git diff对比文件差异
$ git diff (1):working tree和stage文件的差异
$ git diff --cached (2)stage和commit文件的差异
$ git diff HEAD (3):commit和working tree文件的差异
$ git diff test (1):不是对比当前分支,而是对比test分支
$ git diff HEAD -- ./test (2):对比其中的test文件
$ git diff HEAD^ HEAD (3):对比最近两次提交之间的差异
$ git diff topic master (1):对比topic和master分支的差异
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