201871010112-梁丽珍《面向对象程序设计(java)》第七周学习总结

项目

内容

这个作业属于哪个课程

https://www.cnblogs.com/nwnu-daizh/

这个作业的要求在哪里

https://www.cnblogs.com/nwnu-daizh/p/11654436.html

作业学习目标

  1. 掌握四种访问权限修饰符的使用特点;
  2. 掌握Object类的用途及常用API;
  3. 掌握ArrayList类的定义方法及用途;
  4. 掌握枚举类定义方法及用途;
  5. 结合本章实验内容,理解继承与多态性两个面向对象程序设计特征,并体会其优点。

实验内容和步骤

实验1 “System.out.println(...);”语句处按注释要求设计代码替换...,观察代码录入中IDE提示,以验证四种权限修饰符的用法。

package Demo;

class Parent {
	private String p1 = "这是Parent的私有属性";
	public String p2 = "这是Parent的公有属性";
	protected String p3 = "这是Parent受保护的属性";
	String p4 = "这是Parent的默认属性";
	private void pMethod1() {
		System.out.println("我是Parent用private修饰符修饰的方法");
	}
	public void pMethod2() {
		System.out.println("我是Parent用public修饰符修饰的方法");
	}
	protected void pMethod3() {
		System.out.println("我是Parent用protected修饰符修饰的方法");
	}
	void pMethod4() {
		System.out.println("我是Parent无修饰符修饰的方法");
	}
}
class Son extends Parent{
	private String s1 = "这是Son的私有属性";
	public String s2 = "这是Son的公有属性";
	protected String s3 = "这是Son受保护的属性";
	String s4 = "这是Son的默认属性";
	public void sMethod1() {
		System.out.println();//分别尝试显示Parent类的p1、p2、p3、p4值
		System.out.println("我是Son用public修饰符修饰的方法");
	}
	private void sMethod2() {
		System.out.println("我是Son用private修饰符修饰的方法");
	}
	protected void sMethod() {
		System.out.println("我是Son用protected修饰符修饰的方法");
	}
	void sMethod4() {
		System.out.println("我是Son无修饰符修饰的方法");
	}	
}
public class Demo {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Parent parent=new Parent();
		Son son=new Son();
		System.out.println();	//分别尝试用parent调用Paren类的方法、用son调用Son类的方法	
	}
}

 

 

 

 

 

运行结果:

 父类与子类在同一个包内,子类可以直接访问父类public、proteced与默认访问特性的成员,不能直接访问private成员:

 

子类与父类不在同一个包内,子类继承父类public成员变量作为子类的成员变量以及方法:

 

实验2:导入第5章以下示例程序,测试并进行代码注释。

测试程序1

  运行教材程序5-85-95-10,结合程序运行结果理解程序(教材174-177页);

  删除程序中Employee类、Manager类中的equals()hasCode()toString()方法,背录删除方法,在代码录入中理解类中重写Object父类方法的技术要点。

5-8源代码:

 

package equals;

/**
 * This program demonstrates the equals method.
 * @version 1.12 2012-01-26
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class EqualsTest			//此程序实现了Employee类和Manager类的equals,hashCode,toString方法
{
   public static void main(String[] args)  //定义方法
   {
      var alice1 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
      var alice2 = alice1;
      var alice3 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
      var bob = new Employee("Bob Brandson", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);

      System.out.println("alice1 == alice2: " + (alice1 == alice2));

      System.out.println("alice1 == alice3: " + (alice1 == alice3));

      System.out.println("alice1.equals(alice3): " + alice1.equals(alice3));

      System.out.println("alice1.equals(bob): " + alice1.equals(bob));

      System.out.println("bob.toString(): " + bob);

      var carl = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
      var boss = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
      boss.setBonus(5000);
      System.out.println("boss.toString(): " + boss);  //返回
      System.out.println("carl.equals(boss): " + carl.equals(boss));
      System.out.println("alice1.hashCode(): " + alice1.hashCode());
      System.out.println("alice3.hashCode(): " + alice3.hashCode());
      System.out.println("bob.hashCode(): " + bob.hashCode());
      System.out.println("carl.hashCode(): " + carl.hashCode());
   }
}

 

5-9源代码:

package equals;

import java.time.*;
import java.util.Objects;

public class Employee		
{
   private String name;
   private double salary;
   private LocalDate hireDay;
  //构造方法
   public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)	
   {
      this.name = name;
      this.salary = salary;  //this调用
      hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
   }

   public String getName()		// getName方法
   {
      return name;
   }

   public double getSalary()	//getSalary方法
   {
      return salary;
   }

   public LocalDate getHireDay()	//getHireDay方法
   {
      return hireDay;
   }

   public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)	//raiseSalary方法
   {
      double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
      salary += raise;
   }

   public boolean equals(Object otherObject)
   {
      // a quick test to see if the objects are identical	
      if (this == otherObject) return true;					//检测this与otherObject是否引用同一个对象

      // must return false if the explicit parameter is null	
      if (otherObject == null) return false;				//检测otherObject是否为null,如果为null,返回false

      // if the classes don't match, they can't be equal		
      if (getClass() != otherObject.getClass()) return false;	//比较this与otherObject是否属于同一个类

      // now we know otherObject is a non-null Employee		
      var other = (Employee) otherObject;					//强制类型转换

      // test whether the fields have identical values		(测试字段是否具有相同的值)
      return Objects.equals(name, other.name) 
         && salary == other.salary && Objects.equals(hireDay, other.hireDay);
   }

   public int hashCode()			//hashCode方法
   {
      return Objects.hash(name, salary, hireDay); 
   }

   public String toString()			//调用超类的toString方法
   {
      return getClass().getName() + "[name=" + name + ",salary=" + salary + ",hireDay=" 
         + hireDay + "]";
   }
}

 

5-10源代码:

package equals;
//定义Manager方法
public class Manager extends Employee	
{
   private double bonus;

   public Manager(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)		//提供一个子类构造器
   {
      super(name, salary, year, month, day);
      bonus = 0;
   }

   public double getSalary()		//getSalary方法
   {
      double baseSalary = super.getSalary();
      return baseSalary + bonus;
   }

   public void setBonus(double bonus)	//使用setBonus方法
   {
      this.bonus = bonus;
   }

   public boolean equals(Object otherObject)		//equals方法比较两个对象是否相同
   {
      if (!super.equals(otherObject)) return false;
      var other = (Manager) otherObject;			//强制类型转换
      // super.equals checked that this and other belong to the same class (检查这个和其他都同属于一个类)
      return bonus == other.bonus;
   }

   public int hashCode()		//hashCode方法,返回对象的散列码
   {
      return java.util.Objects.hash(super.hashCode(), bonus);
   }

   public String toString()		//Manager类中的toString方法,返回描述该对象的字符串
   {
      return super.toString() + "[bonus=" + bonus + "]";
   }
}

程序运行结果:

 

测试程序2

   elipse IDE中调试运行程序5-11(教材182页),结合程序运行结果理解程序;

  掌握ArrayList类的定义及用法;

  在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释;

  设计适当的代码,测试ArrayList类的set()get()remove()size()等方法的用法。

5-11源代码:

 

package arrayList;

import java.util.*;

/**
 * This program demonstrates the ArrayList class.
 * @version 1.11 2012-01-26
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class ArrayListTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      // fill the staff array list with three Employee objects
      var staff = new ArrayList<Employee>();		//将Employee[]数组替换成ArrayList<Employee>

      //使用add方法将雇员对象添加到数组列表中
      staff.add(new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000, 1987, 12, 15));
      staff.add(new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1));
      staff.add(new Employee("Tony Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15));

      // raise everyone's salary by 5% (把每个人的工资提高5%)
      for (Employee e : staff)
         e.raiseSalary(5);

      // print out information about all Employee objects (打印有关所有员工对象的信息)
      for (Employee e : staff)
         System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay=" 
            + e.getHireDay());
   }//循环数组
}

  

运行结果:

 

 

设计适当的代码,测试ArrayList类的set()、get()、remove()、size()等方法的用法

package project5;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import arrayList.Employee;

public class myArrayList {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		var staff = new ArrayList<Employee>();
		
		staff.add(new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000, 1987, 12, 15));
	    staff.add(new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1));
	    staff.add(new Employee("Tony Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15));

	    //size()
	    int c = staff.size();
	    System.out.println("ArrayList中存储的元素个数为:"+c);
	    for(int i = 0; i<staff.size();i++)
	    {
	    	//get()
	    	Employee e = staff.get(i);
	    	System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay="   + e.getHireDay());
	    }
	    //set()
	    staff.set(0, new Employee("LAKD",80000,1988,11,23));
	    Employee e = staff.get(0);
	    System.out.println("修改后为:name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay="   + e.getHireDay());
	    
	    //remove()
	    staff.remove(1);
	    System.out.println("Now, Size of list::"+staff.size());
	    
	    int size1=staff.size();
	    
	    System.out.println("ArrayList中存储的元素个数为:"+size1);
	    for(int i=0; i<staff.size(); i++)
	    {
	    	Employee q = staff.get(i);
	    	System.out.println("name=" + q.getName() + ",salary=" + q.getSalary() + ",hireDay="  + q.getHireDay());
	    }
	   
	    for (Employee e1 : staff)
	         e1.raiseSalary(5);
	    
	    for (Employee e1 : staff)
	         System.out.println("name=" + e1.getName() + ",salary=" + e1.getSalary() + ",hireDay="  + e1.getHireDay());
	}
}

运行结果:

 

测试程序3

  编辑、编译、调试运行程序5-12(教材189页),结合运行结果理解程序;

  掌握枚举类的定义及用法;

  在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释;

  删除程序中Size枚举类,背录删除代码,在代码录入中掌握枚举类的定义要求。

5-12源代码:

package enums;

import java.util.*;

/**
 * This program demonstrates enumerated types.
 * @version 1.0 2004-05-24
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class EnumTest
{  
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {  
      var in = new Scanner(System.in);
      System.out.print("Enter a size: (SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE, EXTRA_LARGE) ");
      String input = in.next().toUpperCase();	//输入;字符串转换为大写
      Size size = Enum.valueOf(Size.class, input);		//使用静态方法valueOf
      //Size.class是反射,取得Size类
      //调用构造函数,并赋值返回枚举数组的值:Size.SMALL;Size.MEDIUM;Size.LARGE;Size.EXTRA_LARGE
      System.out.println("size=" + size);
      System.out.println("abbreviation=" + size.getAbbreviation());	//缩写
      if (size == Size.EXTRA_LARGE)
         System.out.println("Good job--you paid attention to the _."); 
      in.close();
   }
}

//定义枚举类型   使用关键字enum
enum Size
{	
   SMALL("S"), MEDIUM("M"), LARGE("L"), EXTRA_LARGE("XL");

   private Size(String abbreviation) { this.abbreviation = abbreviation; }	//提供有参构造函数
   public String getAbbreviation() { return abbreviation; }	//获得属性值

   private String abbreviation;	//定义属性
}

运行结果:

 

测试程序4:录入以下代码,结合程序运行结果了解方法的可变参数用法

代码:

package project5;

public class TestVarArgus {
	
	    public static void dealArray(int... intArray){  
	        for (int i : intArray)  
	            System.out.print(i +" ");  
	          
	        System.out.println();  
	    }        
	    public static void main(String args[]){  
	        dealArray();  
	        dealArray(1);  
	        dealArray(1, 2, 3);  
	    }  
}

 

运行结果:

 

实验:3:编程练习:参照输出样例补全程序,使程序输出结果与输出样例一致。

补全后的代码:

package project5;

public class demo {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Son son = new Son();
		son.method();
		}
 	}
	class Parent{
		Parent() {
								//父类的无参数构造器
			System.out.println("Parent's Constructor without parameter");
		}
		Parent(boolean b) {
								//带有布尔参数的父类构造器
			System.out.println("Parent's Constructor with a boolean parameter");
		}
		public void method() {
								//父类的方法
			System.out.println("Parent's method()");
		}
	}
	class Son extends Parent {
	//补全本类定义
		Son(){
			super(true);	//调用父类
			System.out.println("Son's Constructor without parameter");
		}
		public void method() {
			System.out.println("Son's method()");
			super.method();	//调用父类method方法
		}
	}

运行结果:

 

3. 实验总结:

  此次实验:

  1、调试了private  protected  public  默认四种修饰符的使用特点,子类拥有父类的所有属性和方法,但父类的私有属性和方法,子类是无法直接访问到的。即只是拥有,但是无法使用。2、Object类即所有类的父类,它描述的所有方法子类都可以使用。如果一个类没有特别指定父类,那么默认继承自Object类。实验中学习了常用的API,public String toString():返回该对象的字符串表示。public boolean equals(Object obj):指示其他某个对象是否与此对象“相等”。3、学习了ArrayList类的定义方法及用途,通过add方法添加元素,int size()返回元素个数…(不太懂得这部分)4、使用enum关键字来定义枚举类,枚举的构造方法是私有的,所以不可以new对象,有对象要在它的内部实例化,如enum Size{ SMALL("S"), MEDIUM("M"), LARGE("L"), EXTRA_LARGE("XL");} new Size时传参数为SMALL("S")。可变参数用法……

 

posted @ 2019-10-14 20:48  201871010112-梁丽珍  阅读(162)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报