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centos7搭建lnmp环境

一、系统环境

1 2	`[root@server01 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release` `CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)`

二、安装MySQL nginx和PHP

添加MySQL和PHP yum源
rpm -ivh https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/epel-release.rpm
rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
 
查看yum源中是否有MySQL安装包
yum repolist all | grep mysql
 
安装管理工具
yum install -y yum-utils
 
禁用MySQL8.0
yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community
 
启用 mysql 5.7
yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community
 
查看可安装的PHP（yum list php72w*可以把能够安装的php扩展列出来，根据自己需要安装即可。）
yum list php72w*
 
安装PHP、MySQL和nginx
yum install -y  nginx mysql-community-server php72w php72w-cli php72w-common php72w-fpm php72w-mysqlnd
 
查看安装的PHP 版本
[root@server01 ~]# php -v
PHP 7.2.34 (cli) (built: Jun  7 2023 11:23:34) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies
 
查看安装的nginx版本
[root@server01 ~]# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.20.1
 
查看安装的MySQL版本
[root@server01 ~]# mysql --version
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.42, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

三、启动服务并设为开机自启

[root@server01 ~]# systemctl start nginx
[root@server01 ~]# systemctl enable nginx
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
 
[root@server01 ~]# systemctl start php-fpm
[root@server01 ~]# systemctl enable php-fpm
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php-fpm.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service.
 
[root@server01 ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@server01 ~]# systemctl enable mysqld<br>

四、防火墙开放相关端口

开放相关端口
[root@server01 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent
success
[root@server01 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
success
[root@server01 ~]# systemctl restart firewalld
 
查看开放的端口
[root@server01 ~]# firewall-cmd --list-all
public (active)
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: ens33 ens34
  sources:
  services: dhcpv6-client ssh
  ports: 80/tcp 3306/tcp
  protocols:
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports:
  source-ports:
  icmp-blocks:
  rich rules:<br>

五、初始化MySQL

由于MySQL从5.7开始不允许首次安装后使用空密码进行登录！为了加强安全性，系统会随机生成一个密码以供管理员首次登录使用，
这个密码记录在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中，使用下面的命令可以查看此密码：[root@server01 ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log|grep 'A temporary password'2023-06-13T15:44:10.189775Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 0kgroQrl:u6a初始化服务# 直接用该密码登陆会要求改密码，最好先进行向导操作
     
# 安全向导
mysql_secure_installation
     
# 输入 root 初始密码，初始密码中有特殊字符时需转义
Enter password for user root:
# 设置新密码，密码太简单会提示错误：Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
New password
# 是否确认修改root密码
Change the password for root
# 是否删除匿名用户
Remove anonymous users
# 是否禁止root远程登录
Disallow root login remotely
# 是否删除test数据库
Remove test database and access to it
# 是否现在刷新权限
Reload privilege tables now
设置简单密码# 查看密码策略
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
     
# 修改密码策略，修改密码检查强度和密码长度就可以
set global validate_password_policy=0;
set global validate_password_length=4;
     
# 修改当前用户密码
ALTER USER USER() IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
# 修改指定用户密码
ALTER user 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';重新加载特权表flush privileges;使用新密码登录在忘记密码的情况下重置密码# 编辑配置文件
vim /etc/my.cnf
# 文件最后添加免密登陆
skip-grant-tables
     
# 重启 mysql 服务
systemctl restart mysqld.service
# 登陆 mysql，不用密码
mysql -uroot

六、配置nginx

配置nginx，把php脚本请求转发到php-fpm。
nginx的配置文件位于/etc/nginx/文件夹下面，nginx会读取conf.d下面的*.conf文件作为用户配置覆盖默认配置文件。这里简单配置了将php脚本请求转发到了php-fpm默认监听的127.0.0.1:9000，更多配置可参考nginx官方文档。

server {
     listen       80;
     listen       [::]:80;
     server_name  _;
     root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
     index index.php index.html;
         location ~ \.php(.*)$ {
             fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
             fastcgi_index  index.php;
             fastcgi_split_path_info  ^((?U).+\.php)(/?.+)$;
             fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
             fastcgi_param  PATH_INFO  $fastcgi_path_info;
             fastcgi_param  PATH_TRANSLATED  $document_root$fastcgi_path_info;
             include        fastcgi_params;
     }
     # Load configuration files for the default server block.
     include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
 
     error_page 404 /404.html;
     location = /404.html {
     }
 
     error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
     location = /50x.html {
     }
 }