简介：
海水是一种由无数海水质点所组成的流体。在外力作用下，海水质点在其平衡点位置附近作周期性运动，这就形成了波浪。波浪是除潮汐外海水的另一种惊心动魄的大规模宏观运动。风越疾、浪越高。大浪滔天时即使万吨巨轮也会随之飘舞。风是引起水面波动的主要外界因素。当风掠过海面时，海水表面因受到空气的摩擦力和大气压力的作用而产生动荡。风速是决定波浪大小的主要因素。一般情况下，风力达到10级以上时，波浪的高度可达12m，相当于四层楼的高度，更有甚者常常高到15m以上。海上常见六七级风，它掀起的波浪也足有3m至6m高。前面提到海水是由质点组成的，风的吹动或者潮汐的运动均会使海水质点相对海平面发生位移现象，从而使波浪具有势能，而海水质点的运动，又会使波浪具有动能。因此，实际上波浪能是海洋表面所具有的动能和势能的总和。波浪的能量与波高的平方、波浪的运动周期以及迎波面的宽度成正比。另外，波浪能的大小还与风速、风向、连续吹风的时间、流速等诸多因素有关。例如，台风产生的巨浪，其功率密度可达每米迎波面数千千瓦。
Seawater is a fluid composed of numerous seawater points. Under the action of external force, the sea water point makes periodic motion near its equilibrium point, which forms waves. Waves are another thrilling large-scale macro movement of seawater besides tides. The stronger the wind, the higher the waves. When the waves are raging, even a 10,000-ton ship will flutter with it. Wind is the main external factor that causes water surface fluctuations. When the wind blows over the sea, the surface of the sea is turbulent due to the friction of the air and the pressure of the atmosphere. Wind speed is a major factor in determining wave size. Under normal circumstances, when the wind power reaches level 10 or above, the height of the wave can reach 12m, which is equivalent to the height of a four-story building, and even more often it is more than 15m high. Six or seven winds are common at sea, and the waves it raises are also 3m to 6m high. As mentioned above, seawater is composed of particles. The blowing of wind or the movement of tides will cause the displacement of seawater points relative to the sea level, so that waves have potential energy, and the movement of seawater points will cause waves to have kinetic energy. Therefore, wave energy is actually the sum of the kinetic and potential energy possessed by the surface of the ocean. The energy of a wave is proportional to the square of the wave height, the period of motion of the wave, and the width of the headwind. In addition, the size of wave energy is also related to many factors such as wind speed, wind direction, continuous blowing time, and flow rate. For example, the huge waves generated by typhoons have a power density of thousands of kilowatts per meter of headwind.
Seawater is a fluid composed of a larege number of seawater points. Under the action of external force, the sea water point makes periodic motion near its equilibrium point, which forms waves.The external force is mainly about wind power. When wind blow over the sea, the wave would come into being, due to the friction of the air and the pressure of the atmosphere.
Evaluate how effectively it contributes towards sustainability
why it is equipped with the capacity of sustainability, because the in the sea, the main wave is wind wave, and the power of wind is come from the sun, thus it is a sustainable energe,
（1）波浪能是一种机械能，是海洋能中质量最好的能源，同时也使其能量转化装置相对简单。
（2）尽管波浪能的能流密度偏低，但蕴藏量大。如太平洋、大西洋东岸中纬度30~40°区域，波浪能可达30~70kW/m，某些地方更高达100kW/m，可以保证可开发利用能源的总量。
（3）冬季可利用的波浪能最大，可以有效缓解该季节能耗巨大的问题。
（4）波浪能是海洋中分布最广的可再生能源，因此波浪能可以成为海上偏远地区的能量来源
The waves in the ocean are mainly wind waves, and the wind energy comes from the sun, so wave energy is a good renewable energy source. According to the survey results of the World Energy Commission, the world's available wave energy reaches 2 billion kW, which is a considerable amount. At the same time, wave energy also ensures its good developability due to the following advantages
(1) Wave energy is a kind of mechanical energy, which is the energy with the best quality in ocean energy, and also makes its energy conversion device relatively simple.
(2) Although the energy flow density of wave energy is low, the reserves are large. For example, in the mid-latitude region of 30-40° on the east coast of the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, the wave energy can reach 30-70kW/m, and in some places it can be as high as 100kW/m, which can ensure the total amount of energy that can be developed and utilized.
(3) The wave energy available in winter is the largest, which can effectively alleviate the problem of huge energy consumption in this season.
(4) Wave energy is the most widely distributed renewable energy in the ocean, so wave energy can become an energy source for remote areas at sea
波浪能发电可分为能量采集系统和能量转换系统两部分。
采集系统的作用是捕获波浪能。其主要形式有：振荡水柱式、振荡浮子式、摆式、鸭式、筏式、收缩坡道式、蚌式等。提高波浪能俘获量的技术有：通过波浪能绕射或折射的聚波技术，通过系统与波浪共振的惯性聚波技术等。
转换系统的作用是把俘获的波浪能转换为某种特定形式的机械能或电能。它由以下几个主要部分组成：空气叶轮、低水头水轮机、液压系统、机械系统以及发电机等。另外，为提高转化效率可采用可控叶片、变阻尼、整流、定压等方法。
按波浪能的利用方式，波浪能发电可大致分为利用波浪能的垂直运动、利用波浪能的水平运动、利用波浪的水压、利用波浪水质点的运动等形式。按波浪能的装置的结构形式可分为振荡水柱式、摆式和聚波式三种装置。按基本原理又可分为利用物体在波浪作用下产生的振荡和摇摆运动、利用波浪压力的变化、利用波浪沿岸爬升时产生的水势能三种方式，而这三种方式也就是我们通常所指的气动式、液动式和蓄水式
Wave power generation can be divided into two parts: energy harvesting system and energy conversion system.
The role of the harvesting system is to capture wave energy. Its main forms are: oscillating water column type, oscillating float type, pendulum type, duck type, raft type, shrinking ramp type, mussel type, etc. Technologies to improve the capture of wave energy include: wave gathering technology through diffraction or refraction of wave energy, inertial wave gathering technology through system resonance with waves, etc.
The role of the conversion system is to convert the captured wave energy into a specific form of mechanical or electrical energy. It consists of the following main parts: air impeller, low head turbine, hydraulic system, mechanical system and generator, etc. In addition, in order to improve the conversion efficiency, methods such as controllable blades, variable damping, rectification, and constant pressure can be used.
According to the utilization of wave energy, wave power generation can be roughly divided into vertical motion utilizing wave energy, horizontal motion utilizing wave energy, utilizing wave water pressure, utilizing wave water quality point motion, etc. According to the structure of the wave energy device, it can be divided into three types: oscillating water column type, pendulum type and wave gathering type. According to the basic principle, it can be divided into three ways: using the oscillation and swaying motion of the object under the action of the wave, using the change of the wave pressure, and using the water potential energy generated when the wave climbs along the coast, and these three ways are what we usually refer to. pneumatic, hydraulic and water storage
referfence:
世界海洋波浪能发电技术研究进展--《装备机械》2010年02期 (cnki.com.cn)
