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DOM世界的观察者

浏览器自带的观察者实在太多了。经典的不用说,就是onclick, attachEvent, addEventListner,可惜它们只是监听用户的行为。不过这当中有个特例是propertychange,当元素的属性,不管是自定义还是原生,只要发生改变,就会触发回调。我们还可以通过它的事件对象的propertyName知道那个元素发生改变。标准浏览器有个弱化版oninput,只能检测value值!

FF则有个__noSuchMethod__,只通在用户调用方法时纠错用。后来,又搞出个逆天的Object.prototype.watch,由于元素节点在FF中也是Object的实例,其威力可想而已。但也有美中不足,我们不知道究竟是哪一个属性发生变化。

但这一状况随着浏览器对setter,getter的强力介入得到改善。早在Firefox 2.0+, Safari 3.0+, Chrome 1.0+ 与 Opera 9.5+,他们就口径一致地添加以下方法,支持这种新语法:

var lost = {
    loc : "Island",
    get location () {
                //这里可以添加回调
        return this.loc;
    },
    set location(val) {
                 //这里也可以搞小动作
        this.loc = val;
    }
};
lost.location = "Another island";

但这种新语法在IE8以下是会报致命错误,连try catch也挡不住,因此对这种兼容性极差的东西,程序员们不埋单,于是浏览器商又推销另一种新产品:

Object.defineProperty(document.body, "description", {
    get : function () {
        return this.desc;
    },
    set : function (val) {
        this.desc = val;
    }
});
document.body.description = "Content container";

著名的例子是在FF模拟outerHTML,不过这东西最终在FF11上实现了。

            if (typeof (HTMLElement) != "undefined" && !window.opera) 
            
                HTMLElement.prototype._____defineGetter_____("outerHTML", function() 
                
                    var a = this.attributes, str = "<" + this.tagName, i = 0; for (; i < a.length; i++) 
                        if (a[i].specified) 
                            str += " " + a[i].name + '="' + a[i].value + '"'
                    if (!this.canHaveChildren) 
                        return str + " />"
                    return str + ">" + this.innerHTML + "<!--" + this.tagName + "-->"
                }); 
                HTMLElement.prototype._____defineSetter_____("outerHTML", function(s) 
                
                    var r = this.ownerDocument.createRange(); 
                    r.setStartBefore(this); 
                    var df = r.createContextualFragment(s); 
                    this.parentNode.replaceChild(df, this); 
                    return s; 
                }); 
                HTMLElement.prototype._____defineGetter_____("canHaveChildren", function() 
                
                    return !/^(area|base|basefont|col|frame|hr|img|br|input|isindex|link|meta|param)$/.test(this.tagName.toLowerCase());  
                }); 
            }

IE自有自己一套算盘,它使用Object.DefineProperty数据描述符实现 setter与getter。不过这东西在IE8有BUG,只能用于元素节点

            Object.defineProperty(document.body, "description", {
                get : function () {
                    return this.desc;
                },
                set : function (val) {
                    this.desc = val;
                }
            });
            document.body.description = "Content container";
 
            // document.body.description will now return "Content container"

但setter,getter就是setter,getter,我们不应该在这里掺和,于是W3C提供了一系列高级的变动事件:

  • DOMAttrModified
  • DOMAttributeNameChanged
  • DOMCharacterDataModified
  • DOMElementNameChanged
  • DOMNodeInserted
  • DOMNodeInsertedIntoDocument
  • DOMNodeRemoved
  • DOMNodeRemovedFromDocument
  • DOMSubtreeModified

这下好了,无论是你是元素做增删改操作,还是元素的孩子们做增删改操作,还是对它的innerHTML或是属性进行增删改操作,它都提供监听。早期jQuery的Sizzle就是利用过DOMAttrModified清查调缓存的。我们可以在这里查到它们的用法。但一个问题是,浏览器商对此不怎么热衷,太复杂了,有太多了,太麻烦了,而且这类事件也不好用JS检测是否支持。

在ecma262v6k ,FF开始推销它的一个好东西,Proxy!它相当于ecma262v5的数据描述符的强化版,但暂时没有其他浏览器商埋单。搞不好像IE8实现setter,getter那样,换个名字上场。

不过像propertychange这样的东西太重要了,老麻烦setInterval太不意思了。现在onhashchange, oninput都出来了,总有人干这事。时代在招唤!MutationObserver终于应运而生!而且MutationObserver是出乎意料的强大,把上面一系列Mutation Event的活都干了,而且出身好了,已列入W3C草案,MDC的文档,FF14说好会支持它,而chrome18已实现了。

DOM MutationObserver – reacting to DOM changes without killing browser performance.给出一个例子实现即时编辑:

<!doctype html>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>mass Framework</title>
        <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>
    </head>
    <body>
 
        <ol contenteditable oninput="">
            <li>Press enter</li>
        </ol>
        <script>
            window.onload = function(){
                var MutationObserver = window.MutationObserver || window.WebKitMutationObserver || window.MozMutationObserver;
                var list = document.querySelector('input');
 
                var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {
                    mutations.forEach(function(mutation) {
                        if (mutation.type === 'childList') {
                            var list_values = [].slice.call(list.children)
                            .map( function(node) { return node.innerHTML; })
                            .filter( function(s) {
                                if (s === '<br>') {
                                    return false;
                                }
                                else {
                                    return true;
                                }
                            });
                            console.log(list_values);
                        }
                    });
                });
 
                observer.observe(list, {
                    attributes: true,
                    childList: true,
                    characterData: true,
 
                });
     
            }
 
        </script>
    </body>
</html>

如果翻看W3C, 我们可以找到更多用法:

<!doctype html>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>mass Framework</title>
        <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>
 
 
    </head>
    <body>
 
        <input value="aaa">
        <script>
            window.onload = function(){
                var MutationObserver = window.MutationObserver || window.WebKitMutationObserver || window.MozMutationObserver;
                var list = document.querySelector('input');
                var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {
                    console.log(mutations)
                    mutations.forEach(function(record) {
                        if(record.attributeName == "value"){
                            console.log(record.target)
                            console.log(record.oldValue)
                        }
                    });
                });
                observer.observe(list, {
                    attributes: true,
                    childList: true,
                    characterData: true,
                    attributeOldValue :true,
                    attributeFilter:["value"]//只监听value属性,提高性能
                });
                list.setAttribute("value","bbb")
                list.setAttribute("value","ccc")
            }
 
        </script>
    </body>
</html>

如此一来我们就可以轻松实现propertychange的功能,也不用趟setter, getter的浑水了。现在它对前端实现MVC非常重要,负责对视图的变化进行监听,再配合已存的事件系统,形成一个密不透风的网,监听与揣测着用户的一举一动,堪比国安局啊,就像每家兰州拉面旁边必有个沙县小吃!

 
 
标签: javascript
posted on 2012-05-28 14:36  HackerVirus  阅读(200)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报