MQTT入门1 -- mosquitto 安装

原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/NickQ/p/9247638.html

MQTT入门1 -- mosquitto 安装

简介：
MQTT（Message Queuing Telemetry Transport，消息队列遥测传输）是IBM开发的一个即时通讯协议，有可能成为物联网的重要组成部分。
MQTT服务器有好多种，mosquitto 是其中之一。由于mosquitto相对来说，教程比较多，对于初学者更容易入手。因此，我选择了mosquitto。
Mosquitto是一个实现了MQTT3.1协议的代理服务器，由MQTT协议创始人之一的Andy Stanford-Clark开发，它为我们提供了非常棒的轻量级数据交换的解决方案。本文的主旨在于记录Mosquitto服务的安装和使用，以备日后查阅。

安装依赖包

yum install gcc gcc-c++ libstdc++-devel 

yum install openssl-devel -y

yum install c-ares-devel -y

yum install uuid-devel -y

yum install libuuid-devel -y

下载源代码：https://mosquitto.org/files/source/

解压，编译，安装

[nick@XQLY mqtt]$ tar -zxvf ./mosquitto-1.4.15.tar.gz 

[nick@XQLY mqtt]$ sudo make && make install
 

创建配置文件

[nick@XQLY mqtt]$ cd /etc/mosquitto/
[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ ls
aclfile.example  mosquitto.conf.example pskfile.example  pwfile.example
[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ cp ./mosquitto.conf.example  ./mosquitto.conf

修改配置文件mosquitto.conf 部分内容

# When run as root, drop privileges to this user and its primary
# group.
# Leave blank to stay as root, but this is not recommended.
# If run as a non-root user, this setting has no effect.
# Note that on Windows this has no effect and so mosquitto should
# be started by the user you wish it to run as.
user mosquitto


# Boolean value that determines whether clients that connect
# without providing a username are allowed to connect. If set to
# false then a password file should be created (see the
# password_file option) to control authenticated client access.
# Defaults to true.
allow_anonymous false


# See the TLS client require_certificate and use_identity_as_username options
# for alternative authentication options.
password_file /etc/mosquitto/password_file

---

配置文件说明
# =================================================================
# General configuration
# =================================================================

# 客户端心跳的间隔时间
#retry_interval 20

# 系统状态的刷新时间
#sys_interval 10

# 系统资源的回收时间，0表示尽快处理
#store_clean_interval 10

# 服务进程的PID
#pid_file /var/run/mosquitto.pid

# 服务进程的系统用户
#user mosquitto

# 客户端心跳消息的最大并发数
#max_inflight_messages 10

# 客户端心跳消息缓存队列
#max_queued_messages 100

# 用于设置客户端长连接的过期时间，默认永不过期
#persistent_client_expiration

# =================================================================
# Default listener
# =================================================================

# 服务绑定的IP地址
#bind_address

# 服务绑定的端口号
#port 1883

# 允许的最大连接数，-1表示没有限制
#max_connections -1

# cafile：CA证书文件
# capath：CA证书目录
# certfile：PEM证书文件
# keyfile：PEM密钥文件
#cafile
#capath
#certfile
#keyfile

# 必须提供证书以保证数据安全性
#require_certificate false

# 若require_certificate值为true，use_identity_as_username也必须为true
#use_identity_as_username false

# 启用PSK（Pre-shared-key）支持
#psk_hint

# SSL/TSL加密算法，可以使用“openssl ciphers”命令获取
# as the output of that command.
#ciphers

# =================================================================
# Persistence
# =================================================================

# 消息自动保存的间隔时间
#autosave_interval 1800

# 消息自动保存功能的开关
#autosave_on_changes false

# 持久化功能的开关
persistence true

# 持久化DB文件
#persistence_file mosquitto.db

# 持久化DB文件目录
#persistence_location /var/lib/mosquitto/

# =================================================================
# Logging
# =================================================================

# 4种日志模式：stdout、stderr、syslog、topic
# none 则表示不记日志，此配置可以提升些许性能
log_dest none

# 选择日志的级别（可设置多项）
#log_type error
#log_type warning
#log_type notice
#log_type information

# 是否记录客户端连接信息
#connection_messages true

# 是否记录日志时间
#log_timestamp true

# =================================================================
# Security
# =================================================================

# 客户端ID的前缀限制，可用于保证安全性
#clientid_prefixes

# 允许匿名用户
#allow_anonymous true

# 用户/密码文件，默认格式：username:password
#password_file

# PSK格式密码文件，默认格式：identity:key
#psk_file

# pattern write sensor/%u/data
# ACL权限配置，常用语法如下：
# 用户限制：user <username>
# 话题限制：topic [read|write] <topic>
# 正则限制：pattern write sensor/%u/data
#acl_file

# =================================================================
# Bridges
# =================================================================

# 允许服务之间使用“桥接”模式（可用于分布式部署）
#connection <name>
#address <host>[:<port>]
#topic <topic> [[[out | in | both] qos-level] local-prefix remote-prefix]

# 设置桥接的客户端ID
#clientid

# 桥接断开时，是否清除远程服务器中的消息
#cleansession false

# 是否发布桥接的状态信息
#notifications true

# 设置桥接模式下，消息将会发布到的话题地址
# $SYS/broker/connection/<clientid>/state
#notification_topic

# 设置桥接的keepalive数值
#keepalive_interval 60

# 桥接模式，目前有三种：automatic、lazy、once
#start_type automatic

# 桥接模式automatic的超时时间
#restart_timeout 30

# 桥接模式lazy的超时时间
#idle_timeout 60

# 桥接客户端的用户名
#username

# 桥接客户端的密码
#password

# bridge_cafile：桥接客户端的CA证书文件
# bridge_capath：桥接客户端的CA证书目录
# bridge_certfile：桥接客户端的PEM证书文件
# bridge_keyfile：桥接客户端的PEM密钥文件
#bridge_cafile
#bridge_capath
#bridge_certfile
#bridge_keyfile

---

创建用户/密码

在mosquitto.conf中指明了，用户密码文件路径，在路径下创建密码文件；
格式：  username:password

使用配置文件启动服务

[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ mosquitto -c /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf 

查看服务启动状态

[nick@XQLY ~]$ ps -A | grep mosquitto

查看服务启动状态

[nick@XQLY ~]$ ss -tanl

---

补充问题：

1、在启动过程中报错：

Error: Invalid user 'mosquitto'.

解决方法：

2、重启Mosquitto

使用Liunx终止进程命令，强行退出。 先kill掉，再重启：

3、编译过程中问题：

1. ssh.h找不到。我之前安装了openssl，为什么还会报这个错误呢，因为我安装好了以后并没有配置环境变量      下面的命令是安装开发环境，执行此命令，上面的openssl就可以不安装了

yum install openssl-devel

2.ares.h找不到

yum install c-ares-devel

3.#include <uuid/uuid.h> 找不到文件解决方法：

yum install e2fsprogs-devel
yum install uuid-devel
yum install libuuid-devel

4、 调测问题：

1、报错./mosquitto_sub: error while loading shared libraries: libmosquitto.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

解决：执行以下命令：

建立软链接
sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmosquitto.so.1 /usr/lib/libmosquitto.so.1

刷新链接
ldconfig 

---

调试

开启服务

[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ mosquitto -c /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf 
1530344877: mosquitto version 1.4.15 (build date 2018-06-30 14:03:02+0800) starting
1530344877: Config loaded from /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf.
1530344877: Opening ipv4 listen socket on port 1883.
1530344877: Opening ipv6 listen socket on port 1883.

建立一个客户端，订阅主题(用户名nick 密码zhangshan)

[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ mosquitto_sub -u nick -P zhangshan -t mass

建立一个客户端，向mass主题发送一个消息

[nick@XQLY ~]$ mosquitto_pub -t mass -u nick -P zhangshan -m "this is a messeage"

服务器显示

[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ mosquitto -c /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf 
1530344877: mosquitto version 1.4.15 (build date 2018-06-30 14:03:02+0800) starting
1530344877: Config loaded from /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf.
1530344877: Opening ipv4 listen socket on port 1883.
1530344877: Opening ipv6 listen socket on port 1883.
1530344892: New connection from ::1 on port 1883.
1530344892: New client connected from ::1 as mosqsub|9252-XQLY (c1, k60, u'nick').
1530344900: New connection from ::1 on port 1883.
1530344900: New client connected from ::1 as mosqpub|9254-XQLY (c1, k60, u'nick').
1530344900: Client mosqpub|9254-XQLY disconnected.

订阅者显示

[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ mosquitto_sub -u nick -P zhangshan -t mass
this is a messeage

本文参考：
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_29350001/article/details/76680646
https://www.cnblogs.com/chen1-kerr/p/7258487.html