用状态机实现串口多字节数据发送

这次设计一个多字节(8-256位)且波特率可更改(通过修改例化模块的参数)的串口发送模块。

1、状态机的设定

image

  • 状态机的设定有空闲、发送、和数据移位三个状态,其中空闲状态为等待多字节发送的信号;
  • 发送状态为给8位串口发送模块传输待发送的8位数据,同时判断是否发送完数据回到空闲状态;
  • 数据移位状态为等到前面8位字节数据发送完后,将接下来待发送的8位数据移动到数据寄存器的低8位中。若数据在发送中则会进行等待;

2、需要的模块

(1)8位串口发送模块

`timescale 1ns / 1ps
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Engineer: Lclone
// 
// Create Date: 2022/12/10 00:21:40
// Design Name: uart_byte_tx
// Module Name: uart_byte_tx
// Project Name: uart_byte_tx
// Description: 8位串口发送模块,波特率可通过参数设置。
// Revision:
// Revision 0.01 - File Created
// Additional Comments:
// 
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////


module uart_byte_tx
    #(
        parameter   TX_BAUD  = 9600,
        parameter   CLK_FQC  = 50_000_000,
        parameter   BAUD_CNT = CLK_FQC/TX_BAUD)
    (
        input       [7:0]   Data,
        input               Send_en,
        input               Clk,
        input               Rst_n,
        output  reg        Uart_Tx,
        output  reg        Tx_done
    );
    


    
    reg   [15:0]   baud_cnt;            
    reg   [ 3:0]   bit_cnt;
    reg            Send_en_r;
    reg            Send_en_rr;
    reg            Tx_flag;
    
    always @(posedge Clk) begin   
        Send_en_r <= Send_en;
        Send_en_rr <= Send_en_r;
    end
       
    always @(posedge Clk or negedge Rst_n) begin
        if(Rst_n == 0)
            Tx_flag <= 0;
        else if(~Send_en_rr & Send_en_r)
            Tx_flag <= 1'b1;
        else if(bit_cnt == 10 - 1 & baud_cnt == BAUD_CNT - 1)
            Tx_flag <= 1'b0;            
    end   
        
    always @(posedge Clk or negedge Rst_n) begin
        if(Rst_n == 0)
            baud_cnt <= 0;
        else if(baud_cnt == BAUD_CNT - 1)
            baud_cnt <= 0;
        else if(Tx_flag)
            baud_cnt <= baud_cnt + 1'b1;
    end
    
    always @(posedge Clk or negedge Rst_n) begin
        if(Rst_n == 0)    
            bit_cnt <= 0;
        else if(bit_cnt == 10 - 1 & baud_cnt == BAUD_CNT - 1)
            bit_cnt <= 0;
        else if(baud_cnt == BAUD_CNT - 1)
            bit_cnt <= bit_cnt + 1'b1;
    end   
    
    always @(posedge Clk or negedge Rst_n) begin
        if(Rst_n == 0)
            Uart_Tx <= 1'b1;
        else if(Tx_flag == 0)
            Uart_Tx <= 1'b1;
        else case(bit_cnt)
            0: Uart_Tx <= 1'b0;
            1: Uart_Tx <= Data[0];
            2: Uart_Tx <= Data[1];
            3: Uart_Tx <= Data[2];
            4: Uart_Tx <= Data[3];
            5: Uart_Tx <= Data[4];
            6: Uart_Tx <= Data[5];
            7: Uart_Tx <= Data[6];
            8: Uart_Tx <= Data[7];
            9: Uart_Tx <= 1'b1;
            default: Uart_Tx <= 1'b1;
         endcase
     end
    
     always @(posedge Clk or negedge Rst_n) begin
        if(Rst_n == 0)
            Tx_done <= 1'b0;
        else if(bit_cnt == 9 & baud_cnt == BAUD_CNT - 1)
            Tx_done <= 1'b1;
        else
            Tx_done <= 1'b0;            
     end
endmodule

3、设计的模块代码

`timescale 1ns / 1ps
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Company: 
// Engineer: 
// 
// Create Date: 2022/12/12 19:14:03
// Design Name: uart_bytes_tx
// Module Name: uart_bytes_tx_3
// Project Name: uart_bytes_tx
// Target Devices: xc7z020clg400-1
// Tool Versions: 2018.3
// Description: 多字节(8-256位)且波特率可更改(通过修改例化模块的参数)的串口发送模块。
// 
// Revision:
// Revision 0.01 - File Created
// Additional Comments:
// 
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////


module uart_bytes_tx_3
    #(   parameter              DATA_WIDTH = 40,               //待发送的数据位宽
         parameter              ROUNDS = DATA_WIDTH/8)         //数据发送的次数(例化时不需要设置)
    (
         input                   Clk,                          //时钟信号
         input                   Rst_n,                        //复位信号
         input [DATA_WIDTH-1:0]  Bytes_data,                   //多字节数据端口
         input                   Send_bytes_en,                //多字节发送使能
         output  reg            Tx_bytes_done,                 //多字节发送结束
         output  wire           Uart_Tx                        //串口发送端口
    );
    

    
    reg             [ 2:0]  state;                             //状态寄存器
    reg   [DATA_WIDTH-1:0]  bytes_data_reg;                    //多字节数据寄存器
    reg             [ 7:0]  data_reg;                          //待发送的8位数据寄存器
    reg                     send_en;                           //8位数据的发送使能
    wire                    tx_done;                           //8位数据的发送结束
    reg             [ 4:0]  rounds;                            //需要发送的次数
    
    uart_byte_tx                                               //串口8位发送模块
  # (   .TX_BAUD            (9600),                            //波特率
        .CLK_FQC            (50_000_000))                      //模块的时钟频率
    uart_byte_tx_inst
    (                          
        .Data               (data_reg),
        .Send_en            (send_en),
        .Clk                (Clk),
        .Rst_n              (Rst_n),
        .Uart_Tx            (Uart_Tx),
        .Tx_done            (tx_done)
        );
        
    always @(posedge Clk or negedge Rst_n) begin //数据寄存
        if(Rst_n == 0)
            bytes_data_reg <= 0;
        else if(Send_bytes_en)
            bytes_data_reg <= Bytes_data;
        else
            bytes_data_reg <= bytes_data_reg;
    end
    
    always @(posedge Clk or negedge Rst_n) begin   //状态机
        if(Rst_n == 0) begin
            state <= 0;
            data_reg <= 0;
            send_en <= 0;
            Tx_bytes_done <= 0;
        end
        
        else case(state)
            0: begin
                if(Send_bytes_en)
                
                    state <= 3'b1;
                
                else begin
                    state <= 0;
                    data_reg <= 0;
                    send_en <= 0;
                    Tx_bytes_done <= 0;
                end
            end
            
            
            1: begin
                if(rounds == ROUNDS) begin
                    Tx_bytes_done <= 1'b1;
                    state <= 0;                    
                end
                
                else begin
                    data_reg <= bytes_data_reg[7:0];
                    send_en <= 1'b1;
                    state <= 3'd2;
                end
                
            end
            
            2: begin
                
                send_en <= 0;
                
                if(tx_done) begin
                    bytes_data_reg <= bytes_data_reg >> 8;
                    state <= 3'd1;
                end
                else
                    state <= 3'd2;
            end
            
        endcase
    end
    
    always @(posedge Clk or negedge Rst_n) begin //发送次数计数
        if(Rst_n == 0)
            rounds <= 0;
        else if(rounds == ROUNDS & state == 1)
            rounds <= 0;
        else if(tx_done)
            rounds <= rounds + 1'b1;    
    end
endmodule

4、仿真验证

(1)仿真激励

`timescale 1ns / 1ps

module uart_bytes_tx_tb();

    reg Clk;
    reg Rst_n;
    reg Send_bytes_en;
    reg [63:0]Bytes_data;
    wire Tx_bytes_done;
    wire Uart_Tx;
    
    uart_bytes_tx_3   
  # (   .DATA_WIDTH             (64))
    uart_bytes_tx_inst
    (
        .Clk                    (Clk),
        .Rst_n                  (Rst_n),
        .Bytes_data             (Bytes_data),
        .Send_bytes_en          (Send_bytes_en),
        .Tx_bytes_done          (Tx_bytes_done),
        .Uart_Tx                (Uart_Tx)
    );
    defparam uart_bytes_tx_inst.uart_byte_tx_inst.BAUD_CNT = 10;
    
    initial Clk <= 1'b1;
    always #10 Clk <= ~Clk;
    
    initial begin
        Rst_n <= 0;
        Bytes_data <= 0;
        Send_bytes_en <= 0;
        #200
        Rst_n <= 1'b1;
        #20
        Bytes_data <= 64'h0123456789abcdef;
        Send_bytes_en <= 1'b1;
        #20
        Send_bytes_en <= 0;
        #20000
        Bytes_data <= 64'hfedcba9876543210;
        Send_bytes_en <= 1'b1;
        #20
        Send_bytes_en <= 0;
        @(posedge Tx_bytes_done)
        #100
        $stop;
    end

endmodule

(2)仿真波形

第一轮发送:
image
两轮发送:
image

posted @ 2022-12-13 22:50  Lclone  阅读(543)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报