c++中nlohmann json的基本使用教程
摘自:https://www.jb51.net/article/261677.htm
一.json.hpp库下载及安装
1.1 开源地址及引入方法
nlohmann json的开源项目地址,其中有对json使用方法的详细说明:
https://github.com/nlohmann/json#serialization–deserialization
对于我们项目中要使用nlohmann json工具,只需要引入json.hpp这一个文件,其中包含所有接口函数,正如其文档中所述json.hpp文件在single_include/nlohmann目录下,我们只需要下载该文件即可:
git clone https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp
如上图片所示,使用json.hpp文件需要关注两点:
一是:#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>头文件路径的引入,这里将json.hpp文件放到linux系统中的/usr/local/include路径下,这是系统默认头文件路径,在编译时系统会自动查找该路径。我们在/usr/local/include路径下创建/nlohmann/json.hpp,如下图所示:
二是:在编译时需要指定c++11标准,-std=c++11。
1.2demo测试程序
#include <iostream> #include <nlohmann/json.hpp> //引入json.hpp,该文件已经放在系统默认路径:/usr/local/include/nlohmann/json.hpp using namespace std; // for convenience using json = nlohmann::json; int main() { auto config_json = json::parse(R"({"happy": true, "pi": 3.141})"); //构建json对象 cout << config_json << endl; //输出json对象值 return 0; }
编译:
g++ jsontest.cpp -std=c++11
输出结果:
{“happy”:true,“pi”:3.141}
二.nlohmann json基本操作
2.1 由basic value创建json
两种方式创建json对象:赋值构造+直接构造
jsontest.cpp:
#include <iostream> #include <nlohmann/json.hpp> //引入json.hpp,该文件已经放在系统默认路径:/usr/local/include/nlohmann/json.hpp using namespace std; using json = nlohmann::json; // for convenience int main() { //方式一:赋值构造 json j1; j1["name"]="LeBorn Jame";//字符串 j1["number"]=23; //整数 j1["man"]=true; //布尔值 j1["children"]={"LeBorn Jr","Bryce Maximus","Zhuri"};//数组 j1["behavior"]["funny"]="gigigigigigi"; //对象中元素值 j1["wife"]={{"name","Savannah Brinson"},{"man",false}};//对象 //方式二:直接构造 json j2={ {"name","LeBorn Jame"}, {"number",23}, {"man",true}, {"children",{"LeBorn Jr","Bryce Maximus","Zhuri"}}, {"behavior",{{"funny","gigigigigigi"}}}, {"wife",{{"name","Savannah Brinson"},{"man",false}}} }; cout << "j1: "<<j1 << endl; //输出json对象值 cout << "j2: "<<j2 << endl; //输出json对象值 return 0; }
g++ jsontest.cpp -std=c++11
输出如下 j1: {“behavior”:{“funny”:“gigigigigigi”},“children”:[“LeBorn Jr”,“Bryce Maximus”,“Zhuri”],“man”:true,“name”:“LeBorn Jame”,“number”:23,“wife”:{“man”:false,“name”:“Savannah Brinson”}} j2: {“behavior”:{“funny”:“gigigigigigi”},“children”:[“LeBorn Jr”,“Bryce Maximus”,“Zhuri”],“man”:true,“name”:“LeBorn Jame”,“number”:23,“wife”:{“man”:false,“name”:“Savannah Brinson”}}
2.2 由json对象得到basic value
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <nlohmann/json.hpp> //引入json.hpp,该文件已经放在系统默认路径:/usr/local/include/nlohmann/json.hpp using namespace std; using json = nlohmann::json; // for convenience int main() { //构建一个json对象hututu json hututu = { {"name","hututu"}, {"age",18}, {"gender",'m'}, {"score",88.99}, {"location",{"aaa","bbb","ccc"}}, }; //方式一 auto name = hututu["name"].get<std::string>(); //获取“name”对应的value值,并转为string类型 cout<<"name = "<<name<<endl; cout<<"type name = "<<typeid(name).name()<<endl; cout<<"----------------------"<<endl; //方式二 auto location0 = hututu["location"][0].get<std::string>(); auto location1 = hututu["location"][1].get<std::string>(); auto location2 = hututu["location"].at(2).get<std::string>(); cout<<"location0 = "<<location0<<endl; cout<<"location1 = "<<location1<<endl; cout<<"location2 = "<<location2<<endl; return 0; }
输出 name = hututu type name = Ss location0 = aaa location1 = bbb location2 = ccc
2.3 像操作stl container一样操作json value
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <nlohmann/json.hpp> //引入json.hpp,该文件已经放在系统默认路径:/usr/local/include/nlohmann/json.hpp using namespace std; using json = nlohmann::json; // for convenience int main() { //构建一个json对象animalArray json animalArray={"cat","dog"};//定义一个数组类型的json对象 animalArray.push_back("pig");//添加元素 animalArray.emplace_back("duck");//C++11新方式添加元素,减少申请内存 cout<<"animalArray: "<<animalArray<<endl; //使用is_array()函数判断对象类型,使用empty函数判断数量是否为空 if(animalArray.is_array() && !animalArray.empty()) { auto size=animalArray.size(); //使用size函数获取元素数量 cout<<"animalArray size: "<<size<<endl; auto animalLast=animalArray.at(size-1).get<std::string>(); cout<<"animalArray[size-1]: "<<animalLast<<endl; cout<<"/--------------------/"<<endl; } json animalObject={{"kind","dog"},{"height",50}};//定义一个对象类型的json对象 animalObject.push_back({"color","red"});//插入元素 animalObject.erase("kind");//删除键值 cout<<"animalObject: "<<animalObject<<endl; animalObject["height"] = 99; //通过key修改value值 //判断是否含有某个键值方式一 if(animalObject.contains("height"))//通过contains函数判断是否包含某个key { auto height=animalObject["height"].get<double>(); cout<<"方式一:height: "<<height<<endl; } //判断是否含有某个键值方式二 auto size=animalObject.count("height");//通过count函数计算某一个键的数量 if(size>0) { cout<<"方式二:存在height键值"<<endl; } //判断是否含有某个键值方式三 auto iter=animalObject.find("height");//通过find函数查找某个键的迭代器 if(iter!=animalObject.end()) { cout<<"方式三:存在height键值"<<endl; } //遍历输出键值方式1 cout<<"遍历输出键值方式1:"<<endl; for(auto item:animalObject.items()) { std::cout<<item.key()<<" "<<item.value()<<std::endl; } //遍历输出键值方式2 cout<<"遍历输出键值方式2:"<<endl; for(auto iter=animalObject.begin();iter!=animalObject.end();++iter) { cout<<iter.key()<<" "<<iter.value()<<std::endl; } return 0; }
输出结果
animalArray: [“cat”,“dog”,“pig”,“duck”] animalArray size: 4 animalArray[size-1]: duck /--------------------/ animalObject: {“color”:“red”,“height”:50} 方式一:height: 99 方式二:存在height键值 方式三:存在height键值 遍历输出键值方式1: color “red” height 99 遍历输出键值方式2: color “red” height 99
三.json序列化与反序列化
3.1 json value和string
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <nlohmann/json.hpp> //引入json.hpp,该文件已经放在系统默认路径:/usr/local/include/nlohmann/json.hpp using namespace std; using json = nlohmann::json; // for convenience int main() { //反序列化构建json对象,两种方式 json hututu1 = "{\"name\":\"hututu\",\"age\":18,\"score\":88.99}"_json;//方式1,通过"_json"实现反序列化 auto temp = R"({"name":"hututu","age":18,"score":88.99})";//使用原生字符串关键字R来避免转移字符,但这一句并没有序列化,hututu2只保存字符串而已,需要结合方式3实现反序列化 json hututu2 = json::parse(temp);//方式2,通过静态函数"parse"实现反序列化 cout<<"/----------反序列化-----------/"<<endl; cout<<"hututu1 = "<<hututu1<<endl; cout<<"hututu2 = "<<hututu2<<endl; cout<<"/----------序列化-----------/"<<endl; //序列化(Serialization):dump(number),number为打印出的空格数 std::string hututu1_string=hututu1.dump();//animal1值为{"kind":"dog","height":50} std::string hututu2_string=hututu2.dump(4); cout<<"hututu1_string = "<<hututu1_string<<endl; cout<<"hututu2_string = "<<hututu2_string<<endl; return 0; }
输出结果 /----------反序列化-----------/ hututu1 = {“age”:18,“name”:“hututu”,“score”:88.99} hututu2 = {“age”:18,“name”:“hututu”,“score”:88.99} /----------序列化-----------/ hututu1_string = {“age”:18,“name”:“hututu”,“score”:88.99} hututu2_string = { “age”: 18, “name”: “hututu”, “score”: 88.99 }
3.2 json对象和文件输入输出转换
#include <iostream> //文件操作头文件 #include <string> #include <fstream> #include <nlohmann/json.hpp> //引入json.hpp,该文件已经放在系统默认路径:/usr/local/include/nlohmann/json.hpp using namespace std; using json = nlohmann::json; // for convenience int main() { //上述操作适用于istream和ostream的子类,比如我们经常会用到的ifstream和ofstream //从.json文件中读取内容到json对象中 std::ifstream in("./person.json");//打开文件,关联到流in json hututu={"111","222"}; //定义一个json对象为hututu,有初始内容,但是会被覆盖 in>>hututu; //从流in中(也就是./person.json文件)读取内容到json对象中,会覆盖之前内容 in.close(); //关闭文件流in hututu["aaa"]="bbb"; //添加json对象内容 cout << hututu << endl; //输出json对象值 //输出json对象内容到文件中,并生成新的文件 std::ofstream out("./new.json"); //创建文件./new.json,并关联到流out hututu["name"]="new name"; //更改hututu对象的内容 out<<std::setw(4)<<hututu; //输出json对象hututu信息到文件./new.json中,std::setw(4)用于设置增加打印空格 out.close(); //关闭文件流out return 0; }
./person.json文件内容
{ “name”:“hututu”, “age”:18, “gender”:“m”, “score”:88.99 }
执行程序后,输出的json对象内容如下,也就是从./person.json文件中读取的信息:
{“aaa”:“bbb”,“age”:18,“gender”:“m”,“name”:“hututu”,“score”:88.99}
同时在当前目录下生成新的文件./new.json,内容如下所示:
{
“aaa”: “bbb”,
“age”: 18,
“gender”: “m”,
“name”: “new name”,
“score”: 88.99
}
3.3 json value和自定义对象
在自定义对象命名空间中定义两个函数即可像basic value一样进行反序列化和序列化:from_json(const json& j,T& value)、to_json(json& j,const T& value)
#include <iostream> //文件操作头文件 #include <string> #include <nlohmann/json.hpp> //引入json.hpp,该文件已经放在系统默认路径:/usr/local/include/nlohmann/json.hpp using namespace std; using json = nlohmann::json; class person { public: person(){} //默认构造函数 person(string m_name,int m_age,double m_score):name(m_name),age(m_age),score(m_score){}; public: string name; int age; double score; void display() { cout<<"person name = "<<this->name<<endl; cout<<"person age = "<<this->age<<endl; cout<<"person score = "<<this->score<<endl; } }; //定义from_json(const json& j,T& value)函数,用于序列化 //json对象----->class对象 void from_json(const json& j,person& hututu) { hututu.name=j["name"].get<std::string>(); hututu.age=j["age"].get<int>(); hututu.score=j["score"].get<double>(); } //定义to_json(json& j,const T& value)函数,用于反序列化 //class对象----->json对象 void to_json(json& j,const person& hututu) { j["name"]=hututu.name; j["age"]=hututu.age; j["score"]=hututu.score; } // void to_json(json& j, const person& p) // { // j = json{ {"name", p.name}, {"address", p.address}, {"age", p.age} }; // } // void from_json(const json& j, person& p) { // j.at("name").get_to(p.name); // j.at("address").get_to(p.address); // j.at("age").get_to(p.age); // } //main.cpp文件 int main() { person hututu{"hututu",18,88.99};//定义一个person对象为hututu cout<<"/----------to json,方式1:json=class隐式转换-----------/"<<endl; json j1=hututu; //class to json,隐式调用to_json函数 cout<<"j1 = "<<j1<<endl; //输出json对象值 cout<<"/----------to json,方式2:调用to_json函数-----------/"<<endl; json j2; to_json(j2,hututu); //to json,调用to_json函数 cout<<"j2 = "<<j2<<endl; //输出json对象值 cout<<"/----------from json,方式1:调用from_json函数-----------/"<<endl; j1["name"]="new name"; //修改json对象数据 cout<<"new j1 = "<<j1<<endl; //输出json对象值 person hututu_new; from_json(j1,hututu_new); //json---->class hututu_new.display(); //输出person对象内容 cout<<"/----------from json,方式2:调用.get函数-----------/"<<endl; person hututuNew = j2.get<person>();//像basic value一样通过get函数获取值,将其值直接赋值给自定义对象 hututuNew.display(); return 0; }
执行结果:
/----------to json,方式1:json=class隐式转换-----------/
j1 = {“age”:18,“name”:“hututu”,“score”:88.99}
/----------to json,方式2:调用to_json函数-----------/
j2 = {“age”:18,“name”:“hututu”,“score”:88.99}
/----------from json,方式1:调用from_json函数-----------/
new j1 = {“age”:18,“name”:“new name”,“score”:88.99}
person name = new name
person age = 18
person score = 88.99
/----------from json,方式2:调用.get函数-----------/
person name = hututu
person age = 18
person score = 88.99
四.NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE宏的使用
4.1 宏的定义
JSON for Modern C++ 中为方便序列化和反序列化定义了两宏,如下
NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE(name, member1, member2, …) 将在要为其创建代码的类/结构的命名空间内定义。
NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE(name, member1, member2, …) 将在要为其创建代码的类/结构中定义。 该宏还可以访问私有成员。
进一步查看代码:
/*! @brief macro @def NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE @since version 3.9.0 */ #define NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE(Type, ...) \ friend void to_json(nlohmann::json& nlohmann_json_j, const Type& nlohmann_json_t) { NLOHMANN_JSON_EXPAND(NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE(NLOHMANN_JSON_TO, __VA_ARGS__)) } \ friend void from_json(const nlohmann::json& nlohmann_json_j, Type& nlohmann_json_t) { NLOHMANN_JSON_EXPAND(NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE(NLOHMANN_JSON_FROM, __VA_ARGS__)) } /*! @brief macro @def NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE @since version 3.9.0 */ #define NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE(Type, ...) \ inline void to_json(nlohmann::json& nlohmann_json_j, const Type& nlohmann_json_t) { NLOHMANN_JSON_EXPAND(NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE(NLOHMANN_JSON_TO, __VA_ARGS__)) } \ inline void from_json(const nlohmann::json& nlohmann_json_j, Type& nlohmann_json_t) { NLOHMANN_JSON_EXPAND(NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE(NLOHMANN_JSON_FROM, __VA_ARGS__)) }
4.2 宏的使用
可以看出上述的宏主要实现了from_json和to_json两个函数的功能,使用时需要在一个类中调用该宏,并传入(类名,参数1,参数2,参数3…)使用,这样在json对象和class对象之间之间直接赋值可以完成相互转换,具体用法如下:
#include <iostream> //文件操作头文件 #include <string> #include <nlohmann/json.hpp> //引入json.hpp,该文件已经放在系统默认路径:/usr/local/include/nlohmann/json.hpp using namespace std; using json = nlohmann::json; class person { public: string name; int age; double score; void display() { cout<<"person name = "<<this->name<<endl; cout<<"person age = "<<this->age<<endl; cout<<"person score = "<<this->score<<endl; } // 类名,成员1,成员2,成员3 NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE(person, name, age, score); }; //main.cpp文件 int main() { person hututu{"hututu",18,88.99};//定义一个person对象为hututu cout<<"/----------调用宏实现:to json-----------/"<<endl; json j1 = hututu; cout << j1<< endl; cout << j1.dump() << endl; cout<<"/----------调用宏实现:from json-----------/"<<endl; j1["name"]="new name"; person hututu_new = j1; hututu_new.display(); return 0; }
输出结果:
/----------调用宏实现:to json-----------/
{“age”:18,“name”:“hututu”,“score”:88.99}
{“age”:18,“name”:“hututu”,“score”:88.99}
/----------调用宏实现:from json-----------/
person name = new name
person age = 18
person score = 88.99
总结
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