bfs 学习笔记

BFS是一种借用队列来存储的过程,分层查找,优先考虑距离出发点近的点。无论是在邻接表还是邻接矩阵中存储,都需要借助一个辅助队列,v个顶点均需入队,最坏的情况下,空间复杂O(v)。
邻接表形式存储时,每个顶点均需搜索一次,时间复杂度T1=O(v),从一个顶点开始搜索时,开始搜索,访问未被访问过的节点。最坏的情况下,每个顶点至少访问一次,每条边至少访问1次,这是因为在搜索的过程中,若某结点向下搜索时,其子结点都访问过了,这时候就会回退,故时间复 杂度为O(E),算法总的时间复 度为O(|V|+|E|)。
邻接矩阵存储方式时,查找每个顶点的邻接点所需时间为O(V),即该节点所在的该行该列。又有n个顶点,故算总的时间复杂度为O(|V|^2)。

模版题 POJ 2251 三维BFS

https://vjudge.net/contest/65959#problem/B

#include<queue>
#include<cmath>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<cstring>
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
int L,R,C,step;
char tmp[33][33][33];
bool map[33][33][33],vis[33][33][33];
struct Point{
  int l,r,c,step;
}S,E,now,Next;
int dl[]={-1,1,0,0,0,0};
int dr[]={0,0,0,0,-1,1};
int dc[]={0,0,-1,1,0,0};
int bfs(){
  queue<Point>Q;
  step=0;
  Q.push(S);
  vis[S.l][S.r][S.c]=1;
  while(!Q.empty()){
    now=Q.front();
    Q.pop();
    if(now.l==E.l&&now.r==E.r&&now.c==E.c)return now.step;
    for(int i=0;i<6;i++){
      Next.l=now.l+dl[i],Next.r=now.r+dr[i],Next.c=now.c+dc[i],Next.step=now.step+1;
      if(!map[Next.l][Next.r][Next.c]&&!vis[Next.l][Next.r][Next.c]){
	Q.push(Next);
	vis[Next.l][Next.r][Next.c]=1;
      }
    }
  }
  return -1;
}
int main(){
  while(scanf("%d%d%d",&L,&R,&C)&&L!=0){
    memset(tmp,0,sizeof(tmp));
    memset(map,1,sizeof(map));
    memset(vis,0,sizeof(vis));
    for(int i=1;i<=L;i++)
      for(int j=1;j<=R;j++)
	for(int k=1;k<=C;k++)
	  cin>>tmp[i][j][k];
     for(int i=1;i<=L;i++)
       for(int j=1;j<=R;j++)
	 for(int k=1;k<=C;k++){
	   map[i][j][k]=(tmp[i][j][k]=='#');
	   if(tmp[i][j][k]=='S') S.l=i,S.r=j,S.c=k,S.step=0;
	   if(tmp[i][j][k]=='E') E.l=i,E.r=j,E.c=k;
	 }
     int Ans=bfs();
     if(Ans==-1)cout<<"Trapped!"<<endl;
     else printf("Escaped in %d minute(s).\n",Ans);
   }
  
}

模版题 POJ 3278 Catch the cow

https://vjudge.net/problem/POJ-3278
这个的边界判断真的鬼屎,一定要判断边界,要不然会runtime error!

#include<queue>
#include<cmath>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<cstring>
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
#define maxk 100000
int n,k;
struct Object{
  int x,step;
}Now,Next;
bool vis[100005];
queue<Object> Q;
int main(){
  scanf("%d%d",&n,&k);
  if(n>k){
    cout<<abs(n-k)<<endl;
    return 0;
  }
  Now.step=0;
  Now.x=n;
  vis[n]=1;
  Q.push(Now);
  while(!Q.empty()){
    Now=Q.front();Q.pop();
    if(Now.x==k){
      cout<<Now.step<<endl;
      return 0;
    }
    if(Now.x+1>=0&&Now.x+1<=maxk&&!vis[Now.x+1]){
      Next.x=Now.x+1;
      vis[Next.x]=1;
      Next.step=Now.step+1;
      Q.push(Next);
    }
    if(Now.x-1>=0&&Now.x-1<=maxk&&!vis[Now.x-1]){
      Next.x=Now.x-1;
      vis[Next.x]=1;
      Next.step=Now.step+1;
      Q.push(Next);
    }
    if(Now.x*2>=0&&Now.x*2<=maxk&&!vis[Now.x*2]){
      Next.x=Now.x*2;
      vis[Next.x]=1;
      Next.step=Now.step+1;
      Q.push(Next);
    }
  }
}

posted @ 2020-02-13 23:34  KingBenQi  阅读(94)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报