bzoj 2159 Crash 的文明世界

一棵 $n$ 个点的树，给一个 $k$，对于每个 $i$，求 $\sum\limits_{j=1}^n dist(i,j)^k$，膜 10007

$n \leq 50000,k \leq 150$

sol：

用一个斯特林数公式 $dist(i,j)^k = \sum\limits_{l=1}^k \binom{dist(i,j)}{l} \times l! \times Stirling2(k,l)$

于是要求的就是 $\sum\limits_{l=1}^k Stirling2(k,l) \times l! \times \sum\limits_{j=1}^n \binom{dist(i,j)}{l}$

第二类斯特林数和阶乘可以预处理，主要是要求 $\binom{dist(i,j)}{l}$

可以用组合数递推公式 $\binom{i}{j} = \binom{i-1}{j} + \binom{i-1}{j-1}$

做一个树形 dp，$up_{(i,j)}$ 表示除了 $i$ 子树里的点，二项式系数下面那个数为 $j$ ，对 $i$ 答案的贡献，$dw_{(i,j)}$ 表示 $i$ 子树里的点，二项式系数下面那个数为 $j$ ，对 $i$ 答案的贡献

$dw_{(i,j)}$ 很好转移

$up_{(i,j)}$ 就用它和它的父亲容斥一下，注意根没有父亲

还有注意，这题模数是 $10007$，而 $n$ 是 $50000$，不把 $n$ 模一下就挂了

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define LL long long
#define rep(i, s, t) for (register int i = (s), i##end = (t); i <= i##end; ++i)
#define dwn(i, s, t) for (register int i = (s), i##end = (t); i >= i##end; --i)
using namespace std;
inline int read() {
    int x = 0,f = 1; char ch = getchar();
    for(; !isdigit(ch); ch = getchar())if(ch == '-') f = -f;
    for(; isdigit(ch); ch = getchar())x = 10 * x + ch - '0';
    return x * f;
}
const int maxn = 50010, mod = 10007;
//inline void mo(int &x) { x %= mod; x += mod; x %= mod; }
inline int inc(int x, int y) { x += y; if(x >= mod) x -= mod; return x; }
inline int dec(int x, int y) { x -= y; if(x < 0) x += mod; return x; }
inline int mul(int x, int y) { return 1LL * x * y % mod; }
int n, k;
int first[maxn], to[maxn << 1], nx[maxn << 1], cnt;
int s[200][200], fac[200], dw[maxn][200], up[maxn][200];
inline void add(int u, int v) {
    to[++cnt] = v;
    nx[cnt] = first[u];
    first[u] = cnt;
}
void dfs_down(int x, int pre) {
    dw[x][0] = 1;
    for(int i=first[x];i;i=nx[i]) {
        if(to[i] == pre) continue;
        dfs_down(to[i], x); dw[x][0] = inc(dw[x][0], dw[to[i]][0]);
        rep(j, 1, k) {
            dw[x][j] = inc(dw[x][j], inc(dw[to[i]][j], dw[to[i]][j - 1]));
            //cout << "dw: " << x << " " << j << " " << dw[x][j] << endl;
        }
    }
}
int nmod;
void dfs_up(int x, int pre) {
    if(x != 1) {
        up[x][0] = dec(nmod, dw[x][0]);
        rep(j, 1, k) {
            up[x][j] = inc(up[x][j], inc(up[pre][j], up[pre][j - 1])); 
            up[x][j] = inc(up[x][j], inc(dw[pre][j], dw[pre][j - 1]));
            up[x][j] = dec(up[x][j], inc(dw[x][j], dw[x][j - 1]));
            up[x][j] = dec(up[x][j], dw[x][j - 1]);
            if(j >= 2) up[x][j] = dec(up[x][j], dw[x][j - 2]);
            //cout << "up: " << x << " " << j << " " << up[x][j] << endl;
        }
    }
    for(int i=first[x];i;i=nx[i]) if(to[i] != pre) dfs_up(to[i], x);
}
int L, A, B, Q, now;
int main() {
    //freopen("1.in","r",stdin); freopen("buff.out","w",stdout);
    /*n = read(), k = read(); L = read(), now = read(), A = read(), B = read(), Q = read();
    for (int i=1;i<n;i++){
        now=(now*A+B)%Q;
        int tmp=i<L?i:L;
        int x=i-now%tmp,y=i+1;
        add(x,y);
    }*/ n = read(), k = read(), nmod = n % mod;
    rep(i, 2, n) {
        int u = read(), v = read();
        add(u, v); add(v, u);
    } s[0][0] = fac[0] = 1;
    rep(i, 1, k) rep(j, 1, i) {
        s[i][j] = inc(s[i - 1][j - 1], mul(s[i - 1][j], j));
        //cout << s[i][j] << " ";
    }
    rep(i, 1, k) fac[i] = mul(i, fac[i - 1]);
    dfs_down(1, 0); dfs_up(1, 0);
    rep(i, 1, n) {
        int ans = 0;
        rep(j, 1, k) {
            ans = inc(ans, mul(mul(s[k][j], fac[j]), inc(up[i][j], dw[i][j])));
            //cerr << mul(s[k][j], fac[j]) << " " << inc(up[i][j], dw[i][j]) << endl;
        }
        printf("%d\n", ans);
    }
}