Docker 安装及基本命令
Docker官方文档
Docker远程仓库
安装步骤以及命令
准备工作
# 1. 卸载已安装过的旧版本的docker [新服务器无需此操作]
yum remove docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-engine
# 2. 需要安装的包
yum install -y yum-utils
开始docker安装命令
# 3. 设置镜像仓库
# 官方镜像地址是比较慢，可以使用国内的，比如阿里的
yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
#推荐使用国内的
yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# 4. 更新yum索引，获取最新的索引yum makecache fast
yum makecache fast
# 5. 安装docker相关的 docker-ce 社区版 而ee是企业版,企业版是收费
yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
# 6.启动docker
systemctl start docker
# 7. 验证是否安装成功
docker version
验证安装成功
执行version命令，出现docker的版本信息，即为安装成功
Hollo-world
Hollo-word示例
测试docker环境是否正常，使用官方提供的hollo-word的示例
镜像运行命令
docker run hello-world # docker run 镜像
执行结果：
-
当执行run命令时，本地不存在需要执行的镜像，则会到远程镜像仓库拉取
-
执行镜像为添加tag版本号，则会拉取远程最新的镜像版本 lastest 表示最新版本
镜像基本命令
- 容器启动命令
docker run [可选参数] image | docker container run [可选参数] image
#参书说明
--name="Name" #容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02 用来区分容器
-d #后台方式运行
-it #使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p #指定容器的端口 -p 8080(宿主机):8080(容器)
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口(常用)
-p 容器端口
容器端口
-P(大写) 随机指定端口
# 测试、启动并进入容器
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g
[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash 【启动并进入容器】
[root@241b5abce65e /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@241b5abce65e /]# exit 【从容器退回主机】
exit
常见的坑：docker容器使用后台运行，就必须要有要一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
- 查看当前docker环境下的所有镜像
docker images #查看当前docker环境下的所有镜像
docker image ls
[root@bogon /]# docker images
# 镜像名称 镜像版本 唯一ID 时间 镜像大小
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 6 weeks ago 13.3kB
- 搜索镜像 【建议少用，使用远程仓库可以查看镜像详情】
docker search #搜索镜像
- 下载镜像
docker pull #下载镜像 docker image pull
- 删除镜像
docker rmi #删除镜像 docker image rm
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) #删除全部的镜像
容器基本命令
- 查询容器
docker ps # 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a, --all #列出当前正在运行的容器 + 带出历史运行过的容器
-n=?, --last int #列出最近创建的?个容器 ?为1则只列出最近创建的一个容器,为2则列出2个
-q, --quiet #只列出容器的编号
[root@bogon /]# docker ps
# 容器唯一ID 镜像名 执行命令 时间 状态 暴露端口 容器名
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7d18e99366ff nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 80/tcp pedantic_faraday
--------
[root@bogon /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7d18e99366ff nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes 80/tcp pedantic_faraday【正在运行的容器】
d05f3bc3884a hello-world "/hello" 45 minutes ago Exited (0) 45 minutes ago modest_tereshkova【之前运行过的容器】
--------
[root@bogon /]# docker ps -q
d9b9a2b10c76
3c4c5037f3d4
--------
[root@bogon /]# docker ps -n=2
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d9b9a2b10c76 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 36 seconds ago Up 35 seconds 80/tcp nginx06
3c4c5037f3d4 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 41 seconds ago Up 40 seconds 80/tcp nginx05
- 容器停止命令
docker stop 容器ID # 容器停止命令
# 查询到正在运行的容器，
# -q 仅展示容器ID
[root@bogon /]# docker ps -q
cca290da9e9c
[root@bogon /]# docker stop cca290da9e9c
cca290da9e9c 【容器停止成功】
docker stop $(docker ps -aq) # 停止所有正在运行的容器 $ 代表取值
[root@bogon /]# docker ps -q 【正在运行的容器】
a924fd191505
7d58cbf29ea3
[root@bogon /]# docker stop $(docker ps -q)【停止所有正在运行的容器】
a924fd191505
7d58cbf29ea3
- 杀死正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器ID
- 删除容器
docker rm 容器id #删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除 rm -rf
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) #删除所有的容器
- 启动和重启容器
docker start 容器id #启动容器
docker restart 容器id #重启容器
- 进入容器
docker exec -it 容器ID /bin/bash #进入容器并且打开一个新的终端
docker attach 容器id #进入容器并且进入正在执行的终端
- 退出容器
exit #容器直接退出
ctrl +P +Q #容器不停止退出 ---注意：这个很有用的操作
- 查看docker日志
docker logs --help
Options:
--details Show extra details provided to logs
* -f, --follow Follow log output
--since string Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
* --tail string Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")
* -t, --timestamps Show timestamps
--until string Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
➜ ~ docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo 6666;sleep 1;done" #模拟日志
#显示日志
-tf #显示日志信息（一直更新）
--tail number #需要显示日志条数
docker logs -t --tail n 容器id #查看n行日志
docker logs -ft 容器id #跟着日志
- 查看容器中进程信息
docker top 容器ID
- 查看容器的元数据
#命令
docker inspect 容器ID
# 测试
[root@bogon /]# docker inspect 7daa2237ec1d
[
{
"Id": "7daa2237ec1d92b8b4b850814e9c74bef8e48efc978aed7234c979594c88d07a",
"Created": "2021-11-08T08:23:50.342564917Z",
"Path": "/docker-entrypoint.sh",
"Args": [
"nginx",
"-g",
"daemon off;"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 84968,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-11-08T08:23:51.070809271Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:87a94228f133e2da99cb16d653cd1373c5b4e8689956386c1c12b60a20421a02",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/7daa2237ec1d92b8b4b850814e9c74bef8e48efc978aed7234c979594c88d07a/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/7daa2237ec1d92b8b4b850814e9c74bef8e48efc978aed7234c979594c88d07a/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/7daa2237ec1d92b8b4b850814e9c74bef8e48efc978aed7234c979594c88d07a/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/7daa2237ec1d92b8b4b850814e9c74bef8e48efc978aed7234c979594c88d07a/7daa2237ec1d92b8b4b850814e9c74bef8e48efc978aed7234c979594c88d07a-json.log",
"Name": "/nginx02",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": [
"4120fe6eff388f1ca32d9c09cce02c286e500ea0aca00e596ba590adfeac6ca7",
"ef7a9731d2bc08e70aef31905aba67028e8c85fa5e42ac0dc942dd9c03071cb4"
],
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {
"80/tcp": [
{
"HostIp": "",
"HostPort": "8000"
}
]
},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0778d818ab0406f00a7ad651d9c70f1b586642fb92d468220a4b2d66ffdeecc6-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d58fab8d23dafafd6c7674ffac3dad8ed91b6515b413bdc128164d74482e63fd/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c7d9e2e744739c79e8ba575430ca0fb9e5cb5707309aaa3844ac4eec7800fd05/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bc03eef418af2d95e47e4a90db360d1195c84daada7133561f80384f366287bb/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4a0f6d30a8c3e58f8b01e2b5c964a7b4a9abc90a295cc74692ffc60ec6fbe125/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fb8c8d457fbd46f237da67fc31370d3449dd3104d872bdb888102e9c221ee44b/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/efc57b47f664f34115950ea32175fcde004bf1c1fc758c6bdc39f45ae5abe13d/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0778d818ab0406f00a7ad651d9c70f1b586642fb92d468220a4b2d66ffdeecc6/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0778d818ab0406f00a7ad651d9c70f1b586642fb92d468220a4b2d66ffdeecc6/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0778d818ab0406f00a7ad651d9c70f1b586642fb92d468220a4b2d66ffdeecc6/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "7daa2237ec1d",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": true,
"AttachStderr": true,
"ExposedPorts": {
"80/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"NGINX_VERSION=1.21.3",
"NJS_VERSION=0.6.2",
"PKG_RELEASE=1~buster"
],
"Cmd": [
"nginx",
"-g",
"daemon off;"
],
"Image": "nginx",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": [
"/docker-entrypoint.sh"
],
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"
},
"StopSignal": "SIGQUIT"
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "de74adbe1f577f46455dac020aac4dd14c3bada9810ba35b06b710f0e0522374",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {
"80/tcp": [
{
"HostIp": "0.0.0.0",
"HostPort": "8000"
},
{
"HostIp": "::",
"HostPort": "8000"
}
]
},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/de74adbe1f57",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "3ffd53ff1bf337358adfcf1fd9a969c8ddd212ca887d38d46c19a758dd64ea6c",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "eec222979fd743eb8682227b74092fa21437ae7c785033443db4dcae88d93352",
"EndpointID": "3ffd53ff1bf337358adfcf1fd9a969c8ddd212ca887d38d46c19a758dd64ea6c",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
[root@bogon /]#
- 从容器内拷贝到主机上
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 主机目的路径
小结
命令集合
attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
#当前shell下 attach连接指定运行的镜像
build Build an image from a Dockerfile # 通过Dockerfile定制镜像
commit Create a new image from a container's changes #提交当前容器为新的镜像
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem #拷贝文件
create Create a new container #创建一个新的容器
diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem #查看docker容器的变化
events Get real time events from the server # 从服务获取容器实时时间
exec Run a command in a running container # 在运行中的容器上运行命令 打开一个新的终端
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive #导出容器文件系统作为一个tar归档文件[对应import]
history Show the history of an image # 展示一个镜像形成历史
images List images #列出系统当前的镜像
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image #从tar包中导入内容创建一个文件系统镜像
info Display system-wide information # 显示全系统信息
inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects #查看容器详细信息
kill Kill one or more running containers # kill指定docker容器
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN #从一个tar包或标准输入中加载一个镜像[对应save]
login Log in to a Docker registry # 登录远程仓库
logout Log out from a Docker registry # 退出远程仓库
logs Fetch the logs of a container # 查看docker 日志
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
ps List containers # 列出正在运行的容器
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry # 拉取镜像
push Push an image or a repository to a registry # 向远程推镜像
rename Rename a container
restart Restart one or more containers # 容器重启
rm Remove one or more containers # 删除容器
rmi Remove one or more images # 删除容器
run Run a command in a new container # 启动一个容器
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
search Search the Docker Hub for images # 搜索一个镜像
start Start one or more stopped containers # 启动docker
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics # 镜像或docker 状态
stop Stop one or more running containers # 停止容器/停止docker
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE # 镜像tag版本
top Display the running processes of a container# 查看一个容器的进程信息
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
version Show the Docker version information # docker 版本
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
其它
宿主机端口 和 容器内部端口 以及端口暴露：
容器内nginx启动后对外暴露端口号为80，宿主机通过-p命令将3344端口与容器的80端口映射
命令：
docker run -p 3344:80 镜像名 # -p小写为指定端口号的映射
-P # 大写-P为宿主机任意端口号与容器暴露的端口号映射
