RMAN常用命令汇总
1、report命令:
1.RMAN> report schema 报告目标数据库的物理结构;
2.RMAN>report need backup days=3; 报告最近3天没有被备份的数据文件;
3.RMAN> report need backup days 3 tablespace users; 在USERS表空间上3天未备份的数据文件;
4.RMAN> report need backup incremental 3; 报告恢复数据文件需要的增量备份个数超过3次的数据文件;
5.RMAN> report need backup redundancy 2 database; 报告备份文件低于2份的所有数据文件;
RMAN>report need backup redundancy=2;
6.RMAN> report need backup recovery window of 6 days; 报告文件报表的恢复需要超过6天的归档日志的数据文件;
7.RMAN> report unrecoverable; 报告数据库所有不可恢复的数据文件;
8.RMAN> report obsolete redunndancy 2; 报告备份次数超过2次的陈旧备份;
9.RMAN>report obsolete; 报告丢弃的备份;
2、LIST命令:列出备份信息
1、列出数据文件备份集
RMAN> list backup 列出详细备份;
RMAN> list expired backup 列出过期备份;
RMAN> list backup of database; 列出所有数据文件的备份集;
RMAN> list backup of tablespace user01; 列出特定表空间的所有数据文件备份集;
2、RMAN> list backup of controlfile 列出控制文件备份集;
3、RMAN> list backup of archivelog all 列出归档日志备份集详细信息;
RMAN>list archivelog all; 列出归档日志备份集简要信息
4、RMAN> list backup of spfile 列出SPFILE备份集;
5、RMAN> list copy of datafile 5 列出数据文件映像副本;
6、RMAN> list copy of controlfile 列出控制文件映像副本;
7、RMAN> list copy of archivelog all 列出归档日志映像副本;
8、RMAN> list incarnation of database 列出对应物/列出数据库副本;
9、RMAN>list backup summary; 概述可用的备份;
B表示backup
F表示FULL
A表示archive log
0 1表示incremental backup
S说明备份状态(A AVAILABLE X EXPIRED )
10、RMAN>list backup by file 按备份类型列出备份;
按照数据文件备份,归档日志备份,控制文件备份,服务器参数文件备份 列出
3、CROSSCHECK命令:校验备份信息
1、RMAN> crosscheck backup 核对所有备份集;
2、RMAN> crosscheck backup of database 核对所有数据文件的备份集;
3、RMAN> crosscheck backup of tablespace users 核对特定表空间的备份集;
4、RMAN> crosscheck backup of datafile 4 核对特定数据文件的备份集;
5、RMAN> crosscheck backup of controlfile 核对控制文件的备份集;
6、RMAN> crosscheck backup of spfile 核对SPFILE的备份集;
7、RMAN> crosscheck backup of archivelog sequence 3 核对归档日志的备份集;
8、RMAN> crosscheck copy 核对所有映像副本;
9、RMAN> crosscheck copy of database 核对所有数据文件的映像副本;
10、RMAN> crosscheck copy of tablespace users 核对特定表空间的映像副本;
11、RMAN> crosscheck copy of datafile 6 核对特定数据文件的映像副本;
12、RMAN> crosscheck copy of archivelog sequence 4 核对归档日志的映像副本;
13、RMAN> crosscheck copy of controlfile 核对控制文件的映像副本;
14、RMAN> crosscheck backup tag='SAT_BACKUP';
15、RMAN> crosscheck backup completed after 'sysdate - 2'
16、RMAN> crosscheck backup completed between 'sysdate - 5' and 'sysdate -2 '
17、RMAN> crosscheck backup device type sBT;
18、RMAN> crosscheck archivelog all;
19、RMAN> crosscheck archivelog like '%ARC00012.001'
20、RMAN> crosscheck archivelog from sequence 12;
21、RMAN> crosscheck archivelog until sequence 522;
4、DELETE:删除备份
1、RMAN> delete obsolete; 删除陈旧备份;
2、RMAN> delete expired backup; 删除EXPIRED备份
3、RMAN> delete expired copy; 删除EXPIRED副本;
4、RMAN> delete backupset 19; 删除特定备份集;
5、RMAN> delete backuppiece ''d:\backup\DEMO_19.bak'' 删除特定备份片;
6、RMAN> delete noprompt backup 删除所有备份集;
7、RMAN> delete datafilecopy ''d:\backup\DEMO_19.bak'' 删除特定映像副本;
8、RMAN> delete copy 删除所有映像副本;
5、CHANGE命令:改变备份集的状态
1、RMAN> change backupset 22 unavailable 改变备份集状态;
2、RMAN> change datafilecopy ''d:\backup\demo_37.bak'' unavailable 改变映像副本状态;
3、RMAN> change backupset 156 keep forever logs 使备份集156永久保留;
4、RMAN> change backupset 198 keep until ''sysdate+60'' logs 使备份集198保留60天;
5、RMAN> change backupset 156 nokeep 免除备份集156的保留期限;
6、CONFIGURE命令
1显示当前的配置信息
1.01 RMAN> show all;
1.02查询RMAN设置中非默认值:
SQL> select name,value from v$rman_configuration;
2.常用的configure选项
2.01保存策略(retention policy)
configure retention policy to recovery window of 3 days;
configure retention policy to redundancy 3;
configure retention policy clear;
2.02备份优化backup optimization
configure backup optimization on; 打开后,会自动检查哪些归档已经备份过,备份过的就不会备份了
configure backup optimization off;默认关闭,自动备份所有归档文件。
configure backup optimization clear;
2.03默认设备default device type
configure default device type to disk;
configure default device type to stb;
configure default device type clear;
2.04控制文件controlfile
configure controlfile autobackup on;
configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '/cfs01/backup/conf/conf_%F';
configure controlfile autobackup clear;
configrue controlfile autobackup format for device type disk clear;
configrue snapshot controlfile name to '/cfs01/backup/snapcf/scontrofile.snp';
configrue snapshot controlfile name clear;
2.05并行数(通道数) device type disk|stb parallelism n;
configure device type disk|stb parallelism 2;--将disk通道数提升到2;
configure device type disk|stb clear;
configure channel device type disk format 'e/:rmanback_%U';(设置默认备份保存路径)
configure channel device type disk maxpiecesize 100m
configure channel device type disk rate 1200K
configure channel 1 device type disk format 'e/:rmanback_%U';
configure channel 1 device type disk maxpiecesize 100m
2.06生成备份副本datafile|archivelog backup copies
configure datafile backup copies for device type disk|stb to 3;
configure archivelog backup copies for device type disk|stb to 3;
configure datafile|archivelog backup copies for device type disk|stb clear
backup device type disk database
format '/disk1/backup/%U', '/disk2/backup/%U', '/disk3/backup/%U';
2.07排除选项exclude
configure exclude for tablespace 'users';
configrue exclude clear;
2.08备份集大小maxsetsize
configure maxsetsize to 1G|1000M|1000000K|unlimited;
configure maxsetsize clear;
补充:
1、备份安全策略 :
备份集冗余度:该设置通常是由于不经常备份,如果备份集大于3,那么通过report obsolete命令就可以查看过期的备份集,然后通过delete obsolete
可以删除过期的备份集
configure retention policy to redunancy 2
备份集保留天数:配置备份集保留3天,过了三天之后这个备份集就是过期的,不过这个时候不会自动删除过期的备份,与冗余一样,列出 过期,然后删除
configure retention policy to recovery window of 3 days
2、备份优化:默认关闭,比如说一个表空间是只读,那么第二次备份的时候就不会备份那个只读的表空间
configure backup optimization on
3、设置备份集压缩:一般默认等级是“BASIC”,
configure compression algorithm 'BASIC'
配置默认设备类型来使用压缩,并且并行度为2:
configure device type disk backup type to compressed backupset parallelism 2
配置通道:所谓通道:是指由服务器进程发起并控制目标数据库的文件与物理设备之间的字节流。一个通道即为一个会话,一个会话对应于一个服务器进程。
所有的备份和恢复操作都是由RMAN连接的服务器进程完成的,更确切的说:是由通道完成的。通道的分配主要有两种形式:自动分配通道和手动分配通道。
configure channel 1 device type disk format '' ; configure channel 1 device type disk format '' ;
7、CATALOG命令 用于追加备份记录到RMAN资料库中。
1、RMAN> catalog datafilecopy ''d:\backup\user01.bak'';
RMAN>catalog controlfile ''d:\backup\demo.ctl'';
RMAN> catalog archivelog ''d:\backup\demo_25.bak'';
注册副本;
2、RMAN> catalog backuppiece ''d:\backup\demo_40.dbf'' 注册备份片;
3、RMAN> catalog start with ''d:\bak'' 注册特定目录的所有备份文件;
4、RMAN> change datafilecopy ''d:\bak\user01.bak'' uncatalog;
RMAN> change controlfilecopy ''d:\bak\demo.ctl'' uncatalog;
RMAN> change backuppiece ''d:\bak\demo_25.bak'' uncatalog;
注销备份记录
8、FORMAT字符串替代变量:
使用FORMAT参数时可使用的各种替换变量,如下:
%d:数据库名称;
%D:位于该月中的天数(DD);
%M:位于该年中的月份(MM);
%F:一个基于DBID唯一的名称,这个格式的形式为c-IIIIIIIIII-YYYYMMDD-QQ,其中IIIIIIIIII为该数据库的DBID,
YYYYMMDD为日期,QQ是一个1-256的序列;
%n:数据库名称,并且会在右侧用x字符进行填充,使其保持长度为8;
%u:是一个由备份集编号和建立时间压缩后组成的8字符名称。利用%u可以为每个备份集生成一个唯一的名称;
%p:表示备份集中备份片段的编号,从1开始编号;
%c:备份片的拷贝数(从1开始编号);
%U:是%u_%p_%c的简写形式,利用它可以为每一个备份片段(即磁盘文件)生成一个唯一名称,
这是最常用的命名方式;
%s:备份集的号;
%t:备份集时间戳;
%T:年月日格式(YYYYMMDD);s
注:如果在BACKUP命令中没有指定FORMAT选项,则RMAN默认使用%U为备份片段命名。
9、手工同步恢复目录:resync catalog;
posted on 2019-05-13 14:29 Memory_Python 阅读(228) 评论(0) 编辑 收藏 举报