去哪儿网输入框三种输入方式(selenium webdriver 干货)
在机票预定的页面,输入出发城市和到达城市输入框的时候, 发现直接使用sendkeys不好使,
大部分情况出现输入某城市后没有输入进去, 经过几天的研究,发现可以采取三种方式:
1. 先点击输入框,待弹出 城市选择框之后,点击相应的城市
2. 缓慢输入城市的缩略字母或者城市的名字的部分,会显示出待选城市的下拉列表,进而从下拉列表中选择相应的城市.
3. 直接执行 js脚本对input的value设置为想要的值
首先说一下第三种方式:
JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
js.executeScript("arguments[0].value=\"北京\"", from_inpox);
执行效果最好,
22:35:34.885 INFO - Executing: [execute script: arguments[0].value="北京", [[[Ch
romeDriver: chrome on XP (6452a4a961be7bffa2af9d1b63f3d111)] -> xpath: //div[@id
='js_flighttype_tab_domestic']//input[@name='fromCity']]]])
如上图所演示,两种方式均是用户真实行为。
采取第一种方式:
- 首先定位到输入框
- 点击输入框
- 从弹出的热门城市框中点击所需要的城市
WebElement from_inpox = driver
.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@id='js_flighttype_tab_domestic']//input[@name='fromCity']"));
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
actions.moveToElement(from_inpox).click().perform();
driver.findElement(By
.xpath("//div[@data-panel='domesticfrom-flight-hotcity-from']//a[@class='js-hotcitylist' and text()='西安']"))
.click();
这里我并没有直接使用click, 而是使用Actions,原因是我在对到达城市操作时,发现经常报element can't be clicked这样的错误,
大意是,当要点击到达城市输入框,其实是被上层的元素遮挡,没法使用click方法,但是可以使用Actions的moveToElement方法之后可以click
或者采取滚动到该元素,调用JS
JavascriptExecutor jse = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
jse.executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView()",element);
之后就可进行click操作.
如果使用第二种方法,就会遇到一个很大的问题:
如何定位到JS生成的下拉列表的城市?Firebug定位之前列表就消失!
看上去很难哈,反复尝试无所成, 最后突然想起既然是JS生成的,何不使用浏览器的JS debug功能,设置断点一步一步
果不其然,药到病除。nice job~
思路有了,跟我一起做,点开firebug ,切换到“脚本”界面,首先在输入框输入单字母s,待弹出下拉列表后,单击左侧的插入断点操作
你会发现该下拉框被冻结,不错呦,之后切换到html界面进行定位。
不光是去哪网,像百度输入框也可以采取这样的办法,JS设置断点,js的弹出框,弹出菜单就会冻结.
接下来我的输入就是选择下拉菜单中所需城市:
from_inpox.clear();
from_inpox.sendKeys("BJ");
Thread.sleep(8000);
By bj=new By.ByXPath("//div[@class='qcbox-fixed js-suggestcontainer']//td[contains(text(),'北京')]");
if(isElementPresent(driver,bj,20))
{
driver.findElement(bj).click();
}
所要注意的是,下拉菜单中未必弹出那么快,需要做一次等待,在选择下拉菜单的时候需要做一次判断,当然这个判断方法是使用WebDriverWait
/**
* @author Young
* @param driver
* @param by
* @param timeOut
* @return
*/
public static boolean isElementPresent(WebDriver driver, final By by, int timeOut) {
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, timeOut);
boolean isPresent = false;
isPresent = wait.until(new ExpectedCondition<WebElement>() {
@Override
public WebElement apply(WebDriver d) {
return d.findElement(by);
}
}).isDisplayed();
return isPresent;
}
依然不够完美,为什么这么说,如果元素没有出现,并不是返回的false而是直接抛异常,并不是期望的,所以修改为findElements
如果找不到,返回List长度必然为0,进而返回false而不是抛出异常
/**
* @author Young
* @param driver
* @param by
* @param timeOut
* @return
* @throws InterruptedException
*/
public static boolean isElementPresent(WebDriver driver, final By by,
int timeOut) throws InterruptedException {
boolean isPresent = false;
Thread.sleep(timeOut * 1000);
List<WebElement> we = driver.findElements(by);
if (we.size() != 0) {
isPresent = true;
}
return isPresent;
}
测试步骤:
1.选择出发城市-> 北京
到达城市->上海
选择今天之后的七天
点击search button
2.选择某带“每段航班均需缴纳税费” 的订单
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
WebDriver driver = DriverFactory.getChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://flight.qunar.com/");
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
WebElement from_inpox = driver
.findElement(By
.xpath("//div[@id='js_flighttype_tab_domestic']//input[@name='fromCity']"));
WebElement to_inpox = driver
.findElement(By
.xpath("//div[@id='js_flighttype_tab_domestic']//input[@name='toCity']"));
WebElement from_date = driver
.findElement(By
.xpath("//div[@id='js_flighttype_tab_domestic']//input[@name='fromDate']"));
WebElement sigleWayCheckBox = driver
.findElement(By
.xpath("//div[@id='js_flighttype_tab_domestic']//input[@class='inp_chk js-searchtype-oneway']"));
if (!sigleWayCheckBox.isSelected()) {
sigleWayCheckBox.click();
}
from_inpox.clear();
from_inpox.sendKeys("BJ");
Thread.sleep(8000);
By bj = new By.ByXPath(
"//div[@class='qcbox-fixed js-suggestcontainer']//td[contains(text(),'北京')]");
if (isElementPresent(driver, bj, 20)) {
driver.findElement(bj).click();
}
to_inpox.clear();
to_inpox.sendKeys("SH");
Thread.sleep(8000);
By sh = new By.ByXPath(
"//div[@class='qcbox-fixed js-suggestcontainer']//td[contains(text(),'上海')]");
if (isElementPresent(driver, sh, 20)) {
driver.findElement(sh).click();
}
// Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
// actions.moveToElement(from_inpox).click().perform();
// driver.findElement(
// By.xpath("//div[@data-panel='domesticfrom-flight-hotcity-from']//a[@class='js-hotcitylist' and text()='西安']"))
// .click();
// driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
// driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
// actions.moveToElement(to_inpox).click().perform();
// driver.findElement(
// By.xpath("//div[@data-panel='domesticto-flight-hotcity-to']//a[@class='js-hotcitylist' and text()='北京']"))
// .click();
// driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
// driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
from_date.clear();
from_date.sendKeys(getDateAfterToday(7));
WebElement search = driver
.findElement(By
.xpath("//div[@id='js_flighttype_tab_domestic']//button[@class='btn_search']"));
search.submit();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
WebElement page2 = driver.findElement(By
.xpath("//div[@id='hdivPager']/a[@value='2']"));
JavascriptExecutor jse = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
jse.executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView()", page2);
page2.click();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.findElement(
By.xpath("(//div[@class='avt_trans']//p[contains(text(),'每段航班均需缴纳税费')]/ancestor::div//div[@class='a_booking']/a)[3]"))
.click();
driver.findElement(
By.xpath("//div[@id='flightbarXI883']//div[@class='t_bk']/a"))
.click();
}
public static String getDateAfterToday(int dateAfterToday) {
Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
cal.add(Calendar.DATE, +dateAfterToday);
System.out.println(cal.getTime().toString());
Date date = cal.getTime();
SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
System.out.println(df.format(date));
return df.format(date);
}
/**
* @author Young
* @param driver
* @param by
* @param timeOut
* @return
* @throws InterruptedException
*/
public static boolean isElementPresent(WebDriver driver, final By by,
int timeOut) throws InterruptedException {
boolean isPresent = false;
Thread.sleep(timeOut * 1000);
List<WebElement> we = driver.findElements(by);
if (we.size() != 0) {
isPresent = true;
}
return isPresent;
}
效果如下: