用Django搭建个人博客—(3)
今日主题
-
定义博客文章和评论的的数据库定义
-
定义操作这几个Model的后台数据
User表
USER_STATUS = (
('active', u'激活'),
('suspended', u'禁用'),
('deleted', u'注销'),
)
class Users(models.Model):
username = models.CharField(u'用户名', unique=True, max_length=20)
password = models.CharField(u'密码', max_length=128)
nickname = models.CharField(u'昵称', max_length=50, blank=True)
avatar = models.ImageField(u'头像', upload_to='avatar/%Y/%m', max_length=100, blank=True, null=True)
display = models.CharField(u'显示名', max_length=100, blank=True)
email = models.EmailField(u'邮箱', max_length=255, blank=True)
url = models.URLField(u'个人主页', max_length=255, blank=True)
created_at = models.DateTimeField(u'创建时间', auto_now_add=True)
activation_key = models.CharField(u'激活码', max_length=60, blank=True)
status = models.CharField(u'状态', max_length=10, default='active', choices=USER_STATUS)
这里简单说明一点点,Django里面很少用到纯粹的sql.基本上都是用Django封装的orm来干这些事情.
SQL里面的数据字段的类型在Django里面也一一对应了的,上面的User模型定义里面的CharField,IntegerField,DateTimeField等分别对应了SQL里面的字符型,整型和日期型的数据格式,
EmailField,URLField等则是Django扩展出来的字段,实际上也相当于char型的字段(多了些特定的限制而已)
扩展阅读
这一部分应该来说是比较基础也比较重要的,务必应当熟悉各个字段的使用以及相应的属性.
当然,如果有SQL基础,那更是驾轻就熟.
这里还有一点需要提醒注意的是,avatar字段使用了ImageField,并且在其属性中给定了upload_to字段.那么我们在settings.py中就需要额外的为之设定一个图片存储路径.这样图片在上传的时候就会从
settings查找MEDIA_ROOT,并将图片至于其中, 可能细心的你还注意到了在设定upload_to字段的值上面
是 avatar/%Y/%m 这样最终生成的图片路径就应该是这样的 /path/to/upload/avatar/2015/01/xx.jpg
(假设选定了一张名为xx.jpg作为头像上传了).
# settings.py
# 设定图片上传路径
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'upload')
if not os.path.exists(MEDIA_ROOT):
os.mkdir(MEDIA_ROOT)
Posts表
def _make_uuid():
return str(uuid.uuid4()).replace('-', '').lower()
POST_STATUS = (
('publish', u'发布'),
('auto-draft', u'草稿'),
('inherit', u'继承'),
)
COMMENT_STATUS = (
('open', u'公开'),
('closed', u'私密'),
)
class Posts(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(u'标题', max_length=200)
seed = models.CharField(max_length=40, default=_make_uuid)
author = models.ForeignKey('Users', to_field='username')
name = models.SlugField(u'别名', max_length=200, blank=True)
date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
modified = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
excerpt = models.TextField(u'摘要')
content = models.TextField(u'正文')
status = models.CharField(u'发布状态', max_length=20, default='publish', choices=POST_STATUS)
comment_status = models.CharField(u'评论状态', max_length=20, default='open', choices=COMMENT_STATUS)
password = models.CharField(u'密码', max_length=20, blank=True)
comment_count = models.IntegerField(u'评论', max_length=20, default=0)
read_count = models.IntegerField(u'阅读', max_length=20, default=0)
Posts表用来存储博客的文章,心情随笔等等.所以像标题 内容 发布时间 修改时间等等的都是必不可少的
Comments表
class Comments(models.Model):
post = models.ForeignKey('Posts')
parent = models.ForeignKey('self', blank=True, null=True)
author = models.ForeignKey('Users')
author_name = models.CharField(max_length=20, blank=True)
author_email = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True)
author_url = models.URLField(max_length=255, blank=True)
author_IP = models.GenericIPAddressField(unpack_ipv4=True, blank=True, null=True)
date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
content = models.TextField()
Links表
LINK_VISIBLE = (
('Y', u'可见'),
('N', u'不可见'),
)
class links(models.Model):
owner = models.ForeignKey('users')
url = models.URLField(max_length=255)
name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
image = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True)
target = models.CharField(max_length=25, blank=True)
description = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True)
visible = models.CharField(max_length=20, default='Y', choices=LINK_VISIBLE)
date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
modified = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
rating = models.IntegerField(default=0)
这些天有些冷,人都变得倦怠了.应该自我检讨一下了.
附带一笔记录一下今天使用Django form的一点笔记:
此处以Users为例,小叙一下通过Django自定义的表单进行数据验证
# 1
from django.forms import forms
class UserForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = models.Users
fields = ['username', 'password']
最简单的一个Form就这么华丽丽的完成了,
models.Users 指定模型
fields 指定必要字段
然后在后台的views中就可以直接调用这个写好的Form对数据进行验证了,当然,同样也可以利用它生成表格输入框
进一步深入, 自定义字段验证
# 1
from django.forms import forms
class UserForm(forms.ModelForm):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
# 为什么没有**kwargs, 是不是去读读源码?
super(UserForm, self).__init__(*args)
# do something with sth in kwargs
def clean(self):
# 让自带的方法帮我们验证剩余的字段
cleaned_data = super(UserForm, self).clean()
username = cleaned_data.get('username')
if 'ooxx' in username:
self._errors['username'] = u'名字太黄了,禁止注册!'
del cleaned_data['username']
pwd = cleaned_data.get('password')
if len(str(pwd)) < 4:
self._errors['password'] = u'那啥太短了,密码太短了.'
del cleaned_data['password']
# ....
return cleaned_data
class Meta:
model = models.Users
fields = ['username', 'password', 'email']
再简单的写一个后台的用户注册和编辑的views
# users.py
from django.shortcuts import RequestContext
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from blog import models
from blog import forms
def add(request, *args, **kwargs):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = forms.UserForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
user = form.save()
return render_to_response('core/user.html', {'user': user}, context_instance=RequestContext(request))
else:
return render_to_response('core/register.html', {'form': form}, context_instance=RequestContext(request))
form = forms.UserForm()
return render_to_response('core/register.html', {'form': form}, context_instance=RequestContext(request))
def edit(request, *args, **kwargs):
username = request.POST.get('username', None)
if username:
obj = models.Users.objects.get(username=username)
form = forms.UserForm(request.POST, instance=obj)
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return render_to_response('core/user.html', {'user': user}, context_instance=RequestContext(request))
return render_to_response('core/edit.html', {'form': form}, context_instance=RequestContext(request))
