k8s之mutating webhook + gin（附加调试技巧）

1.知识准备

1.Webhook 是一种用于接收准入请求并对其进行处理的 HTTP 回调机制
2.Webhook 接收来自apiserver的回调，对回调资源做一些校验、注入、修改元数据等工作
3.来一张图片

2.环境准备

组件	版本
OS	CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
docker	18.09.7
k8s	v1.15.2
golang	go1.16.9 darwin/amd64

ip	hostname
10.248.33.220	k8s-master

3.部署

下载代码

3.1 创建相关证书

|># sh webhook-create-signed-cert.sh
creating certs in tmpdir ./webhook-certs
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
..................................................+++
.................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/wilsonchai-webhook-svc.default created
NAME                             AGE   REQUESTOR          CONDITION
wilsonchai-webhook-svc.default   0s    kubernetes-admin   Pending
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/wilsonchai-webhook-svc.default approved
secret/wilsonchai-webhook-certs created

3.2 创建权限

|># kubectl apply -f yaml/rbac.yaml
serviceaccount/wilsonchai-webhook-sa changed
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/wilsonchai-webhook-cr changed
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/wilsonchai-webhook-crb changed

3.3 创建 mutetingwebhookconfiguration

|># cat yaml/mutatingwebhookconfiguration.yaml | sh webhook-patch-ca-bundle.sh | kubectl apply -f -
mutatingwebhookconfiguration.admissionregistration.k8s.io/wilsonchai-webhook-example-cfg created
|># kubectl get mutatingwebhookconfiguration
NAME                             CREATED AT
wilsonchai-webhook-example-cfg   2021-11-08T03:34:39Z

3.4 namespace 打 label

kubectl label namespace default wilsonchai-webhook=enabled

3.5编译代码并且上传镜像

|># sh build.sh 0.0.1
go: downloading github.com/golang/glog v1.0.0
go: downloading k8s.io/apimachinery v0.22.3
go: downloading github.com/unrolled/secure v1.0.9
go: downloading k8s.io/api v0.22.3
go: downloading github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.7.4
go: downloading golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210616094352-59db8d763f22
go: downloading github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.2
go: downloading github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.4.1
go: downloading google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0
go: downloading github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2
go: downloading k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.9.0
go: downloading github.com/google/gofuzz v1.1.0
go: downloading github.com/go-logr/logr v0.4.0
go: downloading sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v4 v4.1.2
go: downloading github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.11
go: downloading golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210520170846-37e1c6afe023
go: downloading github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.5
Sending build context to Docker daemon  22.04MB
Step 1/3 : FROM alpine:latest
 ---> 389fef711851
Step 2/3 : Add wilsonchai-webhook /wilsonchai-webhook
 ---> 05381b24d25c
Step 3/3 : ENTRYPOINT ["./wilsonchai-webhook"]
 ---> Running in c36e1e7a0bfb
Removing intermediate container c36e1e7a0bfb
 ---> c4a4c7042625
Successfully built c4a4c7042625
Successfully tagged registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/wilsonchai/mutating-webhook:0.0.1
The push refers to repository [registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/wilsonchai/mutating-webhook]
85e0257311fe: Pushed
777b2c648970: Pushed
0.0.1: digest: sha256:6750fe64823810caa0ad7551a61ba4b4e6ee0ccd40ab93a76b6a1fb8bcdc5bee size: 740

3.6部署镜像

|># kubectl apply -f yaml/deploy.yaml
deployment.apps/wilsonchai-webhook-deployment created
service/wilsonchai-webhook-svc created
|># kubectl get pod | grep wilsonchai-webhook
wilsonchai-webhook-deployment-8444c7d8dd-89qwp   1/1     Running     0          19s

至此，整个部署完成，是不是非常简单，现在我们来测试一下是否能够正常工作

4.测试

4.1 先打开一个shell 1，监控wilsonchai-webhook的日志输出

|># kubectl logs -f wilsonchai-webhook-deployment-8444c7d8dd-89qwp
[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Creating an Engine instance with the Logger and Recovery middleware already attached.

[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Running in "debug" mode. Switch to "release" mode in production.
 - using env:	export GIN_MODE=release
 - using code:	gin.SetMode(gin.ReleaseMode)

[GIN-debug] POST   /mutate                   --> main.WebhookCallback (4 handlers)
[GIN-debug] Listening and serving HTTPS on :443

4.2 打开另一个shell 2，部署一个测试的deployment，busybox-test

|># kubectl apply -f yaml/busybox.yaml
deployment.apps/busybox-test created

4.3 回到shell 1，wilsonchai-webhook成功接收到来自api的回调

[GIN] 2021/11/08 - 03:53:59 | 200 |     176.172µs |      10.244.0.0 | POST     "/mutate?timeout=30s"

4.4 回到shell 2，查看busybox-test是否部署成功

|># kubectl get pod | grep busybox
busybox-test-59c6487468-h4zx9                    1/1     Running     0          110s

至此，部署成功

5.调试模式

由于我们的开发环境在远端（相对于k8s集群），我们想要配置可以直接回调到远端的开发环境，方便我们调试代码，here we go!!

5.1 k8s master上操作

5.1.1 删除 k8s 集群中的 wilsonchai-webhook

|># kubectl delete -f yaml/deploy.yaml
deployment.apps "wilsonchai-webhook-deployment" deleted
service "wilsonchai-webhook-svc" deleted

5.1.2 部署调试模式

|># kubectl apply -f yaml/debug.yaml
service/wilsonchai-webhook-svc created
endpoints/wilsonchai-webhook-svc created

注意： 这里的10.248.33.220，是我的k8s master ip，请大家自行替换成k8s master ip

...
apiVersion: v1
kind: Endpoints
metadata:
  name: wilsonchai-webhook-svc
subsets:
- addresses:
  - ip: 10.248.33.220
  ports:
    - port: 443

5.1.3 修改k8s master 的ssh配置（如果没有，请添加），然后重启

|># grep GatewayPorts /etc/ssh/sshd_config
GatewayPorts yes
|># systemctl restart sshd

5.2 回到开发机器操作

5.2.1 打开一条ssh隧道

▶ ssh -N -R 10.248.33.220:443:127.0.0.1:443 root@10.248.33.220
root@10.248.33.220's password:

5.2.2 运行wilsonchai-webhook，这里需要手工指向证书位置（证书就在“创建相关证书”小节中创建出来的webhook-certs中）

▶ go run main.go webhook.go -tlsCertFile webhook-certs/server-cert.pem -tlsKeyFile webhook-certs/server-key.pem
[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Creating an Engine instance with the Logger and Recovery middleware already attached.

[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Running in "debug" mode. Switch to "release" mode in production.
 - using env:	export GIN_MODE=release
 - using code:	gin.SetMode(gin.ReleaseMode)

[GIN-debug] POST   /mutate                   --> main.WebhookCallback (4 handlers)
[GIN-debug] Listening and serving HTTPS on :443

至此，开发环境搭建完成，我们来测试一下

5.3 重建busybox-test

|># kubectl delete -f yaml/busybox.yaml
deployment.apps "busybox-test" deleted
|># kubectl apply -f yaml/busybox.yaml
deployment.apps/busybox-test created

5.4 查看开发环境

[GIN] 2021/11/08 - 12:08:59 | 200 |    3.812455ms |       127.0.0.1 | POST     "/mutate?timeout=30s"

没错，apiserver已经回调到我们的开发环境了

6.原理浅析

6.1 mutate webhook

● 通过mutatingwebhookconfiguration，告诉apiserver哪一种资源需要回调
● 用一个wilsonchai-webhook来接收回调，并且进行适当的处理（本文只是打通流程，并没有处理回调内容）
● wilsonchai-webhook最后将回调内容经过处理之后，回写到apiserver去
● mutate webhook有30s的超时时间，超时之后apiserver将进入自己的流程，并在日志打印一行错误

6.2 调试

● 第一步，修改service 的endpoint，把请求流出k8s集群
● 第二步，修改k8s master 的sshd_config，这样做的目的是让隧道监听0.0.0.0，否则只能监听127.0.0.1
● 第三步，建立一条ssh隧道，将访问到k8s master的请求导入到开发环境来
● 总的来说：apiserver --> wilsonchai-webhook-svc --> k8s master ip --> 开发环境

注意：如果你的k8s集群能够直接访问开发环境，那就更加简单，只需要把endpoint的address指向你的开发环境ip即可

7.小结

● 需要注意的是，本文的k8s是1.15.2版本的，如果是高于 v1.16，mutatingwebhookconfiguration的apiversion有变化，具体请参考官网
● 本文只是打通了流程，并没有演示webhook的具体作用
● 本文中的代码：代码

8.参考

https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/extensible-admission-controllers/
https://www.qikqiak.com/post/k8s-admission-webhook/

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至此，本文结束
在下才疏学浅，有撒汤漏水的，请各位不吝赐教...