使用binfmt_misc和QEMU编写跨架构容器

经过“非常简单”的开发过程，咱终于把binfmt_misc支持加入了ruri新版本中：

 17 files changed, 562 insertions(+), 60 deletions(-)

可以看到修改并不多，嗯。（心虚）
好了我们还是来讲讲binfmt_misc的应用吧：

简介：

binfmt_misc是一个内核级别的除对标准同架构ELF以及#!开头的脚本外的可执行文件进行exec(2)的支持，需要内核开启CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC。
需要注意的是binfmt_misc只是将某个支持的可执行文件配置为打开另一种不受支持的格式的文件的解释器，以做到扩展其他格式可执行文件支持。
那么它有什么用呢？
如果我们需要在aarch64的平台上打开一个x86_64的ELF文件，我们需要：

qemu-x86_64-static a-x86-64-elf-binary

但如果我们将$(which qemu-x86_64-static)注册为x86_64 ELF格式的解释器，我们就可以直接运行：

a-x86-64-elf-binary

这对于跨架构容器尤为重要，因为这样就可以直接执行命令了。

挂载binfmt_misc接口:

内核默认是不会挂载它的接口的，需要手动挂载这个不知为何被设置为单独一种fs的接口：

mount("binfmt_misc", "/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc", "binfmt_misc", 0, NULL);

当然如果你用的是shell命令：

mount -t binfmt_misc binfmt_misc /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc

注册一个文件格式：

向/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register写入如下数据：

:name:type:offset:magic:mask:interpreter:flags

其中各项字段的含义：

name：名字随便取，不能重复，在注册后binfmt_misc文件系统下会出现同名的文件
type：如何识别文件类型，E是基于扩展名，M是基于文件头的magic number
offset：在M模式时，magic number的偏移量
magic：M格式下表示文件格式的magic number，E模式表示扩展名
mask：掩码，用于与magic进行&运算
interpeter：解释器，用绝对路径，chroot(2)后要用容器里的绝对路径
flags：P保留原始argv[0]，O咱看不懂，C包含文件权限，F在容器里用，立即打开文件

编写代码：

好了我们已经充分了解了binfmt_misc的配置与使用，是时候开始写代码了：
首先我们需要各种ELF的magic和mask信息（从qemu的配置里可以找到）：

/* ELF magic header and mask for binfmt_misc & QEMU. */
#define aarch64_magic        "\\x7f\\x45\\x4c\\x46\\x02\\x01\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\xb7\\x00"
#define alpha_magic          "\\x7f\\x45\\x4c\\x46\\x02\\x01\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x26\\x90"
#define arm_magic            "\\x7f\\x45\\x4c\\x46\\x01\\x01\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x28\\x00"
#define armeb_magic          "\\x7f\\x45\\x4c\\x46\\x01\\x02\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x28"
#define cris_magic           "\\x7f\\x45\\x4c\\x46\\x01\\x01\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x4c\\x00"
#define hexagon_magic        "\\x7fELF\\x01\\x01\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\xa4\\x00"
#define hppa_magic           "\\x7f\\x45\\x4c\\x46\\x01\\x02\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x0f"
#define i386_magic           "\\x7f\\x45\\x4c\\x46\\x01\\x01\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x03\\x00"
#define loongarch64_magic    "\\x7fELF\\x02\\x01\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x02\\x01"
#define m68k_magic           "\\x7f\\x45\\x4c\\x46\\x01\\x02\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x04"
#define microblaze_magic     "\\x7f\\x45\\x4c\\x46\\x01\\x02\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\xba\\xab"
#define mips_magic           "\\x7fELF\\x01\\x02\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x08\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00"
#define mips64_magic         "\\x7f\\x45\\x4c\\x46\\x02\\x02\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x08"
#define mips64el_magic       "\\x7f\\x45\\x4c\\x46\\x02\\x01\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x08\\x00"
#define mipsel_magic         "\\x7fELF\\x01\\x01\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x08\\x00\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00"
#define mipsn32_magic        "\\x7fELF\\x01\\x02\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x08\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x20"
#define mipsn32el_magic      "\\x7fELF\\x01\\x01\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x08\\x00\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x20\\x00\\x00\\x00"
#define ppc_magic            "\\x7f\\x45\\x4c\\x46\\x01\\x02\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x14"
#define ppc64_magic          "\\x7f\\x45\\x4c\\x46\\x02\\x02\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x15"
#define ppc64le_magic        "\\x7f\\x45\\x4c\\x46\\x02\\x01\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x15\\x00"
#define riscv32_magic        "\\x7f\\x45\\x4c\\x46\\x01\\x01\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\xf3\\x00"
#define riscv64_magic        "\\x7f\\x45\\x4c\\x46\\x02\\x01\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\xf3\\x00"
#define s390x_magic          "\\x7f\\x45\\x4c\\x46\\x02\\x02\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x16"
#define sh4_magic            "\\x7f\\x45\\x4c\\x46\\x01\\x01\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x2a\\x00"
#define sh4eb_magic          "\\x7f\\x45\\x4c\\x46\\x01\\x02\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x2a"
#define sparc_magic          "\\x7f\\x45\\x4c\\x46\\x01\\x02\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x02"
#define sparc32plus_magic    "\\x7f\\x45\\x4c\\x46\\x01\\x02\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x12"
#define sparc64_magic        "\\x7f\\x45\\x4c\\x46\\x02\\x02\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x2b"
#define x86_64_magic         "\\x7f\\x45\\x4c\\x46\\x02\\x01\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x3e\\x00"
#define xtensa_magic         "\\x7f\\x45\\x4c\\x46\\x01\\x01\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x5e\\x00"
#define xtensaeb_magic       "\\x7f\\x45\\x4c\\x46\\x01\\x02\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x5e"
#define aarch64_mask         "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\x00\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff\\xff"
#define alpha_mask           "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\x00\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff\\xff"
#define arm_mask             "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\x00\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff\\xff"
#define armeb_mask           "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\x00\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff"
#define cris_mask            "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\x00\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff\\xff"
#define hexagon_mask         "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\x00\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff\\xff"
#define hppa_mask            "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\x00\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff"
#define i386_mask            "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xfe\\xfc\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff\\xff"
#define loongarch64_mask     "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfc\\x00\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff\\xff"
#define m68k_mask            "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\x00\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff"
#define microblaze_mask      "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\x00\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff"
#define mips_mask            "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\x00\\x00\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x20"
#define mips64_mask          "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\x00\\x00\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff"
#define mips64el_mask        "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\x00\\x00\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff\\xff"
#define mipsel_mask          "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\x00\\x00\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x20\\x00\\x00\\x00"
#define mipsn32_mask         "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\x00\\x00\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x20"
#define mipsn32el_mask       "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\x00\\x00\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x20\\x00\\x00\\x00"
#define ppc_mask             "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfc\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff"
#define ppc64_mask           "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfc\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff"
#define ppc64le_mask         "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfc\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff\\x00"
#define riscv32_mask         "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\x00\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff\\xff"
#define riscv64_mask         "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\x00\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff\\xff"
#define s390x_mask           "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfc\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff"
#define sh4_mask             "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfc\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff\\xff"
#define sh4eb_mask           "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfc\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff"
#define sparc_mask           "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfc\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff"
#define sparc32plus_mask     "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfc\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff"
#define sparc64_mask         "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfc\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff"
#define x86_64_mask          "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xfe\\xfc\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff\\xff"
#define xtensa_mask          "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\x00\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff\\xff"
#define xtensaeb_mask        "\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\x00\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xff\\xfe\\xff\\xff"

然后是数据结构，基本是一目了然：

// For get_magic().
#define magicof(x) (x##_magic)
#define maskof(x) (x##_mask)
struct MAGIC {
	char *magic;
	char *mask;
};

然后我们需要一个函数让magic/mask和char *格式的cross_arch对应：

// Get ELF magic number and mask for cross_arch specified.
struct MAGIC *get_magic(const char *cross_arch)
{
	struct MAGIC *ret = (struct MAGIC *)malloc(sizeof(struct MAGIC));
	if (strcmp(cross_arch, "aarch64") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(aarch64);
		ret->mask = maskof(aarch64);
	} else if (strcmp(cross_arch, "alpha") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(alpha);
		ret->mask = maskof(alpha);
	} else if (strcmp(cross_arch, "arm") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(arm);
		ret->mask = maskof(arm);
	} else if (strcmp(cross_arch, "armeb") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(armeb);
		ret->mask = maskof(armeb);
	} else if (strcmp(cross_arch, "cris") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(cris);
		ret->mask = maskof(cris);
	} else if (strcmp(cross_arch, "hexagon") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(hexagon);
		ret->mask = maskof(hexagon);
	} else if (strcmp(cross_arch, "hppa") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(hppa);
		ret->mask = maskof(hppa);
	} else if (strcmp(cross_arch, "i386") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(i386);
		ret->mask = maskof(i386);
	} else if (strcmp(cross_arch, "loongarch64") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(loongarch64);
		ret->mask = maskof(loongarch64);
	} else if (strcmp(cross_arch, "m68k") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(m68k);
		ret->mask = maskof(m68k);
	} else if (strcmp(cross_arch, "microblaze") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(microblaze);
		ret->mask = maskof(microblaze);
	} else if (strcmp(cross_arch, "mips") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(mips);
		ret->mask = maskof(mips);
	} else if (strcmp(cross_arch, "mips64") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(mips64);
		ret->mask = maskof(mips64);
	} else if (strcmp(cross_arch, "mips64el") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(mips64el);
		ret->mask = maskof(mips64el);
	} else if (strcmp(cross_arch, "mipsel") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(mipsel);
		ret->mask = maskof(mipsel);
	} else if (strcmp(cross_arch, "mipsn32") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(mipsn32);
		ret->mask = maskof(mipsn32);
	} else if (strcmp(cross_arch, "mipsn32el") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(mipsn32el);
		ret->mask = maskof(mipsn32el);
	} else if (strcmp(cross_arch, "ppc") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(ppc);
		ret->mask = maskof(ppc);
	} else if (strcmp(cross_arch, "ppc64") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(ppc64);
		ret->mask = maskof(ppc64);
	} else if (strcmp(cross_arch, "ppc64le") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(ppc64le);
		ret->mask = maskof(ppc64le);
	} else if (strcmp(cross_arch, "riscv32") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(riscv32);
		ret->mask = maskof(riscv32);
	} else if (strcmp(cross_arch, "riscv64") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(riscv64);
		ret->mask = maskof(riscv64);
	} else if (strcmp(cross_arch, "s390x") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(s390x);
		ret->mask = maskof(s390x);
	} else if (strcmp(cross_arch, "sh4") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(sh4);
		ret->mask = maskof(sh4);
	} else if (strcmp(cross_arch, "sh4eb") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(sh4eb);
		ret->mask = maskof(sh4eb);
	} else if (strcmp(cross_arch, "sparc") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(sparc);
		ret->mask = maskof(sparc);
	} else if (strcmp(cross_arch, "sparc32plus") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(sparc32plus);
		ret->mask = maskof(sparc32plus);
	} else if (strcmp(cross_arch, "sparc64") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(sparc64);
		ret->mask = maskof(sparc64);
	} else if (strcmp(cross_arch, "x86_64") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(x86_64);
		ret->mask = maskof(x86_64);
	} else if (strcmp(cross_arch, "xtensa") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(xtensa);
		ret->mask = maskof(xtensa);
	} else if (strcmp(cross_arch, "xtensaeb") == 0) {
		ret->magic = magicof(xtensaeb);
		ret->mask = maskof(xtensaeb);
	} else {
		error("\033[31mError: unknow architecture: %s\nSupported architectures: aarch64, alpha, arm, armeb, cris, hexagon, hppa, i386, loongarch64, m68k, microblaze, mips, mips64, mips64el, mipsel, mipsn32, mipsn32el, ppc, ppc64, ppc64le, riscv32, riscv64, s390x, sh4, sh4eb, sparc, sparc32plus, sparc64, x86_64, xtensa, xtensaeb\n", cross_arch);
	}
	return ret;
}

最后是binfmt_misc的注册：

static void setup_binfmt_misc(const char *cross_arch, const char *qemu_path)
{
        // Get elf magic header.
        struct MAGIC *magic = get_magic(cross_arch);
        char buf[1024] = { '\0' };
        // Format: ":name:type:offset:magic:mask:interpreter:flags".
        sprintf(buf, ":%s%s:M:0:%s:%s:%s:PCF", "ruri-", cross_arch, magic->magic, magic->mask, qemu_path);
        // Just to make clang-tidy happy.
        free(magic);
        // This needs CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC enabled in your kernel.
        int register_fd = open("/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register", O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
        if (register_fd < 0) {
                error("\033[31mError: Failed to setup binfmt_misc, check your kernel config QwQ");
        }
        // Set binfmt_misc config.
        write(register_fd, buf, strlen(buf));
}

可以看到非常简单。

后记：

后继就是没有后继，散会喵！

posted @   Moe-hacker  阅读(347)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报
相关博文：
·  使用ruri快速构建跨架构chroot容器
·  Re：从零开始的容器安全——ruri开发笔记
·  binfmt_misc
·  容器镜像多架构支持介绍
·  北航操作系统课程lab1实验报告
阅读排行：
· TypeScript + Deepseek 打造卜卦网站：技术与玄学的结合
· 阿里巴巴 QwQ-32B真的超越了 DeepSeek R-1吗？
· 【译】Visual Studio 中新的强大生产力特性
· 10年+ .NET Coder 心语 ── 封装的思维：从隐藏、稳定开始理解其本质意义
· 【设计模式】告别冗长if-else语句：使用策略模式优化代码结构
点击右上角即可分享
微信分享提示
AI IDE Trae