winform窗体this方式和handle(句柄)方式的区别
我们来比较winform窗体的this方式和win32api handle方式实现窗体的最大化、默认窗体、半透明、不透明的区别
1、窗体界面设计
this方式按钮: btnMaxWindow、 btnNormalWindow、btnOpaWindow 、btnOpacityWindow
handle方式按钮: btnMaxWindow1、 btnNormalWindow1、btnOpaWindow1 、btnOpacityWindow1
2、使用句柄(handle)
首先在项目中引入所需win32api的函数方法
/// <summary>
/// windowapi 找到指定窗体的句柄函数
/// </summary>
/// <param name="lpClassName">窗体类名</param>
/// <param name="lpWindowName">窗体标题名</param>
/// <returns>返回窗体句柄(IntPtr)</returns>
[DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint = "FindWindow", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern IntPtr FindWindow(string lpClassName, string lpWindowName);
/// <summary>
/// windowapi 通过句柄显示或隐藏窗体函数
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hWnd">窗体句柄</param>
/// <param name="cmdShow">显示类型(0:隐藏窗体,1:默认大小窗体,2:最小化窗体,3:最大化窗体)</param>
/// <returns>返回成功或失败</returns>
[DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint = "ShowWindowAsync", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool ShowWindowAsync(IntPtr hWnd, int cmdShow);
/// <summary>
/// 设置窗体透明度属性
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hwnd">窗体句柄</param>
/// <param name="crKey">掩码颜色</param>
/// <param name="bAlpha">不透明度</param>
/// <param name="dwFlags">透明方式</param>
/// <returns></returns>
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
static extern bool SetLayeredWindowAttributes(IntPtr hwnd, uint crKey, byte bAlpha, uint dwFlags);
3、比较this和handle的区别
1) 最大化窗体
#region 设置窗体最大化(this、handle)
/// <summary>
/// this方式 设置窗体最大化
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btnMaxWindow_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//设置窗体状态为最大化
this.WindowState = FormWindowState.Maximized;
//不显示在任务栏
this.ShowInTaskbar = false;
//设置窗体为不可见
// this.Visible = true;
}
/// <summary>
/// handle方式 通过句柄设置窗体最大化
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btnMaxWindow1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//获取窗体句柄
IntPtr handle = FindWindow(null, "测试窗体");
if (handle != IntPtr.Zero)
{
//通过句柄,最大化窗体
ShowWindowAsync(handle, 3);
}
}
#endregion
2)默认窗体
#region 设置窗体默认大小(this、handle)
/// <summary>
/// this方式 设置窗体默认大小
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btnNormalWindow_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//设置窗体状态为默认大小
this.WindowState = FormWindowState.Normal;
//不显示在任务栏
this.ShowInTaskbar = false;
//设置窗体为不可见
//this.Visible = false;
}
/// <summary>
/// handle方法 设置窗体默认大小
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btnNormalWindow1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//获取窗体句柄
IntPtr handle = FindWindow(null, "测试窗体");
if (handle != IntPtr.Zero)
{
//通过句柄,弹出窗体默认大小
ShowWindowAsync(handle, 1);
}
}
#endregion
3)半透明窗体
#region 设置窗体为半透明(this、handle)
/// <summary>
/// this方式 设置窗体透明度为半透明
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btnOpaWindow_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//设置当前窗体为不透明度为0.5
this.Opacity = 0.5;
}
/// <summary>
/// handle方式 设置窗体透明度为半透明
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btnOpaWindow1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//通过win32FindWindow()函数,获取窗体的句柄
IntPtr handle = FindWindow(null, "测试窗体");
if (handle != IntPtr.Zero)
{
//通过句柄,设置窗体透明度为半透明(第一个参数:窗体句柄;第二参数:掩码颜色;第三个参数:透明度,范围0-255)
SetLayeredWindowAttributes(handle, 0, 128, 0x00000002);
}
}
#endregion
4)不透明窗体
#region 设置窗体为不透明(this、handle)
/// <summary>
/// this方式 设置窗体为不透明
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btnOpacityWindow_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//设置窗体为不透明(0~1)
this.Opacity = 1;
}
/// <summary>
/// handle方式 设置窗体为不透明
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btnOpacityWindow1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//通过win32FindWindow()函数,获取窗体的句柄
IntPtr handle = FindWindow(null, "测试窗体");
if (handle != IntPtr.Zero)
{
//通过句柄,设置窗体透明度为不透明(第一个参数:窗体句柄;第二参数:掩码颜色;第三个参数:透明度,范围0-255)
SetLayeredWindowAttributes(handle, 0, 255, 0x00000002);
}
}
#endregion
4、完整源码
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace WindowsForms
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
/// <summary>
/// windowapi 找到指定窗体的句柄函数
/// </summary>
/// <param name="lpClassName">窗体类名</param>
/// <param name="lpWindowName">窗体标题名</param>
/// <returns>返回窗体句柄(IntPtr)</returns>
[DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint = "FindWindow", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern IntPtr FindWindow(string lpClassName, string lpWindowName);
/// <summary>
/// windowapi 通过句柄显示或隐藏窗体函数
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hWnd">窗体句柄</param>
/// <param name="cmdShow">显示类型(0:隐藏窗体,1:默认大小窗体,2:最小化窗体,3:最大化窗体)</param>
/// <returns>返回成功或失败</returns>
[DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint = "ShowWindowAsync", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool ShowWindowAsync(IntPtr hWnd, int cmdShow);
/// <summary>
/// 设置窗体透明度属性
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hwnd">窗体句柄</param>
/// <param name="crKey">掩码颜色</param>
/// <param name="bAlpha">不透明度</param>
/// <param name="dwFlags">透明方式</param>
/// <returns></returns>
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
static extern bool SetLayeredWindowAttributes(IntPtr hwnd, uint crKey, byte bAlpha, uint dwFlags);
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
//第一次运行弹出显示在屏幕中间
this.StartPosition = FormStartPosition.CenterScreen;
}
#region 设置窗体最大化(this、handle)
/// <summary>
/// this方式 设置窗体最大化
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btnMaxWindow_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//设置窗体状态为最大化
this.WindowState = FormWindowState.Maximized;
//不显示在任务栏
this.ShowInTaskbar = true;
//设置窗体为不可见
// this.Visible = true;
}
/// <summary>
/// handle方式 通过句柄设置窗体最大化
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btnMaxWindow1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//获取窗体句柄
IntPtr handle = FindWindow(null, "测试窗体");
if (handle != IntPtr.Zero)
{
//通过句柄,最大化窗体
ShowWindowAsync(handle, 3);
}
}
#endregion
#region 设置窗体默认大小(this、handle)
/// <summary>
/// this方式 设置窗体默认大小
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btnNormalWindow_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//设置窗体状态为默认大小
this.WindowState = FormWindowState.Normal;
//不显示在任务栏
this.ShowInTaskbar = false;
//设置窗体为不可见
//this.Visible = false;
}
/// <summary>
/// handle方法 设置窗体默认大小
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btnNormalWindow1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//获取窗体句柄
IntPtr handle = FindWindow(null, "测试窗体");
if (handle != IntPtr.Zero)
{
//通过句柄,弹出窗体默认大小
ShowWindowAsync(handle, 1);
}
}
#endregion
#region 设置窗体为半透明(this、handle)
/// <summary>
/// this方式 设置窗体透明度为半透明
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btnOpaWindow_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//设置当前窗体为不透明度为0.5
this.Opacity = 0.5;
}
/// <summary>
/// handle方式 设置窗体透明度为半透明
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btnOpaWindow1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//通过win32FindWindow()函数,获取窗体的句柄
IntPtr handle = FindWindow(null, "测试窗体");
if (handle != IntPtr.Zero)
{
//通过句柄,设置窗体透明度为半透明(第一个参数:窗体句柄;第二参数:掩码颜色;第三个参数:透明度,范围0-255)
SetLayeredWindowAttributes(handle, 0, 128, 0x00000002);
}
}
#endregion
#region 设置窗体为不透明(this、handle)
/// <summary>
/// this方式 设置窗体为不透明
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btnOpacityWindow_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//设置窗体为不透明(0~1)
this.Opacity = 1;
}
/// <summary>
/// handle方式 设置窗体为不透明
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btnOpacityWindow1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//通过win32FindWindow()函数,获取窗体的句柄
IntPtr handle = FindWindow(null, "测试窗体");
if (handle != IntPtr.Zero)
{
//通过句柄,设置窗体透明度为不透明(第一个参数:窗体句柄;第二参数:掩码颜色;第三个参数:透明度,范围0-255)
SetLayeredWindowAttributes(handle, 0, 255, 0x00000002);
}
}
#endregion
}
}
5、演示窗体顺序
(1)先按this方式的最大化窗体,handle方式恢复默认1
(2)先按handle方式的最大化窗体1,this方式恢复默认
(3)先按this方式的半透明窗体,handle方式不透明窗体1
(4)先按handle方式的半透明窗体1,this方式不透明窗体
演示的效图
按了this方式的半透明按钮
按钮handle方式不透明按钮1
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