QT做串口通信（串口助手）

QT做串口：

main.cpp

#include "myserial.h"

#include <QApplication>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QApplication a(argc, argv);
    MySerial w;
    w.show();
    return a.exec();
}

myserial.cpp

#include "myserial.h"
#include "ui_myserial.h"
#include <QDebug>

MySerial::MySerial(QWidget *parent)
    : QWidget(parent)
    , ui(new Ui::MySerial)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);

    //获取系统所有可用的串口
    foreach(const QSerialPortInfo &info,QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts()){
        qDebug()<<info.portName()<<info.description();
        //ui->comboBox_serialport->addItem(info.portName());
        QSerialPort serial(info);
        //测试串口是否可用
        if(serial.open(QIODevice::ReadWrite)){//空闲
            //将串口名加入选项列表
            ui->comboBox_serialport->addItem(serial.portName());
            //关闭串口
            serial.close();
        }
        else{//被占用
            ui->comboBox_serialport->addItem(serial.portName()+"(被占用)");
        }
    }

    ui->pushButton_send->setEnabled(false);
}

MySerial::~MySerial()
{
    delete ui;
}

//打开/关闭串口
void MySerial::on_pushButton_openclose_clicked()
{
    if(ui->pushButton_openclose->text()=="打 开 串 口"){//打开
        ser = new QSerialPort(ui->comboBox_serialport->currentText(),this);
        //打开串口
        if(!ser->open(QIODevice::ReadWrite)){
            qDebug()<<"打开失败";
            ser->deleteLater();
            return;
        }

        //设置波特率
        switch (ui->comboBox_baudrate->currentIndex()) {
            case 0:
                ser->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud2400);
                break;
            case 1:
                ser->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud4800);
                break;
            case 2:
                ser->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud9600);
                break;
            case 3:
                ser->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud38400);
                break;
            case 4:
                ser->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud115200);
                break;
        }

        //设置数据位位数
        switch (ui->comboBox_databits->currentIndex()) {
            case 0:
                ser->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data5);
                break;
            case 1:
                ser->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data6);
                break;
            case 2:
                ser->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data7);
                break;
            case 3:
                ser->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data8);
                break;
        }

        //设置校验位
        switch (ui->comboBox_parity->currentIndex()) {
            case 0:
                ser->setParity(QSerialPort::NoParity);
                break;
            case 1:
                ser->setParity(QSerialPort::OddParity);
                break;
            case 2:
                ser->setParity(QSerialPort::EvenParity);
                break;
        }

        //设置停止位
        switch (ui->comboBox_parity->currentIndex()) {
        case 0:
            ser->setStopBits(QSerialPort::OneStop);
            break;
        case 1:
            ser->setStopBits(QSerialPort::TwoStop);
            break;
        }

        //关闭流控
        ser->setFlowControl(QSerialPort::NoFlowControl);

        //关闭选项菜单
        ui->comboBox_parity->setEnabled(false);
        ui->comboBox_baudrate->setEnabled(false);
        ui->comboBox_databits->setEnabled(false);
        ui->comboBox_stopbits->setEnabled(false);
        ui->comboBox_serialport->setEnabled(false);
        ui->pushButton_send->setEnabled(true);

        //修改按钮显示
        ui->pushButton_openclose->setText("关 闭 串 口");

        //连接信号和槽
        QObject::connect(ser,&QSerialPort::readyRead,this,&MySerial::readData);
    }
    else{//关闭
        ser->clear();
        ser->close();
        ser->deleteLater();

        ui->comboBox_parity->setEnabled(true);
        ui->comboBox_baudrate->setEnabled(true);
        ui->comboBox_databits->setEnabled(true);
        ui->comboBox_stopbits->setEnabled(true);
        ui->comboBox_serialport->setEnabled(true);
        ui->pushButton_send->setEnabled(false);

        ui->pushButton_openclose->setText("打 开 串 口");

    }
}

//接收数据
void MySerial::readData()
{
    //接收所有数据
    QByteArray data = ser->readAll();

    if(!data.isEmpty()){
        ui->textBrowser->append(QString(data));
    }

    //data.clear();
}

//发送数据
void MySerial::on_pushButton_send_clicked()
{
    //获取要发送的数据
    QByteArray data = ui->textEdit->toPlainText().toUtf8();
    ser->write(data);
}

myserial.h

#ifndef MYSERIAL_H
#define MYSERIAL_H

#include <QWidget>
#include <QSerialPortInfo>
#include <QSerialPort>

QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
namespace Ui { class MySerial; }
QT_END_NAMESPACE

class MySerial : public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    MySerial(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~MySerial();

private slots:
    void on_pushButton_openclose_clicked();
    //接收串口数据槽函数
    void readData();

    void on_pushButton_send_clicked();

private:
    Ui::MySerial *ui;
    //串口类
    QSerialPort *ser;
};
#endif // MYSERIAL_H

4.5.6行的 #include问题 的解决方案：

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_52926110/article/details/122780655

mySerial.pro

QT       += core gui serialport

greaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT += widgets

CONFIG += c++11

# The following define makes your compiler emit warnings if you use
# any Qt feature that has been marked deprecated (the exact warnings
# depend on your compiler). Please consult the documentation of the
# deprecated API in order to know how to port your code away from it.
DEFINES += QT_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS

# You can also make your code fail to compile if it uses deprecated APIs.
# In order to do so, uncomment the following line.
# You can also select to disable deprecated APIs only up to a certain version of Qt.
#DEFINES += QT_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_BEFORE=0x060000    # disables all the APIs deprecated before Qt 6.0.0

SOURCES += \
    main.cpp \
    myserial.cpp

HEADERS += \
    myserial.h

FORMS += \
    myserial.ui

# Default rules for deployment.
qnx: target.path = /tmp/$${TARGET}/bin
else: unix:!android: target.path = /opt/$${TARGET}/bin
!isEmpty(target.path): INSTALLS += target
    
    
    

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QT的新建工程文件部分：

最简单的结构：

main.cpp：

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include <QApplication>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QApplication a(argc, argv);
    MainWindow w;
    w.show();

    return a.exec();
}

mainwindow.cpp

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"

MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
    QMainWindow(parent),
    ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);
}

MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
    delete ui;
}

mainwindow.h

#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H

#include <QMainWindow>

namespace Ui {
class MainWindow;
}

class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    explicit MainWindow(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~MainWindow();

private:
    Ui::MainWindow *ui;
};

#endif // MAINWINDOW_H

重点详解步骤：

mySerial.pro

qt串口这里需要用到一个很关键的类serialport，要现在.pro工程文件里面添加该模块（在QT += core gui 代码后面加上该模块）

.pro

QT       += core gui serialport

myserial.cpp

接下来，使用代码将串口号给加进去。打开“myserial.cpp文件”，对文件进行编写和修改。

#include "myserial.h"
#include "ui_myserial.h"
#include <QDebug>               /************************/

myserial::myserial(QWidget *parent) :
    QMainWindow(parent),
    ui(new Ui::myserial)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);
      /******************获取系统所有可用的串口（后加的功能）*******************/
    //获取系统所有可用的串口
        foreach(const QSerialPortInfo &info,QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts()){
            qDebug()<<info.portName()<<info.description();
            //ui->comboBox_serialport->addItem(info.portName());
            QSerialPort serial(info);
            //测试串口是否可用
            if(serial.open(QIODevice::ReadWrite)){//空闲
                //将串口名加入选项列表
                ui->comboBox_serialport->addItem(serial.portName());
                //关闭串口
                serial.close();
            }
            else{//被占用
                ui->comboBox_serialport->addItem(serial.portName()+"(被占用)");
            }
        }

        ui->pushButton_send->setEnabled(false);
  /***************************************************************/
}

myserial::~myserial()
{
    delete ui;
}

打开或者关闭串口功能（myserial.cpp）

/****************************打开/关闭串口***************************/
void myserial::on_pushButton_openclose_clicked()
{
    if(ui->pushButton_openclose->text()=="打 开 串 口"){//打开
        ser = new QSerialPort(ui->comboBox_serialport->currentText(),this);
        //打开串口
        if(!ser->open(QIODevice::ReadWrite)){
            qDebug()<<"打开失败";
            ser->deleteLater();
            return;
        }

        //设置波特率
        switch (ui->comboBox_baudrate->currentIndex()) {
            case 0:
                ser->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud2400);
                break;
            case 1:
                ser->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud4800);
                break;
            case 2:
                ser->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud9600);
                break;
            case 3:
                ser->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud38400);
                break;
            case 4:
                ser->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud115200);
                break;
        }

        //设置数据位位数
        switch (ui->comboBox_databits->currentIndex()) {
            case 0:
                ser->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data5);
                break;
            case 1:
                ser->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data6);
                break;
            case 2:
                ser->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data7);
                break;
            case 3:
                ser->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data8);
                break;
        }

        //设置校验位
        switch (ui->comboBox_parity->currentIndex()) {
            case 0:
                ser->setParity(QSerialPort::NoParity);
                break;
            case 1:
                ser->setParity(QSerialPort::OddParity);
                break;
            case 2:
                ser->setParity(QSerialPort::EvenParity);
                break;
        }

        //设置停止位
        switch (ui->comboBox_parity->currentIndex()) {
        case 0:
            ser->setStopBits(QSerialPort::OneStop);
            break;
        case 1:
            ser->setStopBits(QSerialPort::TwoStop);
            break;
        }

        //关闭流控
        ser->setFlowControl(QSerialPort::NoFlowControl);

        //关闭选项菜单
        ui->comboBox_parity->setEnabled(false);
        ui->comboBox_baudrate->setEnabled(false);
        ui->comboBox_databits->setEnabled(false);
        ui->comboBox_stopbits->setEnabled(false);
        ui->comboBox_serialport->setEnabled(false);
        ui->pushButton_send->setEnabled(true);

        //修改按钮显示
        ui->pushButton_openclose->setText("关 闭 串 口");

        //连接信号和槽
        QObject::connect(ser,&QSerialPort::readyRead,this,&myserial::readData);
    }
    else{//关闭
        ser->clear();
        ser->close();
        ser->deleteLater();

        ui->comboBox_parity->setEnabled(true);
        ui->comboBox_baudrate->setEnabled(true);
        ui->comboBox_databits->setEnabled(true);
        ui->comboBox_stopbits->setEnabled(true);
        ui->comboBox_serialport->setEnabled(true);
        ui->pushButton_send->setEnabled(false);

        ui->pushButton_openclose->setText("打 开 串 口");

    }
}

接收数据功能（myserial.cpp）

//接收数据
void myserial::readData()
{
    //接收所有数据
    QByteArray data = ser->readAll();
    QString str = QString(data);

    if(!data.isEmpty()){
        ui->textBrowser->append(QString(str));
    }

    //data.clear();
}

发送数据功能（myserial.cpp）

//发送数据
void myserial::on_pushButton_send_clicked()
{
    //获取要发送的数据
    QByteArray data = ui->textEdit->toPlainText().toUtf8();
    ser->write(data);
}