C# 索引器的应用

C# 索引器分为：普通索引器(下标为数字)，字符串索引器，接口索引器，泛型索引器

1. 普通索引器

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Collections;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class TempRecord
    {
        private float[] temps = new float[10] { 56.2F, 56.7F, 56.5F, 56.9F, 58.8F,
                                            61.3F, 65.9F, 62.1F, 59.2F, 57.5F };
        public int Length
        {
            get { return temps.Length; }
        }
        public float this[int index]
        {
            get
            {
                return temps[index];
            }

            set
            {
                temps[index] = value;
            }
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main()
        {
            TempRecord tempRecord = new TempRecord();
            tempRecord[3] = 58.3F;
            tempRecord[5] = 60.1F;
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
            {
                if (i < tempRecord.Length)
                    Console.WriteLine("Element #{0} = {1}", i, tempRecord[i]);
                else
                    Console.WriteLine("Index value of {0} is out of range", i);
            }
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

2. 字符串索引器

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Collections;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class DayCollection
    {
        string[] days = { "星期一", "星期二", "星期三", "星期四", "星期五", "星期六", "星期日" };
        private int GetDay(string testDay)
        {
            int i = 0;
            foreach (string day in days)
            {
                if (day == testDay)
                    return i;
                i++;
            }
            return -1;
        }
        public int this[string day]
        {
            get
            {
                return (GetDay(day));
            }
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main()
        {
            DayCollection week = new DayCollection();
            Console.WriteLine(week["星期五"]);
            Console.WriteLine(week["星期八"]);
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

3. 接口索引器

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Collections;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    public interface ISomeInterface
    {
        int this[int index] { get; set; }
    }

    class IndexerClass : ISomeInterface
    {
        private int[] arr = new int[100];
        public int this[int index]
        {
            get
            {
                if (index < 0 || index >= 100)
                {
                    return 0;
                }
                else
                {
                    return arr[index];
                }
            }
            set
            {
                if (!(index < 0 || index >= 100))
                {
                    arr[index] = value;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main()
        {
            IndexerClass test = new IndexerClass();
            test[2] = 4;
            test[5] = 32;
            for (int i = 0; i <= 10; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Element #{0} = {1}", i, test[i]);
            }
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

4. 泛型索引器

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Collections;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class SampleCollection<T>
    {
        private T[] arr = new T[100];
        //this 关键字用于定义索引器。
        //索引器不必根据整数值进行索引，自定义决定如何定义特定的查找机制。
        //索引器可以有多个形参，例如当访问二维数组时。
        //索引器可被重载。
        public T this[int i]
        {
            get
            {
                return arr[i];
            }
            set
            {
                arr[i] = value;
            }
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main()
        {
            SampleCollection<string> stringCollection = new SampleCollection<string>();
            stringCollection[0] = "Hello, World";
            Console.WriteLine(stringCollection[0]);
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}