django内置序列化组件、批量操作数据、自定义分页器
目录
一、django内置序列化组件(drf前身)
前后端分离的项目,视图函数只需要返回json格式的数据即可
from app01 import models
from django.http import JsonResponse
def ab_ser_func(request):
# 1.查询所有书籍对象
book_queryset = models.Book.objects.all() # queryset [对象、对象]
# 2.封装成大字典返回
for book_obj in book_queryset:
temp_dict = {}
temp_dict['pk'] = book_obj.pk
temp_dict['title'] = book_obj.title
temp_dict['price'] = book_obj.price
temp_dict['info'] = book_obj.info
data_dict[book_obj.pk] = temp_dict # {1:{},2:{},3:{},4:{}}
return JsonResponse(data_dict)
'''序列化组件(django自带,后续学更厉害的drf)'''
# 导入内置序列化模块
from django.core import serializers
# 调用该模块下的方法,第一个参数是你想以什么方式序列化你的数据
res = serializers.serialize('json', book_queryset)
return HttpResponse(res)
二、批量操作数据
def ab_bk_func(request):
# 1.往books表中插入10万条数据
for i in range(1, 100000):
models.Books.objects.create(title='第%s本书' % i)
"""直接循环插入 10s 500条左右"""
book_obj_list = []
# 可以用列表生成式[...for i in ... if ...] 生成器表达式(... for i in ... if ...)
for i in rang(1, 100000):
book_obj = models.Books01(title='第%s本书' % i) # 单纯的用类名加括号产生对象
book_obj_list.append(book_obj)
# 批量插入数据
models.Books01.objects.bulk_create(book_obj_list)
"""使用orm提供的批量插入操作 5s 10玩条左右"""
# 2.查询出所有的表中并展示到前端页面
book_queryset = models.Books01.objects.all()
return render(request, 'BkPage.html', locals())
涉及到大批量数据的创建,直接使用create可能会造成数据库崩溃
批量数据创建>>>:bulk_create()
批量数据修改>>>:bulk_update()
前端页面展示数据
{% for book_obj in book_queryset %}
<p>{{ book_obj.title }}</p>
{% endfor %}
三、分页器思路
1.分页推导前戏
1.针对上面批量插入的数据,我们在前端展示的时候展示的时候发现一个很严重的问题,一页展示了索引的数据,数据量太大查看不方便
2.针对数据量大但是又需要全部展示给用户观看的情况下,我们统一做法都是做分页处理。很多网站都做了这样的操作
2.分页推导流程
当数据量较大的时候,页面展示应该考虑分页
1.QuerySet支持切片操作(正数)
2.研究各个参数之间的数学关系
每页固定展示多少条数据、起始位置、终止位置
3.自定义页码参数
current_page = request.GET.get('page')
4.前端展示分页器样式
5.总页码数问题
divmod方法
6.前端页面页码个数渲染问题
后端产生 前端渲染
<1>.依靠索引切片
def ab_pl(request):
book_data = models.Book.objects.all()
# 计算总共数据条数
all_count = book_data.count()
# 2.自定义每页展示的数据条数
per_page_num = 10
all_page_num, more = divmod(all_count, per_page_num)
if more:
all_page_num += 1
# 后端生成页码标签
html_page = ''
for i in range(1, all_page_num):
html_page += '<li><a href="?page=%s">%s</a></li>' % (i, i)
# 1.获取前端想要展示的页码
current_page = request.GET.get('page', 1) # 获取用户展示的page页 如果么有则默认展示1
try:
current_page = int(current_page)
except TypeError:
current_page = 1
# 3.定义出切片起始位置
start_num = (current_page - 1) * per_page_num
# 4.定义出切片终止位置
end_num = current_page * per_page_num
book_query = book_data[start_num:end_num] # QuerySet [数据对象 数据对象]
return render(request, 'bookList.html', locals())
动态计算/解析出 起始位置 与 终止位置
# 每页展示10条
per_page_num = 10
页 起始位置 终止位置
current_page start_page end_page
1 0 10
2 10 20
3 20 30
4 30 40
# 每页展示5条
per_page_num = 5
页 起始位置 终止位置
current_page start_page end_page
1 0 5
2 5 10
3 10 15
4 15 20
计算出 起始位置 与 终止位置
0 = (1 - 1) * 5
start_page = (current_page - 1) * per_page_num
5 = 1 * 5
end_page = current_page * per_page_num
<2>.通过代码动态计算出到底需要多少页
使用内置方法divmod
内置方法之divmod
>>> divmod(100,10)
(10, 0) # 10页
>>> divmod(101,10)
(10, 1) # 11页
>>> divmod(99,10)
(9, 9) # 10页
# 余数只要不是0就需要在第一个数字上加一
显示每页数据
book_data = models.Book.objects.all()
# 计算总共数据条数
all_count = book_data.count()
# 2.自定义每页展示的数据条数
per_page_num = 10
all_page_num, more = divmod(all_count, per_page_num)
# 我们可以判断元祖的第二个数字是否为0从而确定到底需要多少页来展示数据
if more:
all_page_num += 1
# 后端生成页码标签
html_page = ''
for i in range(1, all_page_num):
html_page += '<li><a href="?page=%s">%s</a></li>' % (i, i)
利用start_page和end_page对总数据进行切片取值再传入前端页面
book_query = book_data[start_num:end_num] # QuerySet [数据对象 数据对象]
return render(request, 'bookList.html', locals())
copy分页器的代码(bootstrap)
后端代码
def index(request):
book_data = models.Book.objects.all()
# 计算总共数据条数
all_count = book_data.count()
# 2.自定义每页展示的数据条数
per_page_num = 10
all_page_num, more = divmod(all_count, per_page_num)
if more:
all_page_num += 1
# 后端生成页码标签
html_page = ''
for i in range(1, all_page_num):
html_page += '<li><a href="?page=%s">%s</a></li>' % (i, i)
# 1.获取前端想要展示的页码
current_page = request.GET.get('page', 1) # 获取用户展示的page页 如果么有则默认展示1
try:
current_page = int(current_page)
except TypeError:
current_page = 1
# 3.定义出切片起始位置
start_num = (current_page - 1) * per_page_num
# 4.定义出切片终止位置
end_num = current_page * per_page_num
book_query = book_data[start_num:end_num] # QuerySet [数据对象 数据对象]
return render(request, 'bookList.html', locals())
前端页面
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
{% for book_obj in book_query %}
<p class="text-center">{{ book_obj.title }}</p>
{% endfor %}
<nav aria-label="Page navigation " class="text-center">
<ul class="pagination">
<li>
<a href="#" aria-label="Previous">
<span aria-hidden="true">«</span>
</a>
</li>
{{ html_page | safe }}
<li>
<a href="#" aria-label="Next">
<span aria-hidden="true">»</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
限制展示页面标签个数
页码推荐使用奇数位(对称美) 利用当前页前后固定位数来限制
def index(request):
book_data = models.Book.objects.all()
# 计算总共数据条数
all_count = book_data.count()
# 2.自定义每页展示的数据条数
per_page_num = 10
all_page_num, more = divmod(all_count, per_page_num)
if more:
all_page_num += 1
# 1.获取前端想要展示的页码
current_page = request.GET.get('page', 1) # 获取用户展示的page页 如果么有则默认展示1
try:
current_page = int(current_page)
except TypeError:
current_page = 1
# 后端生成页码标签
html_page = ''
xxx = current_page
# 一旦页码小于6的时候就叫他等于6,否则不做处理的话就会页面变为负数,出现报错
if current_page < 6:
xxx = 6
for i in range(xxx - 5, xxx + 6):
if current_page == i:
# 如果当前页面是展示的页面就添加一个active
html_page += '<li class="active"><a href="?page=%s">%s</a></li>' % (i, i)
else:
html_page += '<li><a href="?page=%s">%s</a></li>' % (i, i)
# 3.定义出切片起始位置
start_num = (current_page - 1) * per_page_num
# 4.定义出切片终止位置
end_num = current_page * per_page_num
book_query = book_data[start_num:end_num] # QuerySet [数据对象 数据对象]
return render(request, 'bookList.html', locals())
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
{% for book_obj in book_query %}
<p class="text-center">{{ book_obj.title }}</p>
{% endfor %}
<nav aria-label="Page navigation " class="text-center">
<ul class="pagination">
<li>
<a href="#" aria-label="Previous">
<span aria-hidden="true">«</span>
</a>
</li>
{{ html_page |safe}}
<li>
<a href="#" aria-label="Next">
<span aria-hidden="true">»</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
3.自定义分页器的使用
点击查看代码
class Pagination(object):
def __init__(self,current_page,all_count,per_page_num=2,pager_count=11):
"""
封装分页相关数据
:param current_page: 当前页
:param all_count: 数据库中的数据总条数
:param per_page_num: 每页显示的数据条数
:param pager_count: 最多显示的页码个数
用法:
queryset = model.objects.all()
page_obj = Pagination(current_page,all_count)
page_data = queryset[page_obj.start:page_obj.end]
获取数据用page_data而不再使用原始的queryset
获取前端分页样式用page_obj.page_html
"""
try:
current_page = int(current_page)
except Exception as e:
current_page = 1
if current_page <1:
current_page = 1
self.current_page = current_page
self.all_count = all_count
self.per_page_num = per_page_num
# 总页码
all_pager, tmp = divmod(all_count, per_page_num)
if tmp:
all_pager += 1
self.all_pager = all_pager
self.pager_count = pager_count
self.pager_count_half = int((pager_count - 1) / 2)
@property
def start(self):
return (self.current_page - 1) * self.per_page_num
@property
def end(self):
return self.current_page * self.per_page_num
def page_html(self):
# 如果总页码 < 11个:
if self.all_pager <= self.pager_count:
pager_start = 1
pager_end = self.all_pager + 1
# 总页码 > 11
else:
# 当前页如果<=页面上最多显示11/2个页码
if self.current_page <= self.pager_count_half:
pager_start = 1
pager_end = self.pager_count + 1
# 当前页大于5
else:
# 页码翻到最后
if (self.current_page + self.pager_count_half) > self.all_pager:
pager_end = self.all_pager + 1
pager_start = self.all_pager - self.pager_count + 1
else:
pager_start = self.current_page - self.pager_count_half
pager_end = self.current_page + self.pager_count_half + 1
page_html_list = []
# 添加前面的nav和ul标签
page_html_list.append('''
<nav aria-label='Page navigation>'
<ul class='pagination'>
''')
first_page = '<li><a href="?page=%s">首页</a></li>' % (1)
page_html_list.append(first_page)
if self.current_page <= 1:
prev_page = '<li class="disabled"><a href="#">上一页</a></li>'
else:
prev_page = '<li><a href="?page=%s">上一页</a></li>' % (self.current_page - 1,)
page_html_list.append(prev_page)
for i in range(pager_start, pager_end):
if i == self.current_page:
temp = '<li class="active"><a href="?page=%s">%s</a></li>' % (i, i,)
else:
temp = '<li><a href="?page=%s">%s</a></li>' % (i, i,)
page_html_list.append(temp)
if self.current_page >= self.all_pager:
next_page = '<li class="disabled"><a href="#">下一页</a></li>'
else:
next_page = '<li><a href="?page=%s">下一页</a></li>' % (self.current_page + 1,)
page_html_list.append(next_page)
last_page = '<li><a href="?page=%s">尾页</a></li>' % (self.all_pager,)
page_html_list.append(last_page)
# 尾部添加标签
page_html_list.append('''
</nav>
</ul>
''')
return ''.join(page_html_list)
<1>.自定义分页器的拷贝及使用
1.当我们需要使用到非django内置的第三方功能或者组件代码的时候
我们一般情况下会创建一个名为utils文件夹,在该文件夹内对模块进行功能性划分
untils可以在每个应用下创建,具体结合实际情况
2.我们到了后期封装代码的时候,不再局限于函数
还是尽量朝面向对象去封装
3.我们自定义的分页器是基于bootstrap样式来得到,所以你需要提前导入bootstrap
<2>.最后封装好的版本使用
上面是自定义分页器开发流程的基本思路,我们不需要掌握代码的编写,只需要掌握基本用法即可
"""
utils可以建在项目下,也可以建在应用下!
"""
class Pagination(object):
def __init__(self, current_page, all_count, per_page_num=10, pager_count=11):
"""
封装分页相关数据
:param current_page: 当前页
:param all_count: 数据库中的数据总条数
:param per_page_num: 每页显示的数据条数
:param pager_count: 最多显示的页码个数
"""
try: # 转换当前页
current_page = int(current_page)
except Exception as e:
current_page = 1
# 保证当前页被我们正常的获取到
if current_page < 1:
current_page = 1
# 对象赋值属性
self.current_page = current_page
self.all_count = all_count
self.per_page_num = per_page_num
# 总页码
all_pager, tmp = divmod(all_count, per_page_num)
if tmp:
all_pager += 1
self.all_pager = all_pager
# 赋值属性
self.pager_count = pager_count
self.pager_count_half = int((pager_count - 1) / 2)
# 方法伪装成数据 对象调的时候不需要加括号 也可以正常访问到
@property
def start(self):
return (self.current_page - 1) * self.per_page_num
@property
def end(self):
return self.current_page * self.per_page_num
def page_html(self): # 生成分页器所有编码
# 如果总页码 < 11个:
if self.all_pager <= self.pager_count:
pager_start = 1
pager_end = self.all_pager + 1
# 总页码 > 11
else:
# 当前页如果<=页面上最多显示11/2个页码
if self.current_page <= self.pager_count_half:
pager_start = 1
pager_end = self.pager_count + 1
# 当前页大于5
else:
# 页码翻到最后
if (self.current_page + self.pager_count_half) > self.all_pager:
pager_end = self.all_pager + 1
pager_start = self.all_pager - self.pager_count + 1
else:
pager_start = self.current_page - self.pager_count_half
pager_end = self.current_page + self.pager_count_half + 1
page_html_list = []
# 添加前面的nav和ul标签
page_html_list.append('''
<nav aria-label='Page navigation>'
<ul class='pagination'>
''')
first_page = '<li><a href="?page=%s">首页</a></li>' % (1)
page_html_list.append(first_page)
if self.current_page <= 1:
prev_page = '<li class="disabled"><a href="#">上一页</a></li>'
else:
prev_page = '<li><a href="?page=%s">上一页</a></li>' % (self.current_page - 1,)
page_html_list.append(prev_page)
for i in range(pager_start, pager_end): # 高亮显示
if i == self.current_page:
temp = '<li class="active"><a href="?page=%s">%s</a></li>' % (i, i,)
else:
temp = '<li><a href="?page=%s">%s</a></li>' % (i, i,)
page_html_list.append(temp)
if self.current_page >= self.all_pager:
next_page = '<li class="disabled"><a href="#">下一页</a></li>'
else:
next_page = '<li><a href="?page=%s">下一页</a></li>' % (self.current_page + 1,)
page_html_list.append(next_page)
last_page = '<li><a href="?page=%s">尾页</a></li>' % (self.all_pager,)
page_html_list.append(last_page)
# 尾部添加标签
page_html_list.append('''
</nav>
</ul>
''')
return ''.join(page_html_list)
后端
# 导入utils文件
from utils.mypage import Pagination
def ab_pl(request):
# 获取页面展示多少数据
book_queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
# 当前页
current_page = request.GET.get('page', 1)
# 总条数
all_count = book_queryset.count()
# 1.传值生成对象
page_obj = Pagination(current_page=current_page, all_count=all_count)
# 2.直接对总数据进行切片操作
page_queryset = book_queryset[page_obj.start:page_obj.end] # 计算出起始位置与终止位置
# 3.将page_queryset传递到页面 替换之前的book_queryset
return render(request,'ab_pl.html',locals())
前端
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<!--bootstrap引入 CSS CDN-->
<link href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!--jQuery引入 CDN-->
<script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<!--Bootstrap引入 Js CDN-->
<script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
{#循环数据#}
{% for book_obj in page_queryset %}
<p>{{ book_obj.title }}</p>
{% endfor %}
{# 利用自定义分页器直接显示分页器样式 #}
{{ page_obj.page_html|safe }}
</body>
</html>