20171028机器学习之线性回归过拟合问题的解决方案
在函数中加入一个正则项:
三种方式:
一、Ridge回归(岭回归):
优点:具有较高的准确性、鲁棒性以及稳定性
缺点:求解速度慢
二、Lasso回归:
优点:求解速度快(原理降维计算,把数据维度中存在的噪音和冗余去除)
缺点:相比Ridge回归没有较高的准确性、鲁棒性以及稳定性
三、弹性网络:
特点:综合了以上两种回归算法的特性。计算效率以及鲁棒性兼备。
几种回归解决拟合问题的综合比较:
GIthub:代码
https://github.com/chenjunhaolefa/AI/blob/master/MachineLearning/LinearRegression03.py
# coding=utf-8 ''' 下面的代码是用一个小例子解决线性回归过拟合问题 ''' import numpy as np import matplotlib as mpl import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import pandas as pd import warnings import sklearn from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression, LassoCV, RidgeCV, ElasticNetCV from sklearn.preprocessing import PolynomialFeatures from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline from sklearn.linear_model.coordinate_descent import ConvergenceWarning #解决画图产生的中文乱码问题 mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=[u'simHei'] mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=False #生成一段数据来测试一下拟合问题 np.random.seed(100) np.set_printoptions(linewidth=1000, suppress=True) N = 10 x = np.linspace(0, 6, N) + np.random.randn(N) y = 1.8*x**3 + x**2 - 14*x - 7 + np.random.randn(N) x.shape = -1, 1 y.shape = -1, 1 #模型 models = [ Pipeline([ ('Poly', PolynomialFeatures()), ('Linear', LinearRegression(fit_intercept=False)) ]), Pipeline([ ('Poly', PolynomialFeatures()), ('Linear', RidgeCV(alphas=np.logspace(-3,2,50), fit_intercept=False)) ]), Pipeline([ ('Poly', PolynomialFeatures()), ('Linear', LassoCV(alphas=np.logspace(-3,2,50), fit_intercept=False)) ]), Pipeline([ ('Poly', PolynomialFeatures()), ('Linear', ElasticNetCV(alphas=np.logspace(-3,2,50), l1_ratio=[.1, .5, .7, .9, .95, 1], fit_intercept=False)) ]) ] plt.figure(facecolor='W') degree = np.arange (1, N, 2) # 定义函数的阶数 X^2代表2阶函数 N表示N阶 dm = degree.size colors = [] # 颜色 for c in np.linspace (16711680, 255, dm): colors.append ('#%06x' % c) titles = [u'线性回归', u'Ridge回归', u'Lasso回归', u'ElasticNet'] for t in range(4): model = models[t] plt.subplot(2, 2, t + 1) plt.plot(x, y, 'ro', ms=5, zorder=N) for i, d in enumerate(degree): model.set_params(Poly__degree=d) model.fit(x, y.ravel()) lin = model.get_params('Linear')['Linear'] output = u'%s:%d阶,系数为:' % (titles[t], d) print output, lin.coef_.ravel() x_hat = np.linspace(x.min(), x.max(), num=100) x_hat.shape = -1, 1 y_hat = model.predict(x_hat) s = model.score(x, y) z = N - 1 if (d == 2) else 0 label = u'%d阶, 正确率=%.3f' % (d, s) plt.plot(x_hat, y_hat, color=colors[i], lw=2, alpha=0.75, label=label, zorder=z) plt.legend(loc='upper left') plt.grid(True) plt.title(titles[t]) plt.xlabel('X', fontsize=16) plt.ylabel('Y', fontsize=16) plt.tight_layout(1, rect=(0, 0, 1, 0.95)) plt.suptitle(u'各种不同线性回归过拟合显示', fontsize=22) plt.show()