Django-ModelForm
作者：武沛齐
出处：Django之ModelForm组件
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ModelForm a. class Meta: model, # 对应Model的 fields=None, # 字段 exclude=None, # 排除字段 labels=None, # 提示信息 help_texts=None, # 帮助提示信息 widgets=None, # 自定义插件 error_messages=None, # 自定义错误信息（整体错误信息from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS） field_classes=None # 自定义字段类 （也可以自定义字段） localized_fields=('birth_date',) # 本地化，如：根据不同时区显示数据 如： 数据库中 2016-12-27 04:10:57 setting中的配置 TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai' USE_TZ = True 则显示： 2016-12-27 12:10:57 b. 验证执行过程 is_valid -> full_clean -> 钩子 -> 整体错误 c. 字典字段验证 def clean_字段名(self): # 可以抛出异常 # from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError return "新值" d. 用于验证 model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm() model_form_obj.is_valid() model_form_obj.errors.as_json() model_form_obj.clean() model_form_obj.cleaned_data e. 用于创建 model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(request.POST) #### 页面显示，并提交 ##### # 默认保存多对多 obj = form.save(commit=True) # 不做任何操作，内部定义 save_m2m（用于保存多对多） obj = form.save(commit=False) obj.save() # 保存单表信息 obj.save_m2m() # 保存关联多对多信息 f. 用于更新和初始化 obj = model.tb.objects.get(id=1) model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(request.POST,instance=obj) ... PS: 单纯初始化 model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(initial={...})
一个实例：
1. models.py
1 from django.db import models 2 3 # Create your models here. 4 5 6 class UserInfo(models.Model): 7 name = models.CharField(max_length=32) 8 email = models.EmailField() 9 nickName = models.CharField(max_length=32) 10 group = models.ForeignKey('UserGroup', null=True, blank=True) 11 role = models.ManyToManyField('Role', null=True, blank=True) 12 13 def __str__(self): 14 return self.name 15 16 17 class UserGroup(models.Model): 18 name = models.CharField(max_length=32) 19 info = models.TextField() 20 21 def __str__(self): 22 return self.name 23 24 25 class Role(models.Model): 26 name = models.CharField(max_length=32) 27 info = models.TextField() 28 29 def __str__(self): 30 return self.name
2. views.py
1 from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse 2 from django.forms import ModelForm 3 from django.forms import fields as dfields 4 from django.forms import widgets as dwidgets 5 from app01 import models 6 7 8 class TestModelForm(ModelForm): 9 class Meta: 10 model = models.UserInfo 11 fields = '__all__' 12 error_messages = { 13 'name': { 14 'required': '用户名不能为空', 15 }, 16 'email': { 17 'required': '邮箱不能为空', 18 'invalid': '邮箱格式不正确', 19 }, 20 'nickName': { 21 'required': '昵称不能为空', 22 } 23 } 24 labels = { 25 'name': '用户名', 26 'email': '邮箱', 27 'nickName': '昵称', 28 'group': '部门', 29 'role': '角色', 30 } 31 widgets = { 32 'name': dwidgets.Input(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}), 33 'email': dwidgets.Input(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}), 34 'nickName': dwidgets.Input(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}), 35 'group': dwidgets.Select(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}), 36 'role': dwidgets.SelectMultiple(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}), 37 } 38 39 # Create your views here. 40 41 42 def test(request): 43 content = {'form': None} 44 if request.method == 'GET': 45 form = TestModelForm() 46 content['form'] = form 47 return render(request, 'test.html', content) 48 else: 49 form = TestModelForm(request.POST) 50 content['form'] = form 51 if form.is_valid(): 52 print(form.cleaned_data) 53 form.save() 54 return HttpResponse('add success!') 55 else: 56 return render(request, 'test.html', content) 57 58 59 def edit(request, nid): 60 obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first() 61 content = {'form': None} 62 if request.method == 'GET': 63 form = TestModelForm(instance=obj) 64 content['form'] = form 65 return render(request, 'edit.html', content) 66 else: 67 form = TestModelForm(instance=obj, data=request.POST, files=request.FILES) 68 if form.is_valid(): 69 form.save() 70 return HttpResponse('edit success!') 71 content['form'] = form 72 return render(request, 'test.html', content)
3. templates
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css"> 6 <title>Title</title> 7 </head> 8 <body> 9 <form method="post" novalidate> 10 {% csrf_token %} 11 <div class="form-group" style="width: 300px; margin: 50px auto;"> 12 {{ form.as_p }} 13 <input type="submit" value="提交"> 14 </div> 15 </form> 16 17 <script src="/static/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script> 18 </body> 19 </html>
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css"> 6 <title>Title</title> 7 </head> 8 <body> 9 <form method="post" novalidate> 10 {% csrf_token %} 11 <div class="form-group" style="width: 300px; margin: 50px auto;"> 12 {{ form.as_p }} 13 <input type="submit" value="提交"> 14 </div> 15 </form> 16 17 <script src="/static/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script> 18 </body> 19 </html>
