Spring 使用介绍(五)—— AOP(一)

一、简单使用:Hello World实例

1、定义目标类

public interface Hello {
    void sayHello();
}
public class HelloImpl implements Hello {
    @Override
    public void sayHello() {
        System.out.println("hello matt!");
    }
}

2、定义切面支持类

public class HelloAspect {
    public void beforeAdvice() {
        System.out.println("****beforeAdvice");
    }

    public void afterFinnallyAdvice() {
        System.out.println("****afterFinnallyAdvice");
    }
}

3、配置切面

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans  
    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans        
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.2.xsd">  
    
    <!-- 目标类 --> 
    <bean id="hello" class="cn.matt.aop.HelloImpl"></bean>
    
    <!-- 切面支持类 --> 
    <bean id="helloAspect" class="cn.matt.aop.HelloAspect"></bean>

    <aop:config>  
        <!-- 切点 --> 
        <aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* cn.matt.aop..*.*(..))"/>  
        <!-- 切面 -->
        <aop:aspect ref="helloAspect">  
            <aop:before pointcut-ref="pointcut" method="beforeAdvice"/>  
            <aop:after pointcut="execution(* cn.matt.aop..*.*(..))" method="afterFinnallyAdvice"/>  
        </aop:aspect>  
    </aop:config>  
</beans>

4、测试

@Test
public void testSayHello() {
    ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
    Hello hello = context.getBean(Hello.class);
    hello.sayHello();
}

输出:

****beforeAdvice
hello matt!
****afterFinnallyAdvice

 

二、AOP XML配置

AOP定义必须放在<aop:config>标签下,该标签下可以有<aop:pointcut>、<aop:advisor>、<aop:aspect>标签,配置顺序不可变

AOP配置步骤:

1)声明切面支持bean(通过<bean>标签实例化支持类)

2)声明切面,引用切面支持bean(切面由<aop:aspect>标签指定,ref属性用来引用切面支持Bean)

3)声明切入点,有两种方式(注意:切入点也是bean)

  i)使用<aop:pointcut>声明一个切入点Bean,该切入点可被多个切面共享

<aop:config>  
  <aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* cn.javass..*.*(..))"/>  
  <aop:aspect ref="aspectSupportBean">  
     <aop:before pointcut-ref="pointcut" method="before"/>  
  </aop:aspect>  
</aop:config>

  ii)匿名切入点Bean,通过pointcut属性指定

<aop:config>  
  <aop:aspect ref="aspectSupportBean">  
      <aop:after pointcut="execution(* cn.javass..*.*(..))" method="afterFinallyAdvice"/>  
   </aop:aspect>  
</aop:config> 

4)声明通知,有五种:

  i)前置通知  方法调用前调用

  ii)后置返回通知  方法调用后且正常返回时调用

  iii)后置异常通知  方法调用后且抛出异常时调用

  iv)后置最终通知  方法调用后始终调用

  v)环绕通知  可控制方法的执行过程,如决定方法是否执行,什么时候执行,执行时替换方法参数,执行后替换返回值等

注意:当method属性需要指定支持类的某个重载方法时,需要指定参数列表

 

具体实例如下:

目标接口及实现

public interface Hello {
    void sayBefore(String str);
    String sayAfterReturning(String str);
    void sayAfterThrowing();
    void sayAfterFinnally();
    void sayAround(String str);
}
public class HelloImpl implements Hello {
    @Override
    public void sayBefore(String str) {
        System.out.println("sayBefore " + str);
    }

    @Override
    public String sayAfterReturning(String str) {
        System.out.println("sayAfterReturning " + str);
        return "returning";
    }

    @Override
    public void sayAfterThrowing() {
        System.out.println("sayAfterThrowing");
        throw new RuntimeException("test exception!");
    }

    @Override
    public void sayAfterFinnally() {
        System.out.println("sayAfterFinnally");
    }

    @Override
    public void sayAround(String str) {
        System.out.println("sayAround " + str);
    }
}

AOP支持类

public class HelloAspect {
    public void beforeAdvice(String param) {  
        System.out.println("****beforeAdvice " + param);
    } 

    public void afterReturningAdvice(String retVal) {
        System.out.println("****afterFinnallyAdvice " + retVal);
    }
    
    public void afterThrowingAdvice(Exception ex) {
        System.out.println("****afterThrowingAdvice " + ex.getMessage());
    }
    
    public void afterFinnallyAdvice() {
        System.out.println("****afterFinnallyAdvice ");
    }
    
    public Object aroundAdvice(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable {  
        System.out.println("===========around before advice");  
        Object retVal = pjp.proceed(new Object[] {"replace"});  
        System.out.println("===========around after advice");  
        return retVal;  
    }  
}

AOP配置

    <!-- 目标类实例化 --> 
    <bean id="aopHello" class="cn.matt.aop.HelloImpl"></bean>
    
    <!-- aop支持类实例化 --> 
    <bean id="helloAspect" class="cn.matt.aop.HelloAspect"></bean>
    
    <!-- aop配置 --> 
    <aop:config>  
        <aop:aspect ref="helloAspect">  
            <!-- 前置通知(简单) --> 
            <aop:before pointcut="execution(* cn.matt.aop..*.sayHello(..))" 
                                 method="beforeAdvice"/> 
            <!-- 前置通知(复杂) --> 
            <aop:before pointcut="execution(* cn.matt.aop..*.sayBefore(..)) and args(param)" 
                                 method="beforeAdvice(java.lang.String)"   
                                 arg-names="param"/> 
            <!-- 后置返回通知 -->
            <aop:after-returning pointcut="execution(* cn.matt.aop..*.sayAfterReturning(..))"  
                              method="afterReturningAdvice"  
                              arg-names="retVal"    
                              returning="retVal"/> 
            <!-- 后置异常通知 -->
            <aop:after-throwing pointcut="execution(* cn.matt.aop..*.sayAfterThrowing(..))"  
                              method="afterThrowingAdvice"  
                              arg-names="exception"  
                              throwing="exception"/>
            <!-- 后置最终通知 -->
            <aop:after pointcut="execution(* cn.matt.aop..*.sayAfterFinnally(..))"  
                               method="afterFinnallyAdvice"/> 
             <!-- 环绕通知 -->
            <aop:around pointcut="execution(* cn.matt.aop..*.sayAround(..))"  
                                 method="aroundAdvice"/>  
        </aop:aspect>  
    </aop:config> 

测试

public class HelloTest {
    
    private static Hello hello;
    
    static {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
        hello = context.getBean(Hello.class);
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testSayBefore() {
        hello.sayBefore("opjuy");
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testSayAfterReturning() {
        hello.sayAfterReturning("opjuy");
    }
    
    @Test(expected = RuntimeException.class)
    public void testSayAfterThrowing() {
        hello.sayAfterThrowing();
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testSayAfterFinnally() {
        hello.sayAfterFinnally();
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testSayAround() {
        hello.sayAround("around");
    }
}

 

三、AOP注解配置

使用@AspectJ风格的注解配置,首先须添加如下配置: 

<aop:aspectj-autoproxy />  

具体使用步骤如下:

1)使用@Aspect将切面支持类声明为切面,并实例化bean

@Aspect()  
public class Aspect{  
    ……  
}  
<bean id="aspect" class="……Aspect"/>  

2)使用@Pointcut+方法(方法必须是返回void类型)声明切入点

@Pointcut(value="切入点表达式", argNames = "参数名列表")  
public void pointcutName(……) {}

3)声明通知

@Before(value = "切入点表达式或命名切入点", argNames = "参数列表参数名") 
@AfterReturning(value="切入点表达式或命名切入点",  pointcut="切入点表达式或命名切入点",  argNames="参数列表参数名",  returning="返回值对应参数名") 
@AfterThrowing (value="切入点表达式或命名切入点",  pointcut="切入点表达式或命名切入点",  argNames="参数列表参数名",  throwing="异常对应参数名")  
@After (value="切入点表达式或命名切入点",  argNames="参数列表参数名") 
@Around (value="切入点表达式或命名切入点",  argNames="参数列表参数名")  

注意:

i)value和pointcut均可指定切入点表达式或命名切入点,如两者同时指定,则pointcut覆盖value

ii)使用命名切入点时,须指定切入点名及其参数,若无参数,括号也不可省略,如:

  错误:@Before(value = "pointcut1")

  正确:@Before(value = "pointcut1()")

  正确:@Before(value = "pointcut2(param)", argNames = "param")

 

具体实例如下:

目标接口及实现,同xml配置实例

AOP支持类

@Aspect
public class HelloAspect {
    
    // 切点1
    @Pointcut(value = "execution(* cn.matt.aop..*.sayHello(..))")
    public void pointcut1() {}
    
    // 切点2
    @Pointcut(value = "execution(* cn.matt.aop..*.sayBefore(..)) && args(param)", argNames = "param")
    public void pointcut2(String param) {}
    
    // 前置通知(简单)
    @Before(value = "pointcut1()")
    public void beforeAdvice() {
        System.out.println("****beforeAdvice");
    }
    
    // 前置通知(复杂)
    @Before(value = "pointcut2(param)", argNames = "param")
    public void beforeAdvice(String param) {  
        System.out.println("****beforeAdvice " + param);
    } 

    // 后置返回通知
    @AfterReturning(value = "execution(* cn.matt.aop..*.sayAfterReturning(..))", argNames = "retVal", returning = "retVal")
    public void afterReturningAdvice(String retVal) {
        System.out.println("****afterFinnallyAdvice " + retVal);
    }
    
    // 后置异常通知
    @AfterThrowing(value = "execution(* cn.matt.aop..*.sayAfterThrowing(..))", argNames = "ex", throwing = "ex")
    public void afterThrowingAdvice(Exception ex) {
        System.out.println("****afterThrowingAdvice " + ex.getMessage());
    }
    
    // 后置最终通知
    @After(value = "execution(* cn.matt.aop..*.sayAfterFinnally(..))")
    public void afterFinnallyAdvice() {
        System.out.println("****afterFinnallyAdvice ");
    }
    
    // 环绕通知
    @Around(value = "execution(* cn.matt.aop..*.sayAround(..))")
    public Object aroundAdvice(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable {  
        System.out.println("===========around before advice");  
        Object retVal = pjp.proceed(new Object[] {"replace"});  
        System.out.println("===========around after advice");  
        return retVal;  
    }  
}

AOP配置

    <!-- 目标类实例化 --> 
    <bean id="aopHello" class="cn.matt.aop.HelloImpl"></bean>
    
    <!-- aop支持类实例化 --> 
    <bean id="helloAspect" class="cn.matt.aop.HelloAspect"></bean>
    
    <!-- 开启aop注解支持 --> 
    <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/> 

测试,同xml配置实例

 

参考:

第六章  AOP 之 6.1 AOP基础 ——跟我学spring3

第六章  AOP 之 6.2 AOP的HelloWorld ——跟我学spring3

第六章  AOP 之 6.3 基于Schema的AOP ——跟我学spring3

第六章  AOP 之 6.4 基于@AspectJ的AOP ——跟我学spring3

posted @ 2018-04-24 10:39  Matt_Cheng  阅读(235)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报