winform窗体this方式和handle(句柄)方式的区别

我们来比较winform窗体的this方式和win32api handle方式实现窗体的最大化、默认窗体、半透明、不透明的区别

1、窗体界面设计

this方式按钮: btnMaxWindow、 btnNormalWindow、btnOpaWindow 、btnOpacityWindow

handle方式按钮: btnMaxWindow1、 btnNormalWindow1、btnOpaWindow1 、btnOpacityWindow1

 

2、使用句柄(handle)

首先在项目中引入所需win32api的函数方法

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         /// <summary>
        /// windowapi 找到指定窗体的句柄函数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="lpClassName">窗体类名</param>
        /// <param name="lpWindowName">窗体标题名</param>
        /// <returns>返回窗体句柄(IntPtr)</returns>
        [DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint = "FindWindow", SetLastError = true)]
        public static extern IntPtr FindWindow(string lpClassName, string lpWindowName);

        /// <summary>
        /// windowapi 通过句柄显示或隐藏窗体函数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="hWnd">窗体句柄</param>
        /// <param name="cmdShow">显示类型(0:隐藏窗体,1:默认大小窗体,2:最小化窗体,3:最大化窗体)</param>
        /// <returns>返回成功或失败</returns>
        [DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint = "ShowWindowAsync", SetLastError = true)]
        public static extern bool ShowWindowAsync(IntPtr hWnd, int cmdShow);

        /// <summary>
        /// 设置窗体透明度属性
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="hwnd">窗体句柄</param>
        /// <param name="crKey">掩码颜色</param>
        /// <param name="bAlpha">不透明度</param>
        /// <param name="dwFlags">透明方式</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
        static extern bool SetLayeredWindowAttributes(IntPtr hwnd, uint crKey, byte bAlpha, uint dwFlags);
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3、比较this和handle的区别

1) 最大化窗体

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        #region  设置窗体最大化(this、handle)
       
        /// <summary>
        /// this方式  设置窗体最大化
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btnMaxWindow_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //设置窗体状态为最大化
            this.WindowState = FormWindowState.Maximized;
            //不显示在任务栏
            this.ShowInTaskbar = false;
            //设置窗体为不可见
           // this.Visible = true;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// handle方式 通过句柄设置窗体最大化
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btnMaxWindow1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //获取窗体句柄
            IntPtr handle = FindWindow(null, "测试窗体");
            if (handle != IntPtr.Zero)
            {
                //通过句柄,最大化窗体
                ShowWindowAsync(handle, 3);
            }
        }

        #endregion
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2)默认窗体

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        #region 设置窗体默认大小(this、handle)

        /// <summary>
        /// this方式 设置窗体默认大小
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btnNormalWindow_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //设置窗体状态为默认大小
            this.WindowState = FormWindowState.Normal;
            //不显示在任务栏
            this.ShowInTaskbar = false;
            //设置窗体为不可见
            //this.Visible = false;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// handle方法  设置窗体默认大小
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btnNormalWindow1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //获取窗体句柄
            IntPtr handle = FindWindow(null, "测试窗体");
            if (handle != IntPtr.Zero)
            {
                //通过句柄,弹出窗体默认大小
                ShowWindowAsync(handle, 1);
            }
        }

        #endregion 
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3)半透明窗体

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        #region 设置窗体为半透明(this、handle)
           
        /// <summary>
        /// this方式 设置窗体透明度为半透明
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btnOpaWindow_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //设置当前窗体为不透明度为0.5
            this.Opacity = 0.5;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// handle方式 设置窗体透明度为半透明
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btnOpaWindow1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //通过win32FindWindow()函数,获取窗体的句柄
            IntPtr handle = FindWindow(null, "测试窗体");
            if (handle != IntPtr.Zero)
            {
                //通过句柄,设置窗体透明度为半透明(第一个参数:窗体句柄;第二参数:掩码颜色;第三个参数:透明度,范围0-255)
                SetLayeredWindowAttributes(handle, 0, 128, 0x00000002);
            }
        }

        #endregion
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4)不透明窗体

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 #region 设置窗体为不透明(this、handle)

        /// <summary>
        /// this方式 设置窗体为不透明
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btnOpacityWindow_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //设置窗体为不透明(0~1)
            this.Opacity = 1;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// handle方式  设置窗体为不透明
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btnOpacityWindow1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //通过win32FindWindow()函数,获取窗体的句柄
            IntPtr handle = FindWindow(null, "测试窗体");
            if (handle != IntPtr.Zero)
            {
                //通过句柄,设置窗体透明度为不透明(第一个参数:窗体句柄;第二参数:掩码颜色;第三个参数:透明度,范围0-255)
                SetLayeredWindowAttributes(handle, 0, 255, 0x00000002);
            }
        }

        #endregion 
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4、完整源码

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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WindowsForms
{

    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// windowapi 找到指定窗体的句柄函数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="lpClassName">窗体类名</param>
        /// <param name="lpWindowName">窗体标题名</param>
        /// <returns>返回窗体句柄(IntPtr)</returns>
        [DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint = "FindWindow", SetLastError = true)]
        public static extern IntPtr FindWindow(string lpClassName, string lpWindowName);

        /// <summary>
        /// windowapi 通过句柄显示或隐藏窗体函数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="hWnd">窗体句柄</param>
        /// <param name="cmdShow">显示类型(0:隐藏窗体,1:默认大小窗体,2:最小化窗体,3:最大化窗体)</param>
        /// <returns>返回成功或失败</returns>
        [DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint = "ShowWindowAsync", SetLastError = true)]
        public static extern bool ShowWindowAsync(IntPtr hWnd, int cmdShow);

        /// <summary>
        /// 设置窗体透明度属性
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="hwnd">窗体句柄</param>
        /// <param name="crKey">掩码颜色</param>
        /// <param name="bAlpha">不透明度</param>
        /// <param name="dwFlags">透明方式</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
        static extern bool SetLayeredWindowAttributes(IntPtr hwnd, uint crKey, byte bAlpha, uint dwFlags);
    

        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            //第一次运行弹出显示在屏幕中间
            this.StartPosition = FormStartPosition.CenterScreen;
        }


        #region  设置窗体最大化(this、handle)
       
        /// <summary>
        /// this方式  设置窗体最大化
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btnMaxWindow_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //设置窗体状态为最大化
            this.WindowState = FormWindowState.Maximized;
            //不显示在任务栏
            this.ShowInTaskbar = true;
            //设置窗体为不可见
           // this.Visible = true;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// handle方式 通过句柄设置窗体最大化
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btnMaxWindow1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //获取窗体句柄
            IntPtr handle = FindWindow(null, "测试窗体");
            if (handle != IntPtr.Zero)
            {
                //通过句柄,最大化窗体
                ShowWindowAsync(handle, 3);
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region 设置窗体默认大小(this、handle)

        /// <summary>
        /// this方式 设置窗体默认大小
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btnNormalWindow_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //设置窗体状态为默认大小
            this.WindowState = FormWindowState.Normal;
            //不显示在任务栏
            this.ShowInTaskbar = false;
            //设置窗体为不可见
            //this.Visible = false;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// handle方法  设置窗体默认大小
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btnNormalWindow1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //获取窗体句柄
            IntPtr handle = FindWindow(null, "测试窗体");
            if (handle != IntPtr.Zero)
            {
                //通过句柄,弹出窗体默认大小
                ShowWindowAsync(handle, 1);
            }
        }

        #endregion 

        #region 设置窗体为半透明(this、handle)
           
        /// <summary>
        /// this方式 设置窗体透明度为半透明
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btnOpaWindow_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //设置当前窗体为不透明度为0.5
            this.Opacity = 0.5;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// handle方式 设置窗体透明度为半透明
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btnOpaWindow1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //通过win32FindWindow()函数,获取窗体的句柄
            IntPtr handle = FindWindow(null, "测试窗体");
            if (handle != IntPtr.Zero)
            {
                //通过句柄,设置窗体透明度为半透明(第一个参数:窗体句柄;第二参数:掩码颜色;第三个参数:透明度,范围0-255)
                SetLayeredWindowAttributes(handle, 0, 128, 0x00000002);
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region 设置窗体为不透明(this、handle)

        /// <summary>
        /// this方式 设置窗体为不透明
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btnOpacityWindow_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //设置窗体为不透明(0~1)
            this.Opacity = 1;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// handle方式  设置窗体为不透明
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btnOpacityWindow1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //通过win32FindWindow()函数,获取窗体的句柄
            IntPtr handle = FindWindow(null, "测试窗体");
            if (handle != IntPtr.Zero)
            {
                //通过句柄,设置窗体透明度为不透明(第一个参数:窗体句柄;第二参数:掩码颜色;第三个参数:透明度,范围0-255)
                SetLayeredWindowAttributes(handle, 0, 255, 0x00000002);
            }
        }

        #endregion      

    }

}
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5、演示窗体顺序

(1)先按this方式的最大化窗体,handle方式恢复默认1

(2)先按handle方式的最大化窗体1,this方式恢复默认

(3)先按this方式的半透明窗体,handle方式不透明窗体1

(4)先按handle方式的半透明窗体1,this方式不透明窗体

 

演示的效图

按了this方式的半透明按钮

 

按钮handle方式不透明按钮1

 

 

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posted @ 2017-12-08 11:31  Net-Spider  阅读(565)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报