11_14flask的启动和orm,反向生成model

一。自定义命令。

  在flask中也可以将应用改写成可以使用命令的形式,需要用到模块:

pip install flask-script

  使用关键字manage使得其能使用终端启动:

from flask import Flask
from flask_script import Manager
app = Flask(__name__)
manager=Manager(app)

@app.route("/")
def index():
    return "ok"

  在启动的时候就可以使用以下命令:

python 文件名.py runserver

  使用命令运行函数:

@manager.command
def custom(arg,a):
    print(arg,a)

  运行命令:

python t1.py custom 1 2

  当然,可以自定义命令:

@manager.option('-n','--name',dest='name')
@manager.option('-u','--url',dest='url')
def cmd(name,url):
    print(name,url)

  函数中,每有一个参数,就需要有一个option,第一个参数是别名,第二个参数是详细名,两者都可以用做运行,dest代表绑定的关键字参数。

  运行命令

python t1.py cmd -n lzx -u 111

python t1.py cmd --name lzx --url 111

二。多app应用

  需要导入模块:

from werkzeug.wsgi import DispatcherMiddleware
from werkzeug.serving import run_simple
from flask import Flask
app1 = Flask('app01')
app2 = Flask('app02')

  当这个模块使用时:

@app1.route('/index')
def index():
    return "app01"

@app2.route('/index')
def index2():
    return "app2"
dm = DispatcherMiddleware(app1, {
    '/sec12': app2,
})
if __name__ == "__main__":

    run_simple('localhost', 5000, dm)

  执行方法时run,当页面访问时,需要将dm中的前缀加上才能访问。

三。wtform

  导入模块

pip install wtforms

  使用

from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect
from wtforms import Form
from wtforms.fields import simple
from wtforms import validators
from wtforms import widgets

app = Flask(__name__)

app.debug = True


class LoginForm(Form):
    # 字段(内部包含正则表达式)
    name = simple.StringField(
        label='用户名',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='用户名不能为空.'),
            validators.Length(min=2, max=6, message='用户名长度必须大于%(min)d且小于%(max)d')
        ],
        widget=widgets.TextInput(), # 页面上显示的插件
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
    )
    # 字段(内部包含正则表达式)
    pwd = simple.PasswordField(
        label='密码',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='密码不能为空.'),
            validators.Length(min=8, message='密码长度必须大于%(min)d'),
            # validators.Regexp(regex="^(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*\d)(?=.*[$@$!%*?&])[A-Za-z\d$@$!%*?&]{8,}",
            #                   message='密码至少8个字符,至少1个大写字母,1个小写字母,1个数字和1个特殊字符')

        ],
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
    )



@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        form = LoginForm()
        return render_template('login.html', form=form)
    else:
        form = LoginForm(formdata=request.form)
        if form.validate():
            print('用户提交数据通过格式验证,提交的值为:', form.data)
        else:
            print(form.errors)
        return render_template('login.html', form=form)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

  label代表的是字段前缀,vaildate代表的是校验,widget,代表的是input类型,render_kw,代表的是定义的类或元素。

  template

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录</h1>
<form method="post">
    <p>{{form.name.label}} {{form.name}} {{form.name.errors[0] }}</p>
    <p>{{form.pwd.label}} {{form.pwd}} {{form.pwd.errors[0] }}</p>
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>

  所有的form类型:

from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect
from wtforms import Form
from wtforms.fields import core
from wtforms.fields import html5
from wtforms.fields import simple
from wtforms import validators
from wtforms import widgets

app = Flask(__name__, template_folder='templates')
app.debug = True



class RegisterForm(Form):
    def validate_pwd_confirm(self, field):
    # 钩子函数 """ 自定义pwd_confirm字段规则,例:与pwd字段是否一致 :param field: :return: """ # 最开始初始化时,self.data中已经有所有的值 print(field.data) if field.data !="sb": #raise validators.ValidationError("sb") # 继续后续验证 raise validators.StopValidation("SB") # 不再继续后续验证 # if field.data != self.data['pwd']: # raise validators.ValidationError("密码不一致") # 继续后续验证 #raise validators.StopValidation("密码不一致") # 不再继续后续验证 name = simple.StringField( label='用户名', validators=[ validators.DataRequired() ], widget=widgets.TextInput(), render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}, default='tank' ) pwd = simple.PasswordField( label='密码', validators=[ validators.DataRequired(message='密码不能为空.') ], widget=widgets.PasswordInput(), render_kw={'class': 'form-control'} ) pwd_confirm = simple.PasswordField( label='重复密码', validators=[ validate_pwd_confirm, validators.DataRequired(message='重复密码不能为空.'), #validators.EqualTo('pwd', message="两次密码输入不一致") ],# 判断重复密码 widget=widgets.PasswordInput(), render_kw={'class': 'form-control'} ) email = html5.EmailField( label='邮箱', validators=[ validators.DataRequired(message='邮箱不能为空.'), validators.Email(message='邮箱格式错误') ], widget=widgets.TextInput(input_type='email'), render_kw={'class': 'form-control'} ) gender = core.RadioField( label='性别', choices=( (1, '男'), (2, '女'), ), coerce=int # “1” “2” # 将选择的数据类型变为数字类型 ) city = core.SelectField( label='城市', choices=( ('bj', '北京'), ('sh', '上海'), ) ) hobby = core.SelectMultipleField( label='爱好', choices=( (1, '篮球'), (2, '足球'), ), coerce=int ) favor = core.SelectMultipleField( label='喜好', choices=( (1, '篮球'), (2, '足球'), ), widget=widgets.ListWidget(prefix_label=False), option_widget=widgets.CheckboxInput(), coerce=int, default=[1, 2] ) def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(RegisterForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.favor.choices = ((1, '篮球'), (2, '足球'), (3, '羽毛球')) self.favor.data=[1,] # 设置默认值
      # 可以修改字段中的元素 @app.route('/register', methods=['GET', 'POST']) def register(): if request.method == 'GET': form = RegisterForm(data={'gender': 2,'hobby':[1,]}) # initial
      # 设置默认值 return render_template('register.html', form=form) else: form = RegisterForm(formdata=request.form) if form.validate(): print('用户提交数据通过格式验证,提交的值为:', form.data) else: print(form.errors) return render_template('register.html', form=form) if __name__ == '__main__': app.run()

四。SQLAlchemy

  这是一个基于python的orm框架,可以实现sql语句的操作。其也是由pymysql等数据中间键来操作的。

  安装:

pip3 install sqlalchemy

  (不常用)使用原生sql语句操作数据库。

import time
import threading
import sqlalchemy
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.engine.base import Engine

engine = create_engine(
    "mysql+pymysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/test?charset=utf8",
    max_overflow=0,  # 超过连接池大小外最多创建的连接
    pool_size=5,  # 连接池大小
    pool_timeout=30,  # 池中没有线程最多等待的时间,否则报错
    pool_recycle=-1  # 多久之后对线程池中的线程进行一次连接的回收(重置)
)
def task(arg):
    conn = engine.raw_connection()
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    cursor.execute(
        "select * from app01_book"
    )
    result = cursor.fetchall()
    print(result)
    cursor.close()
    conn.close()

for i in range(20):
    t = threading.Thread(target=task, args=(i,))
    t.start()

  orm使用

  orm需要导入各种数据进行配置

import datetime
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, Text, ForeignKey, DateTime, UniqueConstraint, Index
Base = declarative_base()

class Users(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'  # 数据库表名称
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)  # id 主键
    name = Column(String(32), index=True, nullable=False)  # name列,索引,不可为空
    # email = Column(String(32), unique=True)
    #datetime.datetime.now不能加括号,加了括号,以后永远是当前时间
    # ctime = Column(DateTime, default=datetime.datetime.now)
    # extra = Column(Text, nullable=True)

    __table_args__ = (
        # UniqueConstraint('id', 'name', name='uix_id_name'), #联合唯一
        # Index('ix_id_name', 'name', 'email'), #索引
    )

def init_db():
    """
    根据类创建数据库表
    :return:
    """
    engine = create_engine(
        "mysql+pymysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/aaa?charset=utf8",
        max_overflow=0,  # 超过连接池大小外最多创建的连接
        pool_size=5,  # 连接池大小
        pool_timeout=30,  # 池中没有线程最多等待的时间,否则报错
        pool_recycle=-1  # 多久之后对线程池中的线程进行一次连接的回收(重置)
    )

    Base.metadata.create_all(engine)

def drop_db():
    """
    根据类删除数据库表
    :return:
    """
    engine = create_engine(
        "mysql+pymysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/aaa?charset=utf8",
        max_overflow=0,  # 超过连接池大小外最多创建的连接
        pool_size=5,  # 连接池大小
        pool_timeout=30,  # 池中没有线程最多等待的时间,否则报错
        pool_recycle=-1  # 多久之后对线程池中的线程进行一次连接的回收(重置)
    )

    Base.metadata.drop_all(engine)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # drop_db()
    init_db()

  所有的类表需要继承自base,否则不在管理之内。增删表都只能管理他的子类。不能增加字段,也不能删除字段,但是可以将数据库字段和orm字段设置成一样的,也可以用。

  3.app导入:

from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from models import Users
#"mysql+pymysql://root@127.0.0.1:3306/aaa"
engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/aaa", max_overflow=0, pool_size=5)
Connection = sessionmaker(bind=engine)

# 每次执行数据库操作时,都需要创建一个Connection
con = Connection()

# ############# 执行ORM操作 #############
obj1 = Users(name="lqz")
con.add(obj1)
# 提交事务
con.commit()

# 关闭session,其实是将连接放回连接池
con.close()

五。scoped_session

  scoped_session可以使得线程安全,保证所有线程之间不会互相操作。

from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.orm import scoped_session
from models import Users

engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/flask", max_overflow=0, pool_size=5)
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)

"""
# 线程安全,基于本地线程实现每个线程用同一个session
# 特殊的:scoped_session中有原来方法的Session中的一下方法:

public_methods = (
    '__contains__', '__iter__', 'add', 'add_all', 'begin', 'begin_nested',
    'close', 'commit', 'connection', 'delete', 'execute', 'expire',
    'expire_all', 'expunge', 'expunge_all', 'flush', 'get_bind',
    'is_modified', 'bulk_save_objects', 'bulk_insert_mappings',
    'bulk_update_mappings',
    'merge', 'query', 'refresh', 'rollback',
    'scalar'
)
"""
#scoped_session类并没有继承Session,但是却又它的所有方法
session = scoped_session(Session)
# ############# 执行ORM操作 #############
obj1 = Users(name="jason")
session.add(obj1)

# 提交事务
session.commit()
# 关闭session
session.close()

六,基本增删改操作:

  使用方法session.add可以添加表对象添加数据。

  使用add_all可以添加列表套对象的方式添加数据。

 

  删除使用session.query(User).filter(User.id>2).delete()

  首先查出改字段对象,执行delete方法删除那些对象。

 

  修改表数据‘

  1。session.query(User).filter(User.id>2).updata({'age':30}),字典代表的是字段和数据。

  2.session.query(Users).filter(Users.id == 3).update({Users.name: Users.name + "sb"}, synchronize_session=False)

  类似于f查询,将其字段进行拼接,但是synchronize_session必须设置成false。(仅对于字符串)

  3.session.query(Users).filter(Users.id == 7).update({"age": Users.age + 16}, synchronize_session="evaluate")

  如果操作的数据,需要设置synchronize_session="evaluate"

  如果session.query(Users)不加all,则打印的就是原生sql语句

 

import time
import threading

from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey, UniqueConstraint, Index
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.sql import text

from models import Users
engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/flask", max_overflow=0, pool_size=5)
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)

session = Session()

# ################ 添加 ################

# obj1 = Users(name="wupeiqi",age=40)
# session.add(obj1)
#
# session.add_all([
#     Users(name="tank"),
#     Users(name="jason"),
#     #Hosts(name="c1.com"),
# ])
# session.commit()


# ################ 删除 ################

# session.query(Users).filter(Users.id == 5).delete()
# session.commit()

# ################ 修改 ################

#传字典
#session.query(Users).filter(Users.id ==4 ).update({"age" : 30,})
#类似于django的F查询
#session.query(Users).filter(Users.id == 3).update({Users.name: Users.name + "sb"}, synchronize_session=False)
#session.query(Users).filter(Users.id == 7).update({"age": Users.age + 16}, synchronize_session="evaluate")
# session.commit()

# ################ 查询 ################

# r1 = session.query(Users).all()
# print(r1),query后面可以增加多个表
#只取age列,把name重命名为xx,label代表的是起别名
# r2 = session.query(Users.name.label('sb'), Users.age).filter(Users.id==8).first()
# print(r2.sb)
#filter传的是表达式,filter_by传的是参数
# r3 = session.query(Users).filter(Users.name == "jason").all()
# print(r3)
# r4 = session.query(Users).filter_by(name='jason').all()
# print(r4)
# r5 = session.query(Users).filter_by(name='lqz').first(),.first取出其中的第一条。
#:value 和:name 相当于占位符,用params传参数
#r6 = session.query(Users).filter(text("id<:value and name=:name")).params(value=224, name='fred').order_by(Users.id).all()
#自定义查询sql
#r7 = session.query(Users).from_statement(text("SELECT * FROM users where name=:name")).params(name='ed').all()


#增,删,改都要commit()
session.close()

  如果需要对其打印输出的字段可以设置:

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.name

七。查询

 

import time
import threading
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey, UniqueConstraint, Index
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.sql import text

from models import Users
engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/flask", max_overflow=0, pool_size=5)
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)

session = Session()
# 条件
# ret = session.query(Users).filter_by(name='lqz').all()
#表达式,and条件连接,逗号代表且操作
# ret = session.query(Users).filter(Users.id > 7, Users.name == 'jason').all()
# print(ret)between代表的是在3-5之间
# ret = session.query(Users).filter(Users.id.between(3, 5), Users.name == 'jason').all()
# print(ret)
#注意下划线,in代表的是在这个区间之间
# ret = session.query(Users).filter(Users.id.in_([1,3,4])).all()
# print(ret)
#~非,代表除。。外
# ret = session.query(Users).filter(~Users.id.in_([1,3,4])).all()
# print(ret)

# #二次筛选
# ret = session.query(Users).filter(Users.id.in_(session.query(Users.id).filter_by(name='jason'))).all()
# print(ret)
from sqlalchemy import and_, or_
#or_包裹的都是or条件,and_包裹的都是and条件
#ret = session.query(Users).filter(and_(Users.id > 3, Users.name == 'eric')).all()
# ret = session.query(Users).filter(or_(Users.id >6 , Users.name == 'jason')).all()
# print(ret)
# ret = session.query(Users).filter(
#     or_(
#         Users.id < 2,
#         and_(Users.name == 'eric', Users.id > 3),
#         Users.age != ""
#     )).all()


# 通配符like,以e开头,不以e开头,有_代表的是占位符,可以配合~
# ret = session.query(Users).filter(Users.name.like('_q%')).all()
# print(ret)
# ret = session.query(Users).filter(~Users.name.like('j%')).all()
# print(ret)

# 限制,用于分页,区间
# ret = session.query(Users)[1:9]
# print(ret)
#
# # 排序,根据name降序排列(从大到小)desc代表降序
# ret = session.query(Users).order_by(Users.name.desc())
# print(ret)


# #第一个条件重复后,再按第二个条件升序排,使用,隔开
# ret = session.query(Users).order_by(Users.name.desc(), Users.id.asc()) # print(ret) # # # 分组 from sqlalchemy.sql import func # func需要风阻之后的输出 # ret = session.query(Users).group_by(Users.name).all() # print(ret) # #分组之后取最大id,id之和,最小id # ret = session.query( # func.max(Users.id), # func.sum(Users.id), # func.min(Users.id)).group_by(Users.name).all() # print(ret) # #haviing筛选 # ret = session.query( # # func.max(Users.id), # # func.sum(Users.id), # # func.min(Users.id)).group_by(Users.name).having(func.min(Users.id) >2) # # print(ret)

八。一对多查询。

  一对多建表:

class Hobby(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'hobby'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    caption = Column(String(50), default='篮球')


class Person(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'person'
    nid = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = Column(String(32), index=True, nullable=True)
    # hobby指的是tablename而不是类名,
    hobby_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("hobby.id"))# 代表的是表明
    # 跟数据库无关,不会新增字段,只用于快速链表操作
    # 类名,backref用于反向查询,uselist=False
    hobby = relationship('Hobby', backref='pers') # 关联字段,不会生成字段,backref代表的是反向查询的时候的字段。
    def __repr__(self):
        return self.name

  一对多:

import time
import threading

from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey, UniqueConstraint, Index
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.sql import text
from sqlalchemy.engine.result import ResultProxy
from models import Users, Hobby, Person

engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/flask?charset=utf8", max_overflow=0, pool_size=5)
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
session = Session()
# 添加
# 1.不关联表的添加方法
# session.add_all([
#     Hobby(caption='乒乓球'),
#     Hobby(caption='羽毛球'),
#     Person(name='张三', hobby_id=1),
#     Person(name='李四', hobby_id=2),
# ])
# 正向将hobby对象插入,可以自动关联
# person = Person(name='张九', hobby=Hobby(caption='姑娘'))
# session.add(person)
#添加二,反向查询
# hb = Hobby(caption='人妖')
# hb.pers = [Person(name='文飞'), Person(name='博雅')]
# session.add(hb)
#
# session.commit()
"""

# 使用relationship正向查询
"""
# v = session.query(Person).first()
# print(v.name)
# print(v.hobby.caption)
"""

# 使用relationship反向查询
"""
# v = session.query(Hobby).first()
# print(v.caption)
# print(v.pers)

#方式一,自己链表,isouter代表的是外联查询
# person_list=session.query(Person).join(Hobby,isouter=True)
# print(person_list)
# person_list=session.query(Person,Hobby).join(Hobby,isouter=True)
# print(person_list)
# for row in person_list:
#     # print(row.name,row.caption)
#     print(row[0].name,row[1].caption)
#
# #方式二:通过relationship
#
person_list=session.query(Person).all()
for row in person_list:
    print(row.name,row.hobby.caption)
# #查询喜欢姑娘的所有人
# obj=session.query(Hobby).filter(Hobby.id==1).first()
# persons=obj.pers
# print(persons)
# session.close()
#如果没有建立外键

# ret = session.query(Person).join(Hobby,Person.nid==Hobby.id, isouter=True)
# print(ret)

九。多对多

  多对多建表

class Boy2Girl(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'boy2girl'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    girl_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('girl.id'))
    boy_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('boy.id'))


class Girl(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'girl'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = Column(String(64), unique=True, nullable=False)



class Boy(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'boy'

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    hostname = Column(String(64), unique=True, nullable=False)

    # 与生成表结构无关,仅用于查询方便,放在哪个单表中都可以
    girl = relationship('Girl', secondary='boy2girl', backref='boys')

  多对多

import time
import threading

from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey, UniqueConstraint, Index
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.sql import text
from sqlalchemy.engine.result import ResultProxy
from models import Users,  Hobby, Person, Girl, Boy2Girl, Boy

engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/flask?charset=utf8", max_overflow=0, pool_size=5)
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
session = Session()
# 添加

# session.add_all([
#     Girl(name='c1.com'),
#     Girl(name='c2.com'),
#     Boy(hostname='A组'),
#     Boy(hostname='B组'),
# ])
# session.commit()
#需要设置中间表建立联系
# s2g = Boy2Girl(girl_id=1,boy_id=1) # session.add(s2g) # session.commit() # # 直接添加一个对象,设置改对象的外键值 # gp = Girl(name='C组') # gp.boys = [Boy(hostname='c3.com'),Boy(hostname='c4.com')] # session.add(gp) # session.commit() # # 反向添加 # ser = Boy(hostname='c6.com') # ser.girl = [Girl(name='F组'),Girl(name='G组')] # session.add(ser) # session.commit() # 使用relationship正向查询 # v = session.query(Boy).first() # print(v.hostname) # print(v.girl) # 使用relationship反向查询 # v = session.query(Girl).first() # print(v.name) # print(v.boys) # # # # session.close()

十。flask-SQLALchemy

  这是一个flask和SQLAchemy的管理者

  安装:

pip install flask-sqlalchemy

  如果需要和django一样,迁移数据库文件,需要安装flask-migrate

pip install flask-migrate

  项目结构:

 

 

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from flask import Blueprint
from .. import db
from .. import models

account = Blueprint('account', __name__)


@account.route('/login')
def login():
    # db.session.add(models.Users(username='lqz', email='123'))
    # db.session.query(models.Users).all()
    # db.session.commit()
    # 添加示例
    """
    db.session.add(models.Users(username='lqz', pwd='123', gender=1))
    db.session.commit()

    obj = db.session.query(models.Users).filter(models.Users.id == 1).first()
    print(obj)

    PS: db.session和db.create_session
    """
    # db.session.add(models.Users(username='wupeiqi1', email='wupeiqi1@xx.com'))
    # db.session.commit()
    # db.session.close()
    #
    # db.session.add(models.Users(username='wupeiqi2', email='wupeiqi2@xx.com'))
    # db.session.commit()
    # db.session.close()
    # db.session.add(models.Users(username='alex1',email='alex1@live.com'))
    # db.session.commit()
    # db.session.close()



    user_list = db.session.query(models.Users).all()
    db.session.close()
    for item in user_list:
        print(item.username)


    return 'login'
sansa/views/account.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from flask import Flask
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
db = SQLAlchemy()

from .models import *
from .views import account

def create_app():
    app = Flask(__name__)
    app.config.from_object('settings.DevelopmentConfig')
    # 将db注册到app中
    db.init_app(app)
    # 注册蓝图
    app.register_blueprint(account.account)

    return app
sansa/__init__.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from . import db


class Users(db.Model):
    """
    用户表
    """
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(80), unique=True, nullable=False)
    email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True, nullable=False)
    # ids = db.Column(db.Integer)

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<User %r>' % self.username
sansa/models.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
"""
生成依赖文件:
    pipreqs ./

"""
from sansa import create_app
from flask_script import Manager
from flask_migrate import Migrate,MigrateCommand
from sansa import db
app = create_app()
manager=Manager(app)
#为了实现迁移
Migrate(app,db)
#现在把命令注册进来
manager.add_command('db1', MigrateCommand)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # app.run()
    manager.run()
manage.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

class BaseConfig(object):
    # SESSION_TYPE = 'redis'  # session类型为redis
    # SESSION_KEY_PREFIX = 'session:'  # 保存到session中的值的前缀
    # SESSION_PERMANENT = True  # 如果设置为False,则关闭浏览器session就失效。
    # SESSION_USE_SIGNER = False  # 是否对发送到浏览器上 session:cookie值进行加密

    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = "mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/flask01?charset=utf8"
    SQLALCHEMY_POOL_SIZE = 5
    SQLALCHEMY_POOL_TIMEOUT = 30
    SQLALCHEMY_POOL_RECYCLE = -1

    # 追踪对象的修改并且发送信号
    SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = False


class ProductionConfig(BaseConfig):
    pass


class DevelopmentConfig(BaseConfig):
    pass


class TestingConfig(BaseConfig):
    pass
settings.py

  启动迁移命令:

python manage.py db1 init
# 初始化init,没有表
python manage.py db1 migrate
# 设置表,相当于makemigrations
python manage.py db1 upgrade
#相当于migrate

  这样的设计就可以和django一样,操作表的字段了,所有操作都要找db

  补充:

  反向生成model文件:

python manage.py inspectdb > app/models.py

 

posted on 2019-11-15 00:21  一只萌萌哒的提莫  阅读(331)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报