SQL Server的外键必须引用的是主键或者唯一键（转载）

问：

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In SQL Server , I got this error ->

"There are no primary or candidate keys in the referenced table 'BookTitle' that match the referencing column list in the foreign key 'FK_BookCopy_Title__2F10007B'."

I first created a relation called the BookTitle relation.

CREATE TABLE BookTitle (
ISBN            CHAR(17)       NOT NULL,
Title           VARCHAR(100)   NOT NULL,
Author_Name     VARCHAR(30)    NOT NULL,
Publisher       VARCHAR(30)    NOT NULL,
Genre           VARCHAR(20)    NOT NULL,
Language        CHAR(3)        NOT NULL,    
PRIMARY KEY (ISBN, Title))

Then I created a relation called the BookCopy relation. This relation needs to reference to the BookTitle relation's primary key, Title.

CREATE TABLE BookCopy (
CopyNumber         CHAR(10)            NOT NULL,
Title              VARCHAR(100)        NOT NULL,
Date_Purchased     DATE                NOT NULL,
Amount             DECIMAL(5, 2)       NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (CopyNumber),
FOREIGN KEY (Title) REFERENCES BookTitle(Title))

But I can't create the BookCopy relation because the error stated above appeared.
I really appreciate some useful help.

 

 

答：

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Foreign keys work by joining a column to a unique key in another table, and that unique key must be defined as some form of unique index, be it the primary key, or some other unique index.
At the moment, the only unique index you have is a compound one on ISBN, Title which is your primary key.
There are a number of options open to you, depending on exactly what BookTitle holds and the relationship of the data within it.
I would hazard a guess that the ISBN is unique for each row in BookTitle. ON the assumption this is the case, then change your primary key to be only on ISBN, and change BookCopy so that instead of Title you have ISBN and join on that.
If you need to keep your primary key as ISBN, Title then you either need to store the ISBN in BookCopy as well as the Title, and foreign key on both columns, OR you need to create a unique index on BookTitle(Title) as a distinct index.
More generally, you need to make sure that the column or columns you have in your REFERENCES clause match exactly a unique index in the parent table: in your case it fails because you do not have a single unique index on Title alone.

所以，SQL Server中，从表的外键必须引用的是主表的主键或者唯一键、唯一索引，否则会报错。

 

 

补充：外键的列顺序要和主键/唯一键的列顺序一致

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Another thing is - if your keys are very complicated sometimes you need to replace the places of the fields and it helps :
if this dosent work:
foreign key (ISBN, Title) references BookTitle (ISBN, Title)
Then this might work (not for this specific example but in general) :
foreign key (Title,ISBN) references BookTitle (Title,ISBN)

所以如果数据库中从表的外键包含多个列，那么这多列在外键中的顺序，要和主表中引用的主键/唯一键的列顺序一致:

例如，如果从表BookCopy的外键列顺序如下：

BookCopy(ISBN, Title)

 

那么主表BookTitle的主键/唯一键要声明为同样的列顺序：

BookTitle(ISBN, Title)

而不能声明为：

BookTitle(Title, ISBN)

 

 

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