基于mykernel 2.0编写一个操作系统内核

一. 实验要求

  1. 按照https://github.com/mengning/mykernel 的说明配置mykernel 2.0,熟悉Linux内核的编译;
  2. 基于mykernel 2.0编写一个操作系统内核,参照https://github.com/mengning/mykernel 提供的范例代码
  3. 简要分析操作系统内核核心功能及运行工作机制

二. 实验环境
vmvare Workstation pro 15+ubuntu 18.04


三. 实验步骤

  1. 配置mykernel 2.0,熟悉Linux内核的编译
    安装Linux内核源码,安装命令如下:

    wget https://raw.github.com/mengning/mykernel/master/mykernel-2.0_for_linux-5.4.34.patch
    sudo apt install axel
    axel -n 20 https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.4.34.tar.xz
    xz -d linux-5.4.34.tar.xz
    tar -xvf linux-5.4.34.tar
    cd linux-5.4.34
    patch -p1 < ../mykernel-2.0_for_linux-5.4.34.patch
    sudo apt install build-essential libncurses-dev bison flex libssl-dev libelf-dev
    make defconfig # Default configuration is based on 'x86_64_defconfig'
    make -j$(nproc)
    sudo apt install qemu # install QEMU
    qemu-system-x86_64 -kernel arch/x86/boot/bzImage
    

    从qemu窗口中您可以看到my_start_kernel在执行,同时my_timer_handler时钟中断处理程序周期性执行。
    这是因为myinterrupt.c不断产生时间中断信号,请求CPU进行处理。运行结果如图:

  2. 基于mykernel 2.0编写一个操作系统内核,参照https://github.com/mengning/mykernel 提供的范例代码

    1. 在mymain.c基础上继续写进程描述PCB和进程链表管理等代码

      
      #define MAX_TASK_NUM        4
      #define KERNEL_STACK_SIZE   1024*8
      
        /* CPU-specific state of this task */
      struct Thread {
          unsigned long       ip;
          unsigned long       sp;
      };
      
      typedef struct PCB{
          int pid;
          volatile long state; /* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
          char stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE];
          /* CPU-specific state of this task */
          struct Thread thread;
          unsigned long   task_entry;
          struct PCB *next;
      }tPCB;
      
      void my_schedule(void);
      
      

      PCB进程控制块的数据结构:
      1. pid表示的是进程号
      2. state代表的是进程的状态,其中-1就绪状态,0代表运行状态,大于0代表阻塞状态
      3. stack代表的是进程运行所需的栈空间。最大为KERNEL_STACK_SIZE
      4. thread代表的是当前正在执行的线程信息
      5. task_entry代表的是进程的入口函数
      6. next指针指向下一个进程。因为进程可以形成链表结构

    2. 在myinterrupt.c的基础上完成进程切换代码

      1. 对mymain.c中的my_start_kernel函数进行修改,并在mymain.c中实现了my_process函数,my_process用一个死循环
        来不断产生进程,模拟时间片轮转调度的过程。主要的原理是myinterrupt.c,他会周期性的产生中断信号、通过中断信号
        将全局变量my_need_sched的值修改为1,当my_need_sched值变为1后,就进行进程的调度,完成进程的切换,如此往复。

        #include "mypcb.h"
        
        
        tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
        tPCB * my_current_task = NULL;
        volatile int my_need_sched = 0;
        
        
        void my_process(void);
        
        
        void __init my_start_kernel(void)
        {
            int pid = 0;
            int i;
            /* Initialize process 0*/
            task[pid].pid = pid;
            task[pid].state = 0;/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
            task[pid].task_entry = task[pid].thread.ip = (unsigned long)my_process;
            task[pid].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[pid].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
            task[pid].next = &task[pid];
            /*fork more process */
            for(i=1;i<MAX_TASK_NUM;i++)
            {
                memcpy(&task[i],&task[0],sizeof(tPCB));
                task[i].pid = i;
                task[i].state = -1;
                task[i].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
                task[i].next = task[i-1].next;
                task[i-1].next = &task[i];
            }
            /* start process 0 by task[0] */
            pid = 0;
            my_current_task = &task[pid];
            asm volatile(
                "movq %1,%%rsp\n\t"  /* set task[pid].thread.sp to rsp */
                "pushq %1\n\t"          /* push rbp */
                "pushq %0\n\t"          /* push task[pid].thread.ip */
                "ret\n\t"              /* pop task[pid].thread.ip to rip */
                :
                : "c" (task[pid].thread.ip),"d" (task[pid].thread.sp)   /* input c or d mean %ecx/%edx*/
            );
        }
        
        void my_process(void)
        {
            int i = 0;
            while(1)
            {
                i++;
                if(i%10000000 == 0)
                {
                    printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d -\n",my_current_task->pid);
                    if(my_need_sched == 1)
                    {
                        my_need_sched = 0;
                        my_schedule();
                    }
                    printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d +\n",my_current_task->pid);
                }
            }
        }
        
      2. 对myinterrupt.c的修改,my_timer_handler用来记录时间片,时间片消耗完之后完成调度。
        并在该文件中完成,my_schedule(void)函数的实现。进程切换主要的原理为:
        1. 保存了前一个进程的rbp和rsp,其中rbp保存在栈中,rsp保存在pcb.sp中
        2. 更换了进程栈,原本rsp指向前一个进程的栈,步骤3后指向了后一个进程的栈
        3. 将$1f 保存到了前一个线程的pcb.ip中(可以看做是保存当前进程的ip)
        4. 修改当前rip寄存器的值,相当于原来rip的内容为前一个进程的指令地址,现在为后一个进程的指令4地址
        5. 将rbp寄存器的值修改为下一个进程的栈底

        #include "mypcb.h"
        
        
        extern tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
        extern tPCB * my_current_task;
        extern volatile int my_need_sched;
        volatile int time_count = 0;
        
        
        /*
         * Called by timer interrupt.
         */
        void my_timer_handler(void)
        {
          if(time_count%1000 == 0 && my_need_sched != 1)
            {
                printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_timer_handler here<<<\n");
                my_need_sched = 1;
            }
            time_count ++ ;
            return;
        }
        
        
        void my_schedule(void)
        {
            tPCB * next;
            tPCB * prev;
        
        
            if(my_current_task == NULL
                || my_current_task->next == NULL)
            {
              return;
            }
            printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_schedule<<<\n");
            /* schedule */
            next = my_current_task->next;
            prev = my_current_task;
            if(next->state == 0)/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
            {
              my_current_task = next;
              printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);
              /* switch to next process */
              asm volatile(
                 "pushq %%rbp\n\t"       /* save rbp of prev */
                 "movq %%rsp,%0\n\t"     /* save rsp of prev */
                 "movq %2,%%rsp\n\t"     /* restore  rsp of next */
                 "movq $1f,%1\n\t"       /* save rip of prev */
                 "pushq %3\n\t"
                 "ret\n\t"               /* restore  rip of next */
                 "1:\t"                  /* next process start here */
                 "popq %%rbp\n\t"
                 : "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
                 : "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
              );
            }
            return;
        }
        
    3. 重新make并运行mykernel,可以看见进程的切换

posted @ 2020-05-13 11:43  浅安时光~  阅读(167)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报