python中matplotlib的颜色及线条 控制
https://www.cnblogs.com/darkknightzh/p/6117528.html
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_34337272/article/details/79555544
1.设置栅格
(1)使用pyplot api命令
打开栅格:plt.grid(true)
设置栅格格式：plt.grid(color='r', linestyle='--', linewidth=1,alpha=0.3)
(2)使用axes类面向对象命令
#同时设置两坐标轴上的栅格线
ax.grid(color='r', linestyle='--', linewidth=1,alpha=0.3)
#设置X坐标轴上(垂直方向)的栅格线
ax.xaxis.grid(color='r', linestyle='--', linewidth=1,alpha=0.3)
#设置Y坐标轴上(水平方向)的栅格线
ax.yaxis.grid(color='r', linestyle='--', linewidth=1,alpha=0.3)
2.设置axes脊柱(坐标系)
(1)去掉脊柱(坐标系)
ax.spines['top'].set_visible(False) #去掉上边框
ax.spines['bottom'].set_visible(False) #去掉下边框
ax.spines['left'].set_visible(False) #去掉左边框
ax.spines['right'].set_visible(False) #去掉右边框
(2)移动脊柱
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(('data',0))
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
ax.spines['left'].set_position(('data',0))
(3)设置边框线颜色
ax = plt.gca() # 获取当前的axes
ax.spines['right'].set_color('blue')ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
(4)设置边框线宽ax1.spines['left'].set_linewidth(5)
(5)设置边框线型ax.spines['left'].set_linestyle('--')
3.设置背景颜色
(1)设置figure背景颜色
facecolor：背景颜色 edgecolor：边框颜色
plt.figure(facecolor='blue',edgecolor='black')
或
fig=plt.gcf()
fig.set_facecolor('green')
(2)设置axes背景颜色
a = plt.axes([.65, .6, .2, .2], facecolor='k') #pyplot api命令-黑色背景
或者
ax1=plt.gca()
ax1.patch.set_facecolor("gray") #设置ax1区域背景颜色
ax1.patch.set_alpha(0.5) #设置ax1区域背景颜色透明度
(3)修改matplotlib默认参数
plt.rcParams['axes.facecolor']='red'
plt.rcParams['savefig.facecolor']='red'
'-' solid line style '--' dashed line style '-.' dash-dot line style ':' dotted line style
'.' point marker ',' pixel marker 'o' circle marker 'v' triangle_down marker '^' triangle_up marker '<' triangle_left marker '>' triangle_right marker '1' tri_down marker '2' tri_up marker '3' tri_left marker '4' tri_right marker 's' square marker 'p' pentagon marker '*' star marker 'h' hexagon1 marker 'H' hexagon2 marker '+' plus marker 'x' x marker 'D' diamond marker 'd' thin_diamond marker '|' vline marker '_' hline marker
cnames = { 'aliceblue': '#F0F8FF', 'antiquewhite': '#FAEBD7', 'aqua': '#00FFFF', 'aquamarine': '#7FFFD4', 'azure': '#F0FFFF', 'beige': '#F5F5DC', 'bisque': '#FFE4C4', 'black': '#000000', 'blanchedalmond': '#FFEBCD', 'blue': '#0000FF', 'blueviolet': '#8A2BE2', 'brown': '#A52A2A', 'burlywood': '#DEB887', 'cadetblue': '#5F9EA0', 'chartreuse': '#7FFF00', 'chocolate': '#D2691E', 'coral': '#FF7F50', 'cornflowerblue': '#6495ED', 'cornsilk': '#FFF8DC', 'crimson': '#DC143C', 'cyan': '#00FFFF', 'darkblue': '#00008B', 'darkcyan': '#008B8B', 'darkgoldenrod': '#B8860B', 'darkgray': '#A9A9A9', 'darkgreen': '#006400', 'darkkhaki': '#BDB76B', 'darkmagenta': '#8B008B', 'darkolivegreen': '#556B2F', 'darkorange': '#FF8C00', 'darkorchid': '#9932CC', 'darkred': '#8B0000', 'darksalmon': '#E9967A', 'darkseagreen': '#8FBC8F', 'darkslateblue': '#483D8B', 'darkslategray': '#2F4F4F', 'darkturquoise': '#00CED1', 'darkviolet': '#9400D3', 'deeppink': '#FF1493', 'deepskyblue': '#00BFFF', 'dimgray': '#696969', 'dodgerblue': '#1E90FF', 'firebrick': '#B22222', 'floralwhite': '#FFFAF0', 'forestgreen': '#228B22', 'fuchsia': '#FF00FF', 'gainsboro': '#DCDCDC', 'ghostwhite': '#F8F8FF', 'gold': '#FFD700', 'goldenrod': '#DAA520', 'gray': '#808080', 'green': '#008000', 'greenyellow': '#ADFF2F', 'honeydew': '#F0FFF0', 'hotpink': '#FF69B4', 'indianred': '#CD5C5C', 'indigo': '#4B0082', 'ivory': '#FFFFF0', 'khaki': '#F0E68C', 'lavender': '#E6E6FA', 'lavenderblush': '#FFF0F5', 'lawngreen': '#7CFC00', 'lemonchiffon': '#FFFACD', 'lightblue': '#ADD8E6', 'lightcoral': '#F08080', 'lightcyan': '#E0FFFF', 'lightgoldenrodyellow': '#FAFAD2', 'lightgreen': '#90EE90', 'lightgray': '#D3D3D3', 'lightpink': '#FFB6C1', 'lightsalmon': '#FFA07A', 'lightseagreen': '#20B2AA', 'lightskyblue': '#87CEFA', 'lightslategray': '#778899', 'lightsteelblue': '#B0C4DE', 'lightyellow': '#FFFFE0', 'lime': '#00FF00', 'limegreen': '#32CD32', 'linen': '#FAF0E6', 'magenta': '#FF00FF', 'maroon': '#800000', 'mediumaquamarine': '#66CDAA', 'mediumblue': '#0000CD', 'mediumorchid': '#BA55D3', 'mediumpurple': '#9370DB', 'mediumseagreen': '#3CB371', 'mediumslateblue': '#7B68EE', 'mediumspringgreen': '#00FA9A', 'mediumturquoise': '#48D1CC', 'mediumvioletred': '#C71585', 'midnightblue': '#191970', 'mintcream': '#F5FFFA', 'mistyrose': '#FFE4E1', 'moccasin': '#FFE4B5', 'navajowhite': '#FFDEAD', 'navy': '#000080', 'oldlace': '#FDF5E6', 'olive': '#808000', 'olivedrab': '#6B8E23', 'orange': '#FFA500', 'orangered': '#FF4500', 'orchid': '#DA70D6', 'palegoldenrod': '#EEE8AA', 'palegreen': '#98FB98', 'paleturquoise': '#AFEEEE', 'palevioletred': '#DB7093', 'papayawhip': '#FFEFD5', 'peachpuff': '#FFDAB9', 'peru': '#CD853F', 'pink': '#FFC0CB', 'plum': '#DDA0DD', 'powderblue': '#B0E0E6', 'purple': '#800080', 'red': '#FF0000', 'rosybrown': '#BC8F8F', 'royalblue': '#4169E1', 'saddlebrown': '#8B4513', 'salmon': '#FA8072', 'sandybrown': '#FAA460', 'seagreen': '#2E8B57', 'seashell': '#FFF5EE', 'sienna': '#A0522D', 'silver': '#C0C0C0', 'skyblue': '#87CEEB', 'slateblue': '#6A5ACD', 'slategray': '#708090', 'snow': '#FFFAFA', 'springgreen': '#00FF7F', 'steelblue': '#4682B4', 'tan': '#D2B48C', 'teal': '#008080', 'thistle': '#D8BFD8', 'tomato': '#FF6347', 'turquoise': '#40E0D0', 'violet': '#EE82EE', 'wheat': '#F5DEB3', 'white': '#FFFFFF', 'whitesmoke': '#F5F5F5', 'yellow': '#FFFF00', 'yellowgreen': '#9ACD32'}
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt if __name__ == '__main__': x = [20,50,100,150,200,300,400,600,1000] y1=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9] plt.figure(figsize=(8,4.9)) plt.plot(x,y1,label = "$example$",color = 'r',marker = "+",linewidth=1) plt.xlabel("number") plt.ylabel("time") plt.title("-") plt.legend() plt.show()
