Oracle 手动建库

Oracle在创建实例的时候，多数采用的是dbca的形式。。其实手动建库可以提供更大的自由发挥的空间，根据情况进行定制

登录Oracle用户
指定SID（Instance Identifier）
```
 export ORACLE_SID=OCM
```
确保必须的环境变量已经设置，大多数平台上 ORACLE_SID 和 ORACLE_HOME 必须设置
```
 export ORACLE_SID=OCM
 export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
```

选择 DBA 的认证方式

 1. 密码文件： password file
 2. 操作系统认证

在 ORACLE_HOME/dbs 下创建静态参数文件（Initialization Parameter File）也就是initSID文件（Sample Initialization Parameter File）
提前把init文件中的文件夹建好

 替换<ORACLE_BASE>
 db_name='ORCL'
 memory_target=1G
 processes = 150
 audit_file_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>/admin/orcl/adump'
 audit_trail ='db'
 db_block_size=8192
 db_domain=''
 db_recovery_file_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>/flash_recovery_area'
 db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
 diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
 dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'
 open_cursors=300 
 remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
 undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
 control_files = (ora_control1, ora_control2)
 compatible ='11.2.0'

连上实例（Instance）

 1. 密码文件：
 	$ sqlplus /nolog
 	SQL> CONNECT SYS AS SYSDBA
 	如果没有创建口令文件，随意数据密码均能连接
 2. 操作系统认证：
 	$ sqlplus /nolog
 	SQL> CONNECT / AS SYSDBA

创建SPFILE
```
 SQL> CREATE SPFILE FROM PFILE;
```

启动实例到NOMOUNT

 SQL> startup nomount;
 ORACLE instance started.
 
 Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes
 Fixed Size		    2235208 bytes
 Variable Size		  616563896 bytes
 Database Buffers	  444596224 bytes
 Redo Buffers		    5541888 bytes

执行创建数据库的语句（提前建好文件夹）

替换密码sys_password
替换UNDO表空间的名称
CREATE DATABASE ORCL
   USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY sys_password
   USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY system_password
   LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01a.log','/u02/logs/orcl/redo01b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
           GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02a.log','/u02/logs/orcl/redo02b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
           GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03a.log','/u02/logs/orcl/redo03b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
   MAXLOGFILES 5
   MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
   MAXLOGHISTORY 1
   MAXDATAFILES 100
   CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
   NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
   --或者NATIONAL CHARACTER SET UTF8
   --选用NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8会报错
   EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
   DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
   SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
   DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
      DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'
      SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
   DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
      TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf'
      SIZE 20M REUSE
   UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS1
      DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf'
      SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

创建数据字典视图

用 SYSDBA 权限执行
@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
@?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql
用 SYSTEM 用户执行
@?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql

至此数据库安装完毕

查看数据库状态

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;

OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ WRITE

1 row selected.

删除数据库

SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes
Fixed Size                  2235208 bytes
Variable Size             620758200 bytes
Database Buffers          440401920 bytes
Redo Buffers                5541888 bytes
SQL> alter database mount exclusive;

Database altered.

SQL> alter system enable restricted session;

System altered.

SQL> drop database;

Database dropped.

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

通过DBCA创建数据库

登录oracle用户
输入 dbca 进行安装
```
 过程略
```

打开闪回和归档。闪回模式允许我们回到数据库的更早的时刻。

 sqlplus / as sysdba
 alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area' scope=spfile
 alter system set db_recovery_file_desc_size=2G
 SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
 STARTUP MOUNT;
 ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;
 ALTER DATABASE FLASHBACK ON;
 ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

检查设置

 sqlplus / as sysdba
 SELECT NAME, LOG_MODE, FLASHBACK_ON FROM V$DATABASE;

详细参考 oracle 官方文档 -> Oracle Database Administrator's Guide -> Creating and Configuring an Oracle Database -> Creating a Database with the CREATE DATABASE Statement