Spring 使用介绍(三)—— 资源

一、Resource接口

Spring提供Resource接口,代表底层外部资源,提供对底层外部资源的一致性访问接口

public interface InputStreamSource {  
    InputStream getInputStream() throws IOException;  
}
public interface Resource extends InputStreamSource {  
       boolean exists();  
       boolean isReadable();  
       boolean isOpen();  
       URL getURL() throws IOException;  
       URI getURI() throws IOException;  
       File getFile() throws IOException;  
       long contentLength() throws IOException;  
       long lastModified() throws IOException;  
       Resource createRelative(String relativePath) throws IOException;  
       String getFilename();  
       String getDescription();  
}  

 

二、内置Resource实现

1、ByteArrayResource  byte[]数组资源

2、FileSystemResource  文件系统资源

3、ClassPathResource  classpath路径资源

4、UrlResource     URL资源

  • http: new UrlResource(“http://地址”)
  • ftp: new UrlResource(“ftp://地址”)
  • file: new UrlResource(“file:d:/test.txt”)

5、ServletContextResource 代表web应用资源,简化servlet容器的ServletContext接口的getResource操作和getResourceAsStream操作

public class ResourceTest {
    private static void dumpStream(Resource resource) throws Exception {
        if (resource.exists()) {
            InputStream is = resource.getInputStream();
            byte[] bytes = new byte[is.available()];
            is.read(bytes);
            System.out.println(new String(bytes));
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // byte[]数组资源
        Resource resource = new ByteArrayResource("hello world".getBytes());
        
        // 文件系统资源
        //Resource resource = new FileSystemResource("D:\\hello.txt");
        
        // classpath路径资源
        //Resource resource = new ClassPathResource("durid.properties");
        
        // URL资源
        //Resource resource = new ClassPathResource("file:D:\\hello.txt");
        
        dumpStream(resource);
        System.out.println(resource.getURL());
    }
}

 

三、ResourceLoader接口

ResourceLoader接口返回Resource,可作为生产Resource的工厂类

public interface ResourceLoader {  
       Resource getResource(String location);  
       ClassLoader getClassLoader();  
}  

1、ResourceLoader接口实现类:DefaultResourceLoader  通过前缀指定要加载的资源,不指定默认加载classpath资源

    • classpath:path  表示返回ClasspathResource
    • http://path 或 file:path  表示返回UrlResource资源
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    DefaultResourceLoader resourceLoader = new DefaultResourceLoader();
    Resource resource = resourceLoader.getResource("file:D:\\hello.txt");
    
    dumpStream(resource);
    System.out.println(resource.getURL());
}

2、ResourceLoader注入

Spring提供ResourceLoaderAware接口,用于通过ApplicationContext上下文注入ResourceLoader,ResourceLoaderAware是一个标记接口

public interface ResourceLoaderAware {  
   void setResourceLoader(ResourceLoader resourceLoader);  
}  

定义实现类,并实例化为bean

public class ResourceBean implements ResourceLoaderAware {

    private ResourceLoader resourceLoader;

    @Override
    public void setResourceLoader(ResourceLoader resourceLoader) {
        this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
    }
    
    public ResourceLoader getResourceLoader() {
        return this.resourceLoader;
    }
}
<bean class="cn.matt.resource.ResourceBean"></bean>

Spring检测到该接口,会将ApplicationContext注入进去

public static void main(String[] args) {
    ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
    ResourceBean resourceBean = context.getBean(ResourceBean.class);
    System.out.println(resourceBean.getResourceLoader().getClass().getName() );
}

该方式属侵入性,推荐使用自动注入方式(ApplicationContext已实现ResourceLoader ,可根据类型自动注入)

 

四、ResourcePatternResolver接口

1、Ant路径通配符

Ant路径通配符支持?、*、**:

?:匹配一个字符,如“config?.xml”将匹配“config1.xml”;

*:匹配零个或多个字符串,如“cn/*/config.xml”将匹配“cn/javass/config.xml”,但不匹配匹配“cn/config.xml”;而“cn/config-*.xml”将匹配“cn/config-dao.xml”;

**:匹配路径中的零个或多个目录,如“cn/**/config.xml”将匹配“cn /config.xml”,也匹配“cn/javass/spring/config.xml”;

  而“cn/javass/config-**.xml”将匹配“cn/javass/config-dao.xml”,即把“**”当做两个“*”处理。

Spring提供AntPathMatcher来进行Ant风格的路径匹配

public class AntPathMatcherTest {
    private PathMatcher pathMatcher = new AntPathMatcher();
    
    @Test
    public void testQuestionMark() {
        Assert.assertTrue(pathMatcher.match("config?.xml", "config1.xml"));
        Assert.assertFalse(pathMatcher.match("config?.xml", "config.xml"));
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testOneAsterisk() {
        Assert.assertTrue(pathMatcher.match("config-*.xml", "config-dao.xml"));
        Assert.assertTrue(pathMatcher.match("config-*.xml", "config-.xml"));
        Assert.assertTrue(pathMatcher.match("config-**.xml", "config-dao.xml"));

        Assert.assertTrue(pathMatcher.match("/cn/*/config.xml", "/cn/javass/config.xml"));
        Assert.assertFalse(pathMatcher.match("/cn/*/config.xml", "/cn/config.xml"));
    }

    @Test
    public void testTwoAsterisk() {
        Assert.assertTrue(pathMatcher.match("/cn/**/config-*.xml", "/cn/javass/config-dao.xml"));
        Assert.assertTrue(pathMatcher.match("/cn/**/config-*.xml", "/cn/javass/spring/config-dao.xml"));
        Assert.assertTrue(pathMatcher.match("/cn/**/config-*.xml", "/cn/config-dao.xml"));
    }
}

2、ResourcePatternResolver接口定义

public interface ResourcePatternResolver extends ResourceLoader {  
       String CLASSPATH_ALL_URL_PREFIX = "classpath*:";  
       Resource[] getResources(String locationPattern) throws IOException;  
}  

ResourcePatternResolver接口继承自ResourceLoader

PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver为其实现类,默认通过AntPathMatcher进行路径匹配,除支持‘classpath’外,还支持‘classpath*’

1)classpath

a、包含通配符时,可匹配当前项目的多个资源,但无法匹配依赖包中的资源

b、无通配符时,可匹配依赖包中的资源,且仅能匹配一个资源

@Test
public void testResourcePatternResolver() throws IOException {
    ResourcePatternResolver resolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
    
    // 路径包含通配符时,只能匹配当前项目中的资源,但无法匹配依赖包中的资源
    Resource[] resources = resolver.getResources("classpath:META-INF/*.txt");
    Assert.assertTrue(resources.length == 2);
    Resource[] resources2 = resolver.getResources("classpath:META-INF/*.schemas");
    Assert.assertTrue(resources2.length == 0);
    
    // 路径无通配符时,可匹配依赖包中的资源
    Resource[] resources3 = resolver.getResources("classpath:META-INF/spring.schemas");
    Assert.assertTrue(resources3.length == 1);

   // 路径无通配符时,仅能匹配一个资源
   Resource[] resources4 = resolver.getResources("classpath:META-INF/license.txt");
   Assert.assertTrue(resources4.length == 1);
// 路径包含通配符时,通配符前必须指定搜索目录,才能匹配到资源 Resource[] resources5 = resolver.getResources("classpath:*.xml"); Assert.assertTrue(resources5.length == 0);
}

以上示例程序运行的资源目录结构如下:

resource(当前项目)
  |---- spring-context.xml
  |---- META-INF
    |---- license.txt
    |---- license2.txt

spring-beans-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar(依赖包)
  |---- META-INF
    |---- spring.schemas
    |---- license.txt

注意:ResourceLoader.getResource()接口不支持通配符(无论DefaultResourceLoader、PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver)

@Test
public void testResourceLoader() throws IOException {
    ResourceLoader resourceLoader = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
    
    // 存在
    Resource resource = resourceLoader.getResource("classpath:META-INF/license.txt");
    Assert.assertTrue(resource.exists());
    
    // 不存在
    Resource resource2 = resourceLoader.getResource("classpath:META-INF/*.txt");
    Assert.assertFalse(resource2.exists());
}

2)classpath*

'classpath*'可加载当前项目及依赖包下的所有匹配的资源

@Test
public void testResourcePatternResolver2() throws IOException {
    ResourcePatternResolver resolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
    Resource[] resources = resolver.getResources("classpath*:**/*.xml");
    Assert.assertTrue(resources.length > 1);
}

3)file:加载一个或多个文件系统中的Resource,如“file:D:/*.txt”

4)AppliacationContext继承自ResourcePatternResolver,其实现类的构造方法内部使用PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver,因而支持通配符

ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-*.xml");

AppliacationContext的实现类:

  ClassPathXmlApplicationContext  不指定前缀将返回默认的ClassPathResource资源,否则将根据前缀来加载资源

  FileSystemXmlApplicationContext  不指定前缀将返回FileSystemResource,否则将根据前缀来加载资源

  WebApplicationContext:不指定前缀将返回ServletContextResource,否则将根据前缀来加载资源

 

五、注入Resource

1、单个资源

 Spring提供了ResourceEditor(继承自PropertyEditor ),用于在注入的字符串和Resource之间进行转换

2、多个资源

Spring提供了ResourceArrayPropertyEditor(继承自PropertyEditor ),用于在注入的字符串和Resource[]之间进行转换

public class Hello {
    // 单个资源
    private Resource resource;
    
    // 多个资源
    private Resource[] resources;

    public Resource getResource() {
        return resource;
    }

    public void setResource(Resource resource) {
        this.resource = resource;
    }

    public Resource[] getResources() {
        return resources;
    }

    public void setResources(Resource[] resources) {
        this.resources = resources;
    }
}
<bean class="cn.matt.resource.Hello">
    <property name="resource" value="classpath:test.xml" />
    <property name="resources" value="classpath*:**/*.xml" />
</bean>
@Test
public void testResourceInjection() {
    ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
    Hello hello = context.getBean(Hello.class);
    
    // 单个资源
    Resource resource = hello.getResource();
    Assert.assertTrue(resource.exists());
    
    // 多个资源
    Resource[] resources = hello.getResources();
    Assert.assertTrue(resources.length > 1);
}

 

参考:

第四章 资源 之 4.1 基础知识 ——跟我学spring3

第四章 资源 之 4.2 内置Resource实现 ——跟我学spring3

第四章 资源 之 4.3 访问Resource ——跟我学spring3

第四章 资源 之 4.4 Resource通配符路径 ——跟我学spring3

 

posted @ 2018-04-17 13:55  Matt_Cheng  阅读(353)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报