RMAN配置

$ rman target /        或rman target sys/password@orcl

RMAN> show all;查看系统里所有备份的配置

RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP On;打开控制文件自动备份

RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP clear; 恢复默认

RMAN> backup tablespace users;

RMAN> list backup;

SQL> desc v$backup_set          浏览器中也可以查看

 

自动通道管理：

RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 2;

RMAN> backup tablespace users, example;

$ mkdir /home/oracle/disk1 /home/oracle/disk2

RMAN> configure channel 1 device type disk to destination '/home/oracle/disk1';

RMAN> configure channel 2 device type disk to destination '/home/oracle/disk2';

RMAN> backup tablespace users, example;

恢复默认

RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK clear;

RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL 1 device type disk clear;

RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 device type disk clear;

 

手动通道管理：

RMAN> run {

allocate channel c1 device type disk to destination '/home/oracle/disk1';

allocate channel c2 device type disk to destination '/home/oracle/disk2';

backup tablespace users, example;

或

backup (tablespace users channel c1)(tablespace example channel c2);

}

 

backup section size 500M datafile 1;

 

指定备份格式：

RMAN> backup tablespace users;生成标准备份集

RMAN> backup as compressed backupset tablespace users;生成压缩备份集

RMAN> backup as copy tablespace users;生成镜像文件备份集

RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;查看备份信息

RMAN> list copy of tablespace users;

 

备份的加密：

RMAN备份

                   不归档                                          归档

         online       offline                          online       offline

完全部分完全部分完全部分完全部分

 

shutdown nomount mount open

 

Backup  备份    datafile  数据文件  tablespace表空间  database数据库

 

备份数据文件：

SQL> select file_id, file_name from dba_data_files;

RMAN> backup datafile 4;

RMAN> backup datafile 4, 5;

RMAN> backup datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf';

RMAN> backup tablespace users;

RMAN> backup tablespace users, example;逗号分隔

RMAN> backup database;

RMAN> list backup;

desc v$backup_set，浏览器查看备份

 

增量备份：

RMAN> backup incremental level 0 tablespace users;incremental 增量的  level固定的后面一定要跟上

RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;

SQL> create table t1(x int) tablespace users;

SQL> insert into t1 values (1);

SQL> commit;

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 tablespace users;

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 tablespace users;

SQL> create table t2(x int) tablespace users;

SQL> insert into t2 values (1);

SQL> commit;

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 cumulative tablespace users;

RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;

开启块跟踪：

SQL> alter database enable block change tracking using file '/home/oracle/blk_trk.chg';

需要重新连接会话

SQL> select * from v$block_change_tracking;

SQL> select DATAFILE_BLOCKS, BLOCKS_READ, BLOCKS, USED_CHANGE_TRACKING from v$backup_datafile where INCREMENTAL_LEVEL>0;

SQL> create table t3(x int) tablespace users;

SQL> insert into t3 values (1);

SQL> commit;

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 tablespace users;

SQL> select DATAFILE_BLOCKS, BLOCKS_READ, BLOCKS, USED_CHANGE_TRACKING from v$backup_datafile where INCREMENTAL_LEVEL>0;

SQL> alter database disable block change tracking;                 关闭

 

增量更新：

SQL> create table t1(x int) tablespace users;

SQL> insert into t1 values (1);

SQL> commit;

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag 'update_copy' tablespace users;       第一次创建的是0级备份

RMAN> list copy;              记录time和scn

SQL> insert into t1 values (2);

SQL> commit;

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag 'update_copy' tablespace users;       第2次创建的是1级备份

RMAN> list backup;                   backupset格式

RMAN>recover copy of tablespace users with tag 'update_copy';恢复

RMAN> list copy;              time和scn更新

脚本形式：

RMAN> run {

backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag 'update_copy' tablespace users;

recover copy of tablespace users with tag 'update_copy';

}

 

备份归档日志：

RMAN> list archivelog all;

RMAN> backup archivelog all delete all input;

RMAN>list archivelog all;  查看所有归档日志

RMAN> list backup;

 

备份的维护：

查看：

RMAN> list backup;

RMAN> list copy;

RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;

RMAN> list backup of datafile 4;

RMAN> list archivelog all;

检查备份：

RMAN> delete backup;                      删除备份               report：报告

RMAN> delete copy;

RMAN> list backup;                   list copy;

RMAN> report need backup;            根据策略检查

RMAN> backup tablespace users;

RMAN> report need backup;

RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 2;

RMAN> report need backup;

RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY clear;

RMAN> report obsolete;

删除备份：

RMAN> delete backupset of tablespace users;

RMAN> delete backupset 1234;

RMAN> backup tablespace users;

RMAN> backup tablespace users;

RMAN> show all;

RMAN> delete obsolete;

crosscheck:

RMAN> delete backup;

RMAN> backup tablespace users;

RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;

$ mv /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/…            改名

RMAN> restore datafile 4;                报错

RMAN> crosscheck backup;

RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;                   报废状态

RMAN> list expired backup;

$ mv /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/…             恢复原名

RMAN> crosscheck backup;

RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;                   可用状态

RMAN> delete expired backup;

catalog:

$ cp /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/…             复制

RMAN> delete backup;

RMAN> list backup;                   backupset消失

$ mv /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/…             恢复原名

RMAN> catalog recovery area noprompt;

RMAN> list backup;                   backupset恢复