UNIQUEIDENTIFIER做主键(Primary Key)是一件很方便的事情,在数据合并等操作中有不可替代的优势
但是由于普通的GUID的分散性使得如果主键加上聚集索引(Clustered Index)会导致在插入记录时效率大大降低
SQL SERVER 2005中新增了一个NEWSEQUENTIALID的函数,MSDN的解释是:
在指定计算机上创建大于先前通过该函数生成的任何 GUID 的 GUID。
NEWSEQUENTIALID() 不能在查询中引用。
注:即只能做为数据库列的DEFAULT VALUE,不能执行类似SELECT NEWSEQUENTIALID()的语句
只有当计算机没有网卡时,NEWSEQUENTIALID() 生成的 GUID 才在该特定计算机中是唯一的。
注:这句话是错误的,应该是只有只有当计算机有网卡时,生成的GUID才是全球唯一
您可以使用 NEWSEQUENTIALID() 生成 GUID 以减少叶级别索引上的页争用。
但是使用NEWSEQUENTIALID却不是那么一帆风顺
1. 如何获得生成的GUID
如果生成的GUID所在字段做为外键要被其他表使用,我们就需要得到这个生成的值
通常,PK是一个IDENTITY字段,我们可以在INSERT之后执行 SELECT SCOPE_IDENTITY()来获得新生成的ID
但是由于NEWSEQUENTIALID()不是一个INDETITY类型,这个办法是做不到了,而他本身又只能在默认值中使用,不可以事先SELECT好再插入,那么我们如何得到呢?有以下两种方法:
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2. 如何设定DEFAULT VALUE为NEWSEQUENTIALID()
通过UI的方式设定默认值时,由于SQL SERVER 2005的BUG(即使是SP2也没有解决),导致我们设置了默认值为NEWSEQUENTIALID()保存时会出现以下错误:
Warning were encountered during the pre-save validation process, and might result in a failure during save. Do you want to continue attempting to save?
'Table1' Table
-Error validating the default for column 'Id'
有两种方式可以解决:要么直接点Yes,要么通过CREATE TABLE语句来建表。
通过客户端的方式,也可以通过调用windows api产生sequential的guid,虽说可以省去上面提到的两种麻烦,但是经过我测试,效果不是那么好。
我建立了一个表有ID和TIMESTAMP两个字段,用NEWSEQUENTIALID()和客户端两种方法生成记录,并按ID和TIMESTAMP两种方式进行排序。
NEWSEQUENTIALID()版本的结果永远一样。而客户端生成就有一些问题,如果连续运行程序,表现良好,如果间隔一段时间后继续运行,新生成的记录就不一定大于之前生成的记录,而每次间隔之间连续运行的部分,仍然表现良好。
客户端生成sequential guid代码如下
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public static class SequentialGuid
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{
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[DllImport("rpcrt4.dll", SetLastError = true)]
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static extern int UuidCreateSequential(out Guid guid);
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public static Guid NewGuid()
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{
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const int RPC_S_OK = 0;
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Guid guid;
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int result = UuidCreateSequential(out guid);
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if (result != RPC_S_OK)
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{
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throw new ApplicationException("Create sequential guid failed: " + result);
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}
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return guid;
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}
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}
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