简易django ORM模型如下所示:
#!/usr/bin/env python # encoding: utf-8 """ @version: 1.0 @author: Pis @license: Apache Licence @software: PyCharm @file: orm_test.py @time: 2018/5/9 9:52 """ #1 class Field(object): def __init__(self, name, column_type): self.name = name self.column_type = column_type def __str__(self): return '<%s:%s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.name) #2 class StringField(Field): def __init__(self, name): super(StringField, self).__init__(name, 'varchar(100)') #3 class IntegerField(Field): def __init__(self, name): super(IntegerField, self).__init__(name, 'bigint') #4 # 下一步,就是编写最复杂的ModelMetaclass了: class ModelMetaclass(type): def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs): if name == 'Model': # 排除掉对Model类的修改; return type.__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs) print('Found Model: %s' % name) mappings = dict() for k, v in attrs.items(): # 查找定义的类的所有属性, if isinstance(v, Field): # 如果找到一个Field属性, print('Found mapping: %s ==> %s' % (k, v)) mappings[k] = v # 就把它保存到一个__mappings__的dict中 for k in mappings.keys(): attrs.pop(k) # 同时从类属性中删除该Field属性,否则,容易造成运行时错误(实例的属性会遮盖类的同名属性); attrs['__mappings__'] = mappings # 保存属性和列的映射关系 attrs['__table__'] = name # 假设表名和类名一致 把表名保存到__table__中 return type.__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs) #5 # 基类Model class Model(dict, metaclass=ModelMetaclass): def __init__(self, **kw): super(Model, self).__init__(**kw) def __getattr__(self, item): # 没有找到的属性,就在这里找 try: return self[item] except KeyError: raise AttributeError(r"'Model' object has no attrs :'%s'" % item) def __setattr__(self, key, value): self[key] = value def save(self): fields = [] params = [] args = [] for k, v in self.__mappings__.items(): fields.append(v.name) params.append('?') args.append(getattr(self, k, None)) sql = 'insert into %s (%s) values (%s)' % (self.__table__, ','.join(fields), ','.join(params)) print('SQL: %s' % sql) print('ARGS: %s' % str(args)) # 子类User
#6 # 定义类的属性到列的映射: class User(Model): id = IntegerField('id') name = StringField('username') email = StringField('email') password = StringField('password') age = IntegerField('age')
#7 if __name__ == "__main__": u = User(id=12345, name='john', email='123456789@qq.com', password='666666', height="top") u.age = 12 u.save()
在代码执行过程中,在执行#7之前,首先是class的创建,在没有标明metaclass的情况下默认是由type通过__new__创建class对象,在标明了metaclass的情况下由metaclass的__new__方法创建(关于metaclass 的查找顺序上一篇给出【self,parents,local】),class创建完毕后才开始#7的执行,由于User类没有构造__new__和__init__方法,且User的父类Model继承了dict类,所以当height字段不在User的attrs时依然不会报错,实际上输入任何的关键字参数都不会出错。ORM模型在u.save()时,是通过查找在__new__时__map__中的字段,也就是#6中的(id,name,email,password,age),通过sql语句动态的执行存储操作。