JavaScript Objects

"Everything" in JavaScript is an Object: a String, a Number,  an Array, a Function....

In addition, JavaScript allows you to define your own objects.

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JavaScript Objects

JavaScript has several built-in objects, like String, Date, Array, and more.

An object is just a special kind of data, with properties and  methods.

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Accessing Object Properties

Properties are the values associated with an object.

The syntax for accessing the property of an object is:

objectName.propertyName

This example uses the length property of the String object to find the length  of a string:

var message="Hello World!";
 var x=message.length;

The value of x, after execution of the code above will be: 12

Accessing Objects Methods

Methods are the actions that can be performed on objects.

You can call a method with the following syntax:

objectName.methodName()

This example uses the toUpperCase() method of the String object, to convert a text  to uppercase

var message="Hello world!";
 var x=message.toUpperCase();

The value of x, after execution of the code above will be:

HELLO WORLD!

Creating JavaScript Objects

With JavaScript you can define and create your own objects.

There are 2 different ways to create a new object:

• 1. Define and create a direct instance of an object.
• 2. Use a function to define an object, then create new object instances.

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Creating a Direct Instance

This example creates a new instance of an object, and adds four properties to it:

person=new Object();
 person.firstname="John";
 person.lastname="Doe";
 person.age=50;
 person.eyecolor="blue"; 

Alternative syntax (using object literals):

person={firstname:"John",lastname:"Doe",age:50,eyecolor:"blue"}; 

Using an Object Constructor

This example uses a function to construct the object:

Example

function person(firstname,lastname,age,eyecolor)
 {
 this.firstname=firstname;
 this.lastname=lastname;
 this.age=age;
 this.eyecolor=eyecolor;
 }

The reason for all the "this" stuff is that you're going  to have more than one person at a time (which person you're dealing with must be  clear). That's what "this" is: the instance of the object at hand.

 

Creating JavaScript Object Instances

Once you have a object constructor, you can create new instances of the object, like this:

var myFather=new person("John","Doe",50,"blue");
 var myMother=new person("Sally","Rally",48,"green");

Adding Properties to JavaScript Objects

You can add new properties to an existing object by simply giving it a value.

Assume that the personObj already exists - you can give it new properties named firstname, lastname, age, and eyecolor as follows:

person.firstname="John";
 person.lastname="Doe";
 person.age=30;
 person.eyecolor="blue";

 x=person.firstname;

The value of x, after execution of the code above will be: John

Adding Methods to JavaScript Objects

Methods are just functions attached to objects.

Defining methods to an object is done inside the  constructor function:

 

function person(firstname,lastname,age,eyecolor)
 {
 this.firstname=firstname;
 this.lastname=lastname;
 this.age=age;
 this.eyecolor=eyecolor;

 this.changeName=changeName;
 function changeName(name)
 {
 this.lastname=name;
 }
 }

The changeName() function assigns the value of name to the person's  lastname property.

Eg:

myMother.changeName("Doe");

JavaScript Classes

JavaScript is an object oriented language, but JavaScript does not use classes.

In JavaScript you don’t define classes and create objects from these classes (as  in most other object oriented languages).

JavaScript is prototype based,  not class based.