Django—Form两种解决表单数据无法动态刷新的方法

一、无法动态更新数据的实例

1. 如下,数据库中创建了班级表和教师表,两张表的对应关系为“多对多”

 1 from django.db import models
 2 
 3 
 4 class Classes(models.Model):
 5     title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
 6 
 7 
 8 class Teacher(models.Model):
 9     name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
10     t2c = models.ManyToManyField(Classes)
models.py

2. views的功能有查看、添加、编辑班级或教师表

 1 from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
 2 from school import models
 3 from django.forms import Form, fields, widgets
 4 
 5 
 6 #班级表单验证规则
 7 class ClsForm(Form):
 8     title = fields.RegexField('老男孩', error_messages={'invalid': '请以 老男孩 开头'})
 9 
10 
11 #教师表单验证规则
12 class TchForm(Form):
13     name = fields.CharField(max_length=16, min_length=2, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
14     t2c = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
15         choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list('id', 'title'),
16         widget=widgets.SelectMultiple(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})
17     )
18 
19 
20 #查看班级列表
21 def classes(request):
22     cls_list = models.Classes.objects.all()
23     return render(request, 'classes.html', {'cls_list': cls_list})
24 
25 
26 #查看教师列表
27 def teachers(request):
28     tch_list = models.Teacher.objects.all()
29     return render(request, 'teachers.html', {'tch_list': tch_list})
30 
31 
32 #添加班级
33 def add_cls(request):
34     if request.method == 'GET':
35         obj = ClsForm()
36         return render(request, 'add_classes.html', {'obj': obj})
37     else:
38         obj = ClsForm(request.POST)
39         if obj.is_valid():
40             models.Classes.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data)
41             return redirect('/school/classes/')
42         return render(request, 'add_classes.html', {'obj': obj})
43 
44 
45 #添加教师
46 def add_tch(request):
47     if request.method == 'GET':
48         obj = TchForm()
49         return render(request, 'add_teacher.html', {'obj': obj})
50     else:
51         obj = TchForm(request.POST)
52         if obj.is_valid():
53             tc = obj.cleaned_data.pop('t2c')    # 获取教师任课班级id
54             tch_obj = models.Teacher.objects.create(name=obj.cleaned_data['name'])  # 添加新教师姓名
55             tch_obj.t2c.add(*tc)    # 添加新教师任课班级
56             return redirect('/school/teachers/')
57         return render(request, 'add_teacher.html', {'obj': obj})
58 
59 
60 #编辑班级
61 def edit_cls(request, nid):
62     if request.method == 'GET':
63         cls = models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
64         obj = ClsForm(initial={'title': cls.title})
65         return render(request, 'edit_classes.html', {'nid': nid, 'obj': obj})
66     else:
67         obj = ClsForm(request.POST)
68         if obj.is_valid():
69             models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**obj.cleaned_data)
70             return redirect('/school/classes/')
71         return render(request, 'edit_classes.html', {'nid': nid, 'obj': obj})
72 
73 
74 #编辑教师
75 def edit_tch(request, nid):
76     if request.method == 'GET':
77         tch = models.Teacher.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
78         v = tch.t2c.values_list('id')   # 获取该教师任课班级的id
79         cls_ids = list(zip(*v))[0] if list(zip(*v)) else []     # 格式化为列表类型
80         obj = TchForm(initial={'name': tch.name, 't2c': cls_ids})
81         return render(request, 'edit_teacher.html', {'nid': nid, 'obj': obj})
82     else:
83         obj = TchForm(request.POST)
84         if obj.is_valid():
85             tc = obj.cleaned_data.pop('t2c')    # 获取修改后的任课班级id
86             # models.Teacher.objects.filter(id=nid).update(name=obj.cleaned_data['name'])     # 更新教师姓名方法1
87             tch_obj = models.Teacher.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
88             tch_obj.name = obj.cleaned_data['name']     # 更新教师姓名方法2
89             tch_obj.save()
90             tch_obj.t2c.set(tc)
91             return redirect('/school/teachers/')
92         return render(request, 'edit_teacher.html', {'nid': nid, 'obj': obj})
views.py

3. html文件

classe:

 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>班级列表</title>
 6     <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css">
 7 </head>
 8 <body>
 9 <div style="width: 700px; margin: 30px auto">
10     <a class="btn btn-default" href="/school/add_cls/" style="margin-bottom: 10px">添加班级</a>
11         <table class="table table-hover" border="1" cellspacing="0">
12             <thead>
13             <tr>
14                 <th>ID</th>
15                 <th>班级</th>
16                 <th>操作</th>
17             </tr>
18             </thead>
19             <tbody>
20                 {% for item in cls_list %}
21                     <tr>
22                         <td>{{ item.id }}</td>
23                         <td>{{ item.title }}</td>
24                         <td><a href="/school/edit_cls/{{ item.id }}">编辑</a></td>
25                     </tr>
26                 {% endfor %}
27             </tbody>
28         </table>
29 </div>
30 </body>
31 </html>
classes.html
 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>添加班级</title>
 6 </head>
 7 <body>
 8 <h1>添加班级</h1>
 9 <form action="/school/add_cls/" method="post">
10     {% csrf_token %}
11     <p>
12         {{ obj.title }} {{ obj.errors.title.0 }}
13     </p>
14     <input type="submit" value="提交">
15 </form>
16 </body>
17 </html>
add_classes.html
 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>编辑班级</title>
 6 </head>
 7 <body>
 8 <h1>编辑班级</h1>
 9 <form action="/school/edit_cls/{{ nid }}" method="post">
10     {% csrf_token %}
11     <p>
12         {{ obj.title }} {{ obj.errors.title.0 }}
13     </p>
14     <input type="submit" value="提交">
15 </form>
16 </body>
17 </html>
edit_classes.html

 teachers:

 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>教师列表</title>
 6     <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css">
 7 </head>
 8 <body>
 9 <div style="width: 700px; margin: 30px auto">
10     <a class="btn btn-default" href="/school/add_tch/" style="margin-bottom: 10px">添加教师</a>
11         <table class="table table-hover" border="1" cellspacing="0">
12             <thead>
13             <tr>
14                 <th>ID</th>
15                 <th>姓名</th>
16                 <th>任教班级</th>
17                 <th>操作</th>
18             </tr>
19             </thead>
20             <tbody>
21                 {% for item in tch_list %}
22                     <tr>
23                         <td>{{ item.id }}</td>
24                         <td>{{ item.name }}</td>
25                         <td>
26                             {% for row in item.t2c.all %}
27                                 <span style="border: solid gray 1px">{{ row.title }}</span>
28                             {% endfor %}
29                         </td>
30                         <td><a href="/school/edit_tch/{{ item.id }}">编辑</a></td>
31                     </tr>
32                 {% endfor %}
33             </tbody>
34         </table>
35 </div>
36 </body>
37 </html>
teachers.html
 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>添加教师</title>
 6     <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css">
 7 </head>
 8 <body>
 9 <div style="width: 500px; margin: 20px auto">
10 <h3 style="width: 100px; margin: 10px auto">添加教师</h3>
11     <form class="form-horizontal" action="/school/add_tch/" method="post">
12         {% csrf_token %}
13   <div class="form-group">
14     <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">姓名</label>
15     <div class="col-sm-10">
16       {{ obj.name }} {{ obj.errors.name.0 }}
17     </div>
18   </div>
19   <div class="form-group">
20     <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">班级</label>
21     <div class="col-sm-10">
22             {{ obj.t2c }} {{ obj.errors.t2c.0 }}
23     </div>
24   </div>
25   <div class="form-group">
26     <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
27       <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default" value="提交"></input>
28     </div>
29   </div>
30 </form>
31 </div>
32 </body>
33 </html>
add_teacher.html
 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>编辑教师</title>
 6     <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css">
 7 </head>
 8 <body>
 9 <div style="width: 500px; margin: 20px auto">
10 <h3 style="width: 100px; margin: 10px auto">编辑教师</h3>
11     <form class="form-horizontal" action="/school/edit_tch/{{ nid }}" method="post">
12         {% csrf_token %}
13   <div class="form-group">
14     <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">姓名</label>
15     <div class="col-sm-10">
16       {{ obj.name }} {{ obj.errors.name.0 }}
17     </div>
18   </div>
19 
20   <div class="form-group">
21     <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">班级</label>
22     <div class="col-sm-10">
23             {{ obj.t2c }} {{ obj.errors.t2c.0 }}
24     </div>
25   </div>
26   <div class="form-group">
27     <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
28       <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default" value="提交"></input>
29     </div>
30   </div>
31 </form>
32 </div>
33 </body>
34 </html>
edit_teacher.html

4. 数据不能同步

在班级表中新增一条记录

在教师表中新添加一名教师,发现无法获取上一步新增记录

5. 原因分析

在添加教师时,请求方式为GET,html标签由Form组件自动生成,其中的数据也是由Form组件提供

而TchForm作为一个类,在project运行起来后,其中的name和t2c字段都是类的变量,其只执行一次,就将数据保存在内存中,无论之后生成多少个TchForm对象,其中的字段的值都不变。

所以会出现教师表中的班级多选列表无法动态更新。

二、解决上述bug的方法

每次更新数据库后重启project,让Form类重新初始化,能够让数据更新,但这显然是不切实际的。

知道了bug的根源,我们可以尝试让每次生成TchForm对象时就更新数据:

方法一

1. 利用 __init__将数据库操作放入对象变量中

 1 #教师表单验证规则
 2 class TchForm(Form):
 3     name = fields.CharField(max_length=16, min_length=2, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 4     t2c = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
 5         # choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list('id', 'title'),
 6         widget=widgets.SelectMultiple(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})
 7     )
 8 
 9     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):    # 自定义__init__
10         super(TchForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)  # 调用父类的__init__
11         self.fields['t2c'].choices = models.Classes.objects.values_list('id', 'title')   # 为字段t2c的choices赋值
修改TchForm类

2. 验证

 在班级表中新增一条记录

 再在教师表中添加

方法二

1. 利用django.forms.models模块中的queryset连接数据库

 1 #教师表单验证规则
 2 from django.forms import models as form_models  # 导入django.forms.models
 3 class TchForm(Form):
 4     name = fields.CharField(max_length=16, min_length=2, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 5     #重新定义字段
 6     t2c = form_models.ModelMultipleChoiceField(
 7         # choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list('id', 'title'),
 8         queryset=models.Classes.objects.all(),  # 利用queryset连接数据库,只能连接object类型
 9         widget=widgets.SelectMultiple(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})
10     )
修改TchForm类

2. 验证

由于TchForm类中,queryset只能连接object类型,所以,需要设置models.py中的Classes类的返回值。

1 class Classes(models.Model):
2     title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
3 
4     def __str__(self):
5         return self.title
设置models.py中的Classes类的返回值

在班级表中新增一条记录

再在教师表中添加

 

posted @ 2017-07-05 16:28  jack-boy  阅读(1402)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报
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