Django REST Framework

Django REST框架用于快速构建前后端分离的WebAPI的工具包。

简单使用

1.安装依赖

pip install djangorestframework
pip install markdown
pip install django-filter

2.创建Django项目

python manage.py startapp Rest

3.在 settings 中的 INSTALLED_APPS 添加 'rest_framework'

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'rest_framework'                         # 增加
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    #'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',                            # 屏蔽
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

4. views.py 文件，并添加如下代码：

from django.shortcuts import render

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response

# Create your views here.
class TestView(APIView):
    # 构造函数
    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        print("init")
        return super().dispatch(request,*args,**kwargs)

    def get(self,*args, **kwargs):
        print("get {}".format(kwargs))
        return Response("get 请求")

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        print("post {}".format(request))
        return Response('POST请求，响应内容')

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        print("put 1")
        return Response('put请求，响应内容')

5.在urls.py文件中添加想要访问的 url，并关联上述 views

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path

from Rest import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path(r'user/',views.TestView.as_view())
]

启动项目,访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/user/?format=api

python manage.py runserver

通过get方式参数传递

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from django.http import JsonResponse

class TestView(APIView):
    # 构造函数
    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return super().dispatch(request,*args,**kwargs)

    # 接收get方式参数传递
    # http://127.0.0.1:8000/user/?format=api&color=red
    def get(self,request, *args, **kwargs):
        ret = {"code":1001, "msg":"Get"}
        ref_data = request.query_params.dict()
        print("获取参数传递: {}".format(ref_data))
        
        return JsonResponse(ret)

使用过滤器

1.安装依赖

pip install djangorestframework markdown django-filter

2.创建Django项目

python manage.py startapp rest

3.在 settings 中的 INSTALLED_APPS 添加 'rest_framework'

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'rest_framework'                         # 增加
	'rest'
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    #'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',                            # 屏蔽
]

APPEND_SLASH=False

在blog的models中，建立我们需要的model

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class UserInfo(models.Model):
    USER_TYPE = (
        (1,'普通用户'),
        (2,'VIP'),
        (3,'SVIP')
    )

    user_type = models.IntegerField(choices=USER_TYPE,default=1)
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=64)

class UserToken(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(UserInfo,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    token = models.CharField(max_length=64)

建表

python .\manage.py makemigrations
python .\manage.py migrate

urls.py增加路由

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path

from django.conf.urls import url
from rest.views import AuthView

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^rest/v1/auth/$', AuthView.as_view())
]

增加views.py视图

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.views import View

from rest import models
import json


def md5(user):
    import hashlib
    import time

    # 当前时间，相当于生成一个随机的字符串
    ctime = str(time.time())

    # token加密
    m = hashlib.md5(bytes(user, encoding='utf-8'))
    m.update(bytes(ctime, encoding='utf-8'))
    return m.hexdigest()


class AuthView(View):

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        ret = {'code': 1000, 'msg': 'success', 'name': '偷偷'}
        ret = json.dumps(ret, ensure_ascii=False)

        return HttpResponse(ret)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        ret = {'code': 1000, 'msg': None}
        try:
            user = request.POST.get('username')
            pwd = request.POST.get('password')
            obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=user).first()

            if not obj:
                # 如果用户第一次登陆则创建用户
                obj = models.UserInfo.objects.create(username=user, password=pwd)
                ret['code'] = 1001
                ret['msg'] = '创建用户成功'

            # 为用户创建token
            token = md5(user)
            # 存在就更新，不存在就创建
            models.UserToken.objects.update_or_create(user=obj, defaults={'token': token})
            ret['token'] = token
        except Exception as e:
            ret['code'] = 1002
            ret['msg'] = '请求异常'
        return JsonResponse(ret)