Spring Boot开发RESTful接⼝服务及单元测试

Spring Boot开发RESTful接⼝服务及单元测试

常用注解解释说明：

• @Controller ：修饰class，⽤来创建处理http请求的对象
• @RestController ：Spring4之后加⼊的注解，原来在 @Controller 中返回json需要@ResponseBody 来配合，如果直接⽤ @RestController 替代 @Controller 就不需要再配置 @ResponseBody ，默认返回json格式。
• @RequestMapping ：配置url映射

下⾯我们尝试使⽤Spring MVC来实现⼀组对User对象操作的RESTful API，配合注释详细说明在Spring MVC中如何映射HTTP请求、如何传参、如何编写单元测试。

RESTful API具体设计如下：

请求类型	URL	功能说明
GET	/users	查询用户列表
POST	/users	创建一个用户
GET	/users/id	根据ID查询一个用户
PUT	/users/id	根据ID更新一个用户
DELETE	/users/id	根据ID删除一个用户

User实体定义

package com.kingram.springboot.beans;

import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class User {
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
}

接口实现

package com.kingram.springboot.controller;

import com.kingram.springboot.beans.User;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.*;

@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/users")
public class UserController {    
    // 创建线程安全的Map    
    private static Map<Long, User> users = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<>());    
    
    @RequestMapping(value = "/", method = RequestMethod.GET)    
    public List<User> getUserList() {           
        List<User> r = new ArrayList<>(users.values());        
        return r;   
    }    
    
    @RequestMapping(value = "/", method = RequestMethod.POST)    
    public String postUser(@ModelAttribute User user) {     
        users.put(user.getId(), user);        
        return "success";    
    }    
    
    @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)    
    public User getUser(@PathVariable Long id) { 
        return users.get(id);    
    }    
    
    @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.PUT)    
    public String putUser(@PathVariable Long id, @ModelAttribute User user) {  
        User u = users.get(id);        
        u.setName(user.getName());        
        u.setAge(user.getAge());        
        users.put(id, u);        
        return "success";    
    }    
    
    @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.DELETE) 
    public String deleteUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
        users.remove(id);        
        return "success";    
    }
}

测试⽤例

package com.kingram.springboot;

import com.kingram.springboot.controller.UserController;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.RequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import static org.hamcrest.core.IsEqual.equalTo;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;


@SpringBootTest
@DisplayName("Test UserController")  
public class UserControllerTest {    
    
    private MockMvc mvc;    
    
    @BeforeEach    
    void setUp() {        
        mvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new UserController()).build();    
    }    
    
    @Test      
    void testUserController() throws Exception {        
       
       RequestBuilder request;        
       
       // (1)get查⼀下user列表，应该为空        
        request = get("/users/");
        mvc.perform(request).andExpect(status().isOk()).andExpect(content().string(equalTo("[]")));        
        
        // (2)post提交⼀个user        
        request = post("/users/").param("id", "1").param("name", "张三").param("age", "50");
        mvc.perform(request).andExpect(content().string(equalTo("success")));        
        
        //(3)get获取user列表，应该有刚才插⼊的数据        
        request = get("/users/");        
        mvc.perform(request).andExpect(status().isOk()).andExpect(content().string(equalTo("[{\"id\":1,\"name\":\"张三\",\"age\":50}]")));       
        
        // (4)put修改id为1的user        
        request = put("/users/1").param("name", "李四").param("age","30");        
        mvc.perform(request).andExpect(content().string(equalTo("success")));        
        
        // (5)get⼀个id为1的user        
        request = get("/users/1");        
        mvc.perform(request).andExpect(content().string(equalTo("{\"id\":1,\"name\":\"李四\",\"age\":30}")));        
        
        // (6)del删除id为1的user        
        request = delete("/users/1");        
        mvc.perform(request).andExpect(content().string(equalTo("success")));        
        
        // (7)get查⼀下user列表，应该为空        
        request = get("/users/"); 
        mvc.perform(request).andExpect(status().isOk()) .andExpect(content().string(equalTo("[]")));    
    }
}

参考资料

程序猿DD / SpringBoot-Learning