1-elasticsearch - Mappings的其他设置

before

elasticsearch-6.8.15

上一小节中,根据dynamic的状态不同,我们对字段有了更多可自定义的操作。现在再来补充一个参数,使自定义的属性更加的灵活。

index

首先来创建一个mappings

PUT m4
{
  "mappings": {
    "doc": {
      "dynamic": false,
      "properties": {
        "name": {
          "type": "text",
          "index": true
        },
        "age": {
          "type": "long",
          "index": false
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

可以看到,我们在创建索引的时候,为每个属性添加一个index参数。那会有什么效果呢?
先来添加一篇文档:

PUT m4/doc/1
{
  "name": "小黑",
  "age": 18
}

再来查询看效果:

GET m4/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name": "小黑"
    }
  }
}

GET m4/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "age": 18
    }
  }
}

name查询没问题,但是,以age作为查询条件就有问题了:

{
  "error": {
    "root_cause": [
      {
        "type": "query_shard_exception",
        "reason": "failed to create query: {\n  \"match\" : {\n    \"age\" : {\n      \"query\" : 18,\n      \"operator\" : \"OR\",\n      \"prefix_length\" : 0,\n      \"max_expansions\" : 50,\n      \"fuzzy_transpositions\" : true,\n      \"lenient\" : false,\n      \"zero_terms_query\" : \"NONE\",\n      \"auto_generate_synonyms_phrase_query\" : true,\n      \"boost\" : 1.0\n    }\n  }\n}",
        "index_uuid": "GHBPeT5pRnSi3g6DkpIkow",
        "index": "m4"
      }
    ],
    "type": "search_phase_execution_exception",
    "reason": "all shards failed",
    "phase": "query",
    "grouped": true,
    "failed_shards": [
      {
        "shard": 0,
        "index": "m4",
        "node": "dhkqLLTsRemm7qEgRdpvTg",
        "reason": {
          "type": "query_shard_exception",
          "reason": "failed to create query: {\n  \"match\" : {\n    \"age\" : {\n      \"query\" : 18,\n      \"operator\" : \"OR\",\n      \"prefix_length\" : 0,\n      \"max_expansions\" : 50,\n      \"fuzzy_transpositions\" : true,\n      \"lenient\" : false,\n      \"zero_terms_query\" : \"NONE\",\n      \"auto_generate_synonyms_phrase_query\" : true,\n      \"boost\" : 1.0\n    }\n  }\n}",
          "index_uuid": "GHBPeT5pRnSi3g6DkpIkow",
          "index": "m4",
          "caused_by": {
            "type": "illegal_argument_exception",
            "reason": "Cannot search on field [age] since it is not indexed."
          }
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "status": 400
}

返回的是报错结果,这其中就是index参数在起作用。

小结:index属性默认为true,如果该属性设置为false,那么,elasticsearch不会为该属性创建索引,也就是说无法当做主查询条件。

copy_to

现在,再来学习一个copy_to属性,该属性允许我们将多个字段的值复制到组字段中,然后将组字段作为单个字段进行查询。

PUT m5
{
  "mappings": {
    "doc": {
      "dynamic":false,
      "properties": {
        "first_name":{
          "type": "text",
          "copy_to": "full_name"
        },
        "last_name": {
          "type": "text",
          "copy_to": "full_name"
        },
        "full_name": {
          "type": "text"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT m5/doc/1
{
  "first_name":"tom",
  "last_name":"ben"
}
PUT m5/doc/2
{
  "first_name":"john",
  "last_name":"smith"
}

GET m5/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "first_name": "tom"
    }
  }
}

GET m5/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "full_name": "tom"
    }
  }
}

上例中,我们将first_namelast_name都复制到full_name中。并且使用full_name查询也返回了结果:

{
  "took" : 0,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "max_score" : 0.2876821,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "m5",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
          "first_name" : "tom",
          "last_name" : "ben"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

返回结果表示查询成功。那么想要查询tom或者smith该怎么办?

GET m5/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "full_name": {
        "query": "tom smith",
        "operator": "or"
      }
    }
  }
}

将查询条件以空格隔开并封装在query内,operator参数为多个条件的查询关系也可以是and,也有简写方式:

GET m5/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "full_name": "tom smith"
    }
  }
}

copy_to还支持将相同的属性值复制给不同的字段。

PUT m6
{
  "mappings": {
    "doc": {
      "dynamic":false,
      "properties": {
        "first_name":{
          "type": "text",
          "copy_to": "full_name"
        },
        "last_name": {
          "type": "text",
          "copy_to": ["field1", "field2"]
        },
        "field1": {
          "type": "text"
        },
        "field2": {
          "type": "text"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}


PUT m6/doc/1
{
  "first_name":"tom",
  "last_name":"ben"
}
PUT m6/doc/2
{
  "first_name":"john",
  "last_name":"smith"
}

上例中,只需要将copy_to的字段以数组的形式封装即可。无论是通过field1还是field2都可以查询。
小结:

  • copy_to复制的是属性值而不是属性
  • copy_to如果要应用于聚合请将filddata设置为true
  • 如果要将属性值复制给多个字段,请用数组,比如copy_to:["field1", "field2"]

对象属性

现在,有一个个人信息文档如下:

PUT m7/doc/1
{
  "name":"tom",
  "age":18,
  "info":{
    "addr":"北京",
    "tel":"10010"
  }
}

首先,这样嵌套多层的mappings该如何设计呢?

PUT m7
{
  "mappings": {
    "doc": {
      "dynamic": false,
      "properties": {
        "name": {
          "type": "text"
        },
        "age": {
          "type": "text"
        },
        "info": {
          "properties": {
            "addr": {
              "type": "text"
            },
            "tel": {
              "type" : "text"
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

那么,如果要以name或者age属性作为查询条件查询难不倒我们。
现在如果要以info中的tel为条件怎么写查询语句呢?

GET mapping_test9/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "info.tel": "10086"
    }
  }
}

上例中,info既是一个属性,也是一个对象,我们称为info这类字段为对象型字段。该对象内又包含addrtel两个字段,如上例这种以嵌套内的字段为查询条件的话,查询语句可以以字段点子字段的方式来写即可。

settings设置

设置主、复制分片

在创建一个索引的时候,我们可以在settings中指定分片信息:

PUT s1
{
  "mappings": {
    "doc": {
      "properties": {
        "name": {
          "type": "text"
        }
      }
    }
  }, 
  "settings": {
    "number_of_replicas": 1,
    "number_of_shards": 5
  }
}

number_of_shards是主分片数量(每个索引默认5个主分片),而number_of_replicas是复制分片,默认一个主分片搭配一个复制分片。


欢迎斧正,that's all,see also:

elasticsearch mapping|copy_to

posted @ 2019-03-25 12:13  听雨危楼  阅读(1859)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报