
            logger.info("Excption {}",reason);
        }
        return fallbackResponse();
    }

    public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse() {
        return new ClientHttpResponse() {
            @Override
            public HttpStatus getStatusCode() throws IOException {
                return HttpStatus.OK;
            }

            @Override
            public int getRawStatusCode() throws IOException {
                return 200;
            }

            @Override
            public String getStatusText() throws IOException {
                return "OK";
            }

            @Override
            public void close() {

            }

            @Override
            public InputStream getBody() throws IOException {
                return new ByteArrayInputStream("The service is unavailable.".getBytes());
            }

            @Override
            public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
                HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
                headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
                return headers;
            }
        };
    }
}
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当ribbon/feign或者服务生产者client挂了,都会返回:

  The service is unavailable.

 

posted on 2018-07-31 12:00  PPBoy  阅读(459)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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