实验二

1. 实验任务1
 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include <string>
 4 
 5 // 类T: 声明
 6 class T {
 7 // 对象属性、方法
 8 public:
 9     T(int x = 0, int y = 0);   // 普通构造函数
10     T(const T &t);  // 复制构造函数
11     T(T &&t);       // 移动构造函数
12     ~T();           // 析构函数
13 
14     void adjust(int ratio);      // 按系数成倍调整数据
15     void display() const;           // 以(m1, m2)形式显示T类对象信息
16 
17 private:
18     int m1, m2;
19 
20 // 类属性、方法
21 public:
22     static int get_cnt();          // 显示当前T类对象总数
23 
24 public:
25     static const std::string doc;       // 类T的描述信息
26     static const int max_cnt;           // 类T对象上限
27 
28 private:
29     static int cnt;         // 当前T类对象数目
30 
31 // 类T友元函数声明
32     friend void func();
33 };
34 
35 // 普通函数声明
36 void func();
 1 // 类T: 实现
 2 // 普通函数实现
 3 
 4 #include "t.h"
 5 #include <iostream>
 6 #include <string>
 7 
 8 using std::cout;
 9 using std::endl;
10 using std::string;
11 
12 // static成员数据类外初始化
13 const std::string T::doc{"a simple class sample"};
14 const int T::max_cnt = 999;
15 int T::cnt = 0;
16 
17 
18 // 对象方法
19 T::T(int x, int y): m1{x}, m2{y} { 
20     ++cnt; 
21     cout << "T constructor called.\n";
22 } 
23 
24 T::T(const T &t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
25     ++cnt;
26     cout << "T copy constructor called.\n";
27 }
28 
29 T::T(T &&t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
30     ++cnt;
31     cout << "T move constructor called.\n";
32 }    
33 
34 T::~T() {
35     --cnt;
36     cout << "T destructor called.\n";
37 }           
38 
39 void T::adjust(int ratio) {
40     m1 *= ratio;
41     m2 *= ratio;
42 }    
43 
44 void T::display() const {
45     cout << "(" << m1 << ", " << m2 << ")" ;
46 }     
47 
48 // 类方法
49 int T::get_cnt() {
50    return cnt;
51 }
52 
53 // 友元
54 void func() {
55     T t5(42);
56     t5.m2 = 2049;
57     cout << "t5 = "; t5.display(); cout << endl;
58 }

 

问题1：
不能去掉line36

 

 

 

分析原因：line32只是表明func与这个类的关系，没有起到声明函数的作用

问题2：

1. 普通构造函数
功能:
初始化对象的基本属性。
可以提供默认参数值。
调用时机:
当使用new创建对象时。
当在栈上定义对象时。
当创建对象的临时副本时。

2. 复制构造函数
功能:
创建一个对象的副本。
适用于需要深拷贝的情况。
调用时机:
当传递对象作为参数时。
当返回对象时。
当对象被复制初始化时。

3. 移动构造函数
功能:
允许将资源的所有权从一个对象转移到另一个对象，而不进行深拷贝。
通常用于优化性能，尤其是涉及动态内存分配时。
调用时机:
当对象被移动。
当临时对象被初始化到另一个对象时。


4.析构函数

功能:
清理对象的资源，释放动态分配的内存。
在对象生命周期结束时被调用。
调用时机:
当对象超出作用域。
当使用delete释放动态分配的对象。
当一个对象的生命周期结束。

问题3：

调整后无法正常编译运行

2.实验任务2

Complex.h

 1 #ifndef COMPLEX_H
 2 #define COMPLEX_H
 3 
 4 #include <iostream>
 5 
 6 class Complex {
 7 private:
 8     double real; 
 9     double imag; 
10 
11 public:
12   
13     Complex(double r = 0.0, double i = 0.0);
14     Complex(const Complex &other);
15     
16     double get_real() const;
17     double get_imag() const;
18 
19    
20     void add(const Complex &other) ;
21 
22     friend bool is_equal(const Complex &other1 , const Complex &other2);
23     friend bool is_not_equal(const Complex &other1 , const Complex &other2);
24     
25     friend Complex add(const Complex &other1 , const Complex &other2);
26     friend void output(const Complex &other);
27     friend double abs(const Complex &other);
28     
29     static char doc[40];
30 };
31 
32 bool is_equal(const Complex &other1 , const Complex &other2);
33 bool is_not_equal(const Complex &other1 , const Complex &other2);
34     
35 Complex add(const Complex &other1 , const Complex &other2);
36 void output(const Complex &other);
37 double abs(const Complex &other);
38 
39 #endif

Complex.cpp

 1 #include "Complex.h"
 2 #include <cmath>
 3 
 4 Complex::Complex(double r, double i) : real(r), imag(i) {}
 5 
 6 double Complex::get_real() const {
 7     return real;
 8 }
 9 
10 double Complex::get_imag() const {
11     return imag;
12 }
13 
14 Complex::Complex(const Complex &other){
15     real = other.get_real();
16     imag = other.get_imag();
17 }
18 
19 void Complex::add(const Complex& other){
20    real += other.real;
21    imag += other.imag;
22    
23    return ;
24 }
25 
26 double abs(const Complex& other){
27     
28     double sum;
29     sum = other.imag * other.imag + other.real * other.real;
30     double ave = sqrt(sum);
31     return ave;
32 }
33 
34 bool is_equal(const Complex& other1 , const Complex& other2){
35     if(other1.get_imag() == other2.get_imag() && other1.get_real() == other2.get_real()){
36         return true;
37     }
38     
39     else
40         return false;
41 }
42 
43 bool is_not_equal(const Complex& other1 , const Complex& other2){
44     if(other1.get_imag() == other2.get_imag() && other1.get_real() == other2.get_real()){
45         return false;
46     }
47     
48     else
49         return true;
50 }
51 
52 Complex add(const Complex& other1 , const Complex& other2){
53     return Complex(other1.get_real() + other2.get_real() , other1.get_imag() + other2.get_imag());
54 }
55 
56 void output(const Complex& other){
57     std::cout << other.get_real();
58     double imagy;
59     if(other.get_imag() < 0){
60         std::cout << " - ";
61         imagy = (-1.0) * other.get_imag();
62     }
63     else{
64         std::cout << " + ";
65         imagy = other.get_imag();
66     }
67     std::cout << imagy << 'i';
68     
69     
70     return;
71 }
72 
73 char Complex::doc[40] = {"a simplified Complex class"};

task2.cpp

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include "Complex.h" 
 3 
 4 using std::cout;
 5 using std::endl;
 6 using std::boolalpha;
 7 
 8 void test() {
 9     cout << "类成员测试: " << endl;
10     cout << Complex::doc << endl;
11 
12     cout << endl;
13 
14     cout << "Complex对象测试: " << endl;
15     Complex c1;
16     Complex c2(3, -4);
17     const Complex c3(3.5);
18     Complex c4(c3);
19 
20     cout << "c1 = "; output(c1); cout << endl;
21     cout << "c2 = "; output(c2); cout << endl;
22     cout << "c3 = "; output(c3); cout << endl;
23     cout << "c4 = "; output(c4); cout << endl;
24     cout << "c4.real = " << c4.get_real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.get_imag() << endl;
25 
26     cout << endl;
27 
28     cout << "复数运算测试: " << endl;
29     cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl;
30     c1.add(c2);
31     cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = "; output(c1); cout << endl;
32     cout << boolalpha;
33     cout << "c1 == c2 : " << is_equal(c1, c2) << endl;
34     cout << "c1 != c3 : " << is_not_equal(c1, c3) << endl;
35     c4 = add(c2, c3);
36     cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = "; output(c4); cout << endl;
37 }
38 
39 int main() {
40     test();
41 }

3.实验任务3
 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <complex>
 3 
 4 using std::cout;
 5 using std::endl;
 6 using std::boolalpha;
 7 using std::complex;
 8 
 9 void test() {
10     cout << "标准库模板类comple测试: " << endl;
11     complex<double> c1;
12     complex<double> c2(3, -4);
13     const complex<double> c3(3.5);
14     complex<double> c4(c3);
15 
16     cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
17     cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
18     cout << "c3 = " << c3 << endl;
19     cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl;
20     cout << "c4.real = " << c4.real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.imag() << endl;
21     cout << endl;
22 
23     cout << "复数运算测试: " << endl;
24     cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl;
25     c1 += c2;
26     cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = " << c1 << endl;
27     cout << boolalpha;
28     cout << "c1 == c2 : " << (c1 == c2) << endl;
29     cout << "c1 != c3 : " << (c1 != c3) << endl;
30     c4 = c2 + c3;
31     cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = " << c4 << endl;
32 }
33 
34 int main() {
35     test();
36 }

4.实验任务4
Fraction.h
 1 #ifndef FRACTION_H
 2 #define FRACTION_H
 3 
 4 #include <iostream>
 5 #include <numeric> 
 6 #include <stdexcept>
 7 #include <string>
 8 
 9 using std::string;
10 
11 class Fraction {
12 private:
13     int up; 
14     int down; 
15 
16     void reduce(); 
17 
18 public:
19     static string doc; 
20 
21     Fraction(int num = 0, int denom = 1); 
22     Fraction(const Fraction &f); 
23 
24     Fraction negative() const; 
25     int get_up() const; 
26     int get_down() const; 
27 
28     friend Fraction add(const Fraction &f1, const Fraction &f2);
29     friend Fraction sub(const Fraction &f1, const Fraction &f2);
30     friend Fraction mul(const Fraction &f1, const Fraction &f2);
31     friend Fraction div(const Fraction &f1, const Fraction &f2);
32     friend void output(const Fraction &f); 
33 };
34 
35 #endif
Fraction.cpp
  1 #include "Fraction.h"
  2 #include <cstdlib>
  3 
  4 string Fraction::doc {"Fraction类 v 0.01版.\n目前仅支持分数对象的构造、输出、加/减/乘/除运算."};
  5 
  6 Fraction::Fraction(int num, int denom) : up(num), down(denom) {
  7     if (denom == 0) {
  8         std::cout << "分母不能为零" << std::endl;
  9         exit(0);
 10     }
 11     reduce();
 12 }
 13 
 14 Fraction::Fraction(const Fraction &f) : up(f.up), down(f.down) {}
 15 
 16 
 17 int gcd(int a, int b) {
 18     
 19     while (b != 0) {
 20         int temp = b;
 21         b = a % b;
 22         a = temp;
 23     }
 24     return a ; 
 25 }
 26 
 27 int abs(int a){
 28     if(a < 0){
 29         return -a;
 30     }
 31     else{
 32         return a;
 33     }
 34 }
 35 
 36 void Fraction::reduce() {
 37     
 38     int a = up;
 39     int b = down;
 40 
 41     int oka = 1;
 42     int okb = 1;
 43 
 44     if(a < 0){
 45         a *= -1;
 46         oka = 0;
 47     }
 48     if(b < 0){
 49         b *= -1;
 50         okb = 0;
 51     }
 52      
 53     int divi = gcd(a, b);
 54     up /= divi;
 55     down /= divi;
 56     
 57     if(down < 0){
 58         down *= -1;
 59         up *= -1;
 60     }
 61 }
 62 
 63 Fraction Fraction::negative() const {
 64     return Fraction(-up, down);
 65 }
 66 
 67 int Fraction::get_up() const {
 68     return up;
 69 }
 70 
 71 int Fraction::get_down() const {
 72     return down;
 73 }
 74 
 75 Fraction add(const Fraction &f1, const Fraction &f2) {
 76     int up_1;
 77     int down_1;
 78     
 79     down_1 = f1.get_down() * f2.get_down();
 80     up_1 = f1.get_up() * f2.get_down() + f2.get_up() * f1.get_down();
 81     return Fraction(up_1 , down_1);
 82 }
 83 
 84 Fraction sub(const Fraction &f1, const Fraction &f2) {
 85     return add(f1, f2.negative());
 86 }
 87 
 88 Fraction mul(const Fraction &f1, const Fraction &f2) {
 89     return Fraction(f1.up * f2.up, f1.down * f2.down);
 90 }
 91 
 92 Fraction div(const Fraction &f1, const Fraction &f2) {
 93     return mul(f1, Fraction(f2.down, f2.up)); 
 94 }
 95 
 96 void output(const Fraction &f) {
 97     int ok = 1;
 98     
 99     if(f.get_down() < 0 || f.get_up() < 0){
100         ok = 0;
101         std::cout << '-';
102     }
103     
104     int a = abs(f.get_up());
105     int b = abs(f.get_down());
106     
107     if(b == 1){
108         std::cout << a;
109     }
110     else{
111         std::cout << a << "/" << b;
112     }
113 }
task4.cpp
 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include "Fraction.h"
 3 
 4 using std::cout;
 5 using std::endl;
 6 
 7 
 8 void test1() {
 9     cout << "Fraction类测试: " << endl;
10     cout << Fraction::doc << endl << endl;
11 
12     Fraction f1(5);
13     Fraction f2(3, -4), f3(-18, 12);
14     Fraction f4(f3);
15     cout << "f1 = "; output(f1); cout << endl;
16     cout << "f2 = "; output(f2); cout << endl;
17     cout << "f3 = "; output(f3); cout << endl;
18     cout << "f4 = "; output(f4); cout << endl;
19 
20     Fraction f5(f4.negative());
21     cout << "f5 = "; output(f5); cout << endl;
22     cout << "f5.get_up() = " << f5.get_up() << ", f5.get_down() = " << f5.get_down() << endl;
23 
24     cout << "f1 + f2 = "; output(add(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
25     cout << "f1 - f2 = "; output(sub(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
26     cout << "f1 * f2 = "; output(mul(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
27     cout << "f1 / f2 = "; output(div(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
28     cout << "f4 + f5 = "; output(add(f4, f5)); cout << endl;
29 }
30 
31 void test2() {
32     Fraction f6(42, 55), f7(0, 3);
33     cout << "f6 = "; output(f6); cout << endl;
34     cout << "f7 = "; output(f7); cout << endl;
35     cout << "f6 / f7 = "; output(div(f6, f7)); cout << endl;
36 }
37 
38 int main() {
39     cout << "测试1: Fraction类基础功能测试\n";
40     test1();
41 
42     cout << "\n测试2: 分母为0测试: \n";
43     test2();
44 }

5.实验任务5
account.h
 1 #ifndef __ACCOUNT_H__
 2 #define __ACCOUNT_H__
 3 
 4 class SavingAccount{
 5 private:
 6     int id;
 7     double balance;
 8     double rate;
 9     double lastData;
10     double accumulation;
11     
12     static double total;
13     
14     void record(int data,double amount);
15     double accumulate(int data) const
16     {
17         return accumulation+balance*(data-lastData);
18     }
19 public:
20     SavingAccount(int data,int id,double rate);
21     int getId() const {return id;}
22     double getBalance() const {return balance;}
23     double getRate() const {return rate;}
24     static double getTotal() {return total;}
25     void deposit(int data,double amount);
26     void withdraw(int data,double amount);
27     void settle(int data);
28     void show() const;
29 }; 
30 #endif
account.cpp
 1 #include <bits/stdc++.h>
 2 #include "account.h"
 3 using namespace std;
 4 
 5 double SavingAccount::total=0;
 6 SavingAccount::SavingAccount(int data,int id,double rate)
 7     :id(id),balance(0),rate(rate),lastData(data),accumulation(0)
 8     {
 9         cout<<data<<"\t#"<<id<<"is created"<<endl;
10     }
11     
12 void SavingAccount::record(int data,double amount)
13 {
14     accumulation=accumulate(data);
15     lastData=data;
16     amount=floor(amount*100+0.5)/100;
17     balance+=amount;
18     total+=amount;
19     cout<<data<<"\t#"<<id<<"\t"<<amount<<"\t"<<balance<<endl;
20 }
21 
22 void SavingAccount::deposit(int data,double amount)
23 {
24     record(data,amount);
25 }
26 
27 void SavingAccount::withdraw(int data,double amount)
28 {
29     if (amount>getBalance())
30         cout<<"Error:not enough money"<<endl;
31     else 
32         record(data,-amount);
33 }
34 
35 void SavingAccount::settle(int data)
36 {
37     double interest=accumulate(data)*rate/365;
38     if (interest!=0)
39         record(data,interest);
40     accumulation=0;
41 }
42 void SavingAccount::show() const
43 {
44     cout<<"#"<<id<<"\tBalance:"<<balance;
45 }

main.cpp

 

 1 #include "account.h"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 using namespace std;
 4 
 5 int main ()
 6 {
 7     SavingAccount sa0(1,21325302,0.015);
 8     SavingAccount sa1(1,58320212,0.015);
 9     
10     sa0.deposit(5,5000);
11     sa1.deposit(25,10000);
12     sa0.deposit(45,5500);
13     sa1.deposit(60,4000);
14     
15     sa0.settle(90);
16     sa1.settle(90);
17     
18     sa0.show();cout<<endl;
19     sa1.show();cout<<endl;
20     cout<<"Total:"<<SavingAccount::getTotal()<<endl;
21     return 0;
22 }

 

 

 

posted @ 2024-10-23 13:41  It-just-works  阅读(17)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报