C# 反射
定义:
反射指程序可以访问、检测和修改它本身状态或行为的一种能力。
程序集包含模块,而模块包含类型,类型又包含成员。反射则提供了封装程序集、模块和类型的对象。
您可以使用反射动态地创建类型的实例,将类型绑定到现有对象,或从现有对象中获取类型。然后,可以调用类型的方法或访问其字段和属性。
优点:
1、反射提高了程序的灵活性和扩展性。
2、降低耦合性,提高自适应能力。
3、它允许程序创建和控制任何类的对象,无需提前硬编码目标类
缺点:
1、性能问题:使用反射基本上是一种解释操作,用于字段和方法接入时要远慢于直接代码。因此反射机制主要应用在对灵活性和拓展性要求很高的系统框架上,普通程序不建议使用。
2、使用反射会模糊程序内部逻辑;程序员希望在源代码中看到程序的逻辑,反射却绕过了源代码的技术,因而会带来维护的问题,反射代码比相应的直接代码更复杂。
用途:
- 它允许在运行时查看特性(attribute)信息。
- 它允许审查集合中的各种类型,以及实例化这些类型。
- 它允许延迟绑定的方法和属性(property)。
- 它允许在运行时创建新类型,然后使用这些类型执行一些任务
示例代码:
using System;
using System.Reflection;
namespace BugFixApplication
{
// 一个自定义特性 BugFix 被赋给类及其成员
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class |
AttributeTargets.Constructor |
AttributeTargets.Field |
AttributeTargets.Method |
AttributeTargets.Property,
AllowMultiple = true)]
public class DeBugInfo : System.Attribute
{
private int bugNo;
private string developer;
private string lastReview;
public string message;
public DeBugInfo(int bg, string dev, string d)
{
this.bugNo = bg;
this.developer = dev;
this.lastReview = d;
}
public int BugNo
{
get
{
return bugNo;
}
}
public string Developer
{
get
{
return developer;
}
}
public string LastReview
{
get
{
return lastReview;
}
}
public string Message
{
get
{
return message;
}
set
{
message = value;
}
}
}
[DeBugInfo(45, "Zara Ali", "12/8/2012",
Message = "Return type mismatch")]
[DeBugInfo(49, "Nuha Ali", "10/10/2012",
Message = "Unused variable")]
class Rectangle
{
// 成员变量
protected double length;
protected double width;
public Rectangle(double l, double w)
{
length = l;
width = w;
}
[DeBugInfo(55, "Zara Ali", "19/10/2012",
Message = "Return type mismatch")]
public double GetArea()
{
return length * width;
}
[DeBugInfo(56, "Zara Ali", "19/10/2012")]
public void Display()
{
Console.WriteLine("Length: {0}", length);
Console.WriteLine("Width: {0}", width);
Console.WriteLine("Area: {0}", GetArea());
}
}//end class Rectangle
class ExecuteRectangle
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Rectangle r = new Rectangle(4.5, 7.5);
r.Display();
Type type = typeof(Rectangle);
// 遍历 Rectangle 类的特性
foreach (Object attributes in type.GetCustomAttributes(false))
{
DeBugInfo dbi = (DeBugInfo)attributes;
if (null != dbi)
{
Console.WriteLine("Bug no: {0}", dbi.BugNo);
Console.WriteLine("Developer: {0}", dbi.Developer);
Console.WriteLine("Last Reviewed: {0}",
dbi.LastReview);
Console.WriteLine("Remarks: {0}", dbi.Message);
}
}
// 遍历方法特性
foreach (MethodInfo m in type.GetMethods())
{
foreach (Attribute a in m.GetCustomAttributes(true))
{
DeBugInfo dbi = (DeBugInfo)a;
if (null != dbi)
{
Console.WriteLine("Bug no: {0}, for Method: {1}",
dbi.BugNo, m.Name);
Console.WriteLine("Developer: {0}", dbi.Developer);
Console.WriteLine("Last Reviewed: {0}",
dbi.LastReview);
Console.WriteLine("Remarks: {0}", dbi.Message);
}
}
}
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
using System.Reflection;
namespace BugFixApplication
{
// 一个自定义特性 BugFix 被赋给类及其成员
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class |
AttributeTargets.Constructor |
AttributeTargets.Field |
AttributeTargets.Method |
AttributeTargets.Property,
AllowMultiple = true)]
public class DeBugInfo : System.Attribute
{
private int bugNo;
private string developer;
private string lastReview;
public string message;
public DeBugInfo(int bg, string dev, string d)
{
this.bugNo = bg;
this.developer = dev;
this.lastReview = d;
}
public int BugNo
{
get
{
return bugNo;
}
}
public string Developer
{
get
{
return developer;
}
}
public string LastReview
{
get
{
return lastReview;
}
}
public string Message
{
get
{
return message;
}
set
{
message = value;
}
}
}
[DeBugInfo(45, "Zara Ali", "12/8/2012",
Message = "Return type mismatch")]
[DeBugInfo(49, "Nuha Ali", "10/10/2012",
Message = "Unused variable")]
class Rectangle
{
// 成员变量
protected double length;
protected double width;
public Rectangle(double l, double w)
{
length = l;
width = w;
}
[DeBugInfo(55, "Zara Ali", "19/10/2012",
Message = "Return type mismatch")]
public double GetArea()
{
return length * width;
}
[DeBugInfo(56, "Zara Ali", "19/10/2012")]
public void Display()
{
Console.WriteLine("Length: {0}", length);
Console.WriteLine("Width: {0}", width);
Console.WriteLine("Area: {0}", GetArea());
}
}//end class Rectangle
class ExecuteRectangle
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Rectangle r = new Rectangle(4.5, 7.5);
r.Display();
Type type = typeof(Rectangle);
// 遍历 Rectangle 类的特性
foreach (Object attributes in type.GetCustomAttributes(false))
{
DeBugInfo dbi = (DeBugInfo)attributes;
if (null != dbi)
{
Console.WriteLine("Bug no: {0}", dbi.BugNo);
Console.WriteLine("Developer: {0}", dbi.Developer);
Console.WriteLine("Last Reviewed: {0}",
dbi.LastReview);
Console.WriteLine("Remarks: {0}", dbi.Message);
}
}
// 遍历方法特性
foreach (MethodInfo m in type.GetMethods())
{
foreach (Attribute a in m.GetCustomAttributes(true))
{
DeBugInfo dbi = (DeBugInfo)a;
if (null != dbi)
{
Console.WriteLine("Bug no: {0}, for Method: {1}",
dbi.BugNo, m.Name);
Console.WriteLine("Developer: {0}", dbi.Developer);
Console.WriteLine("Last Reviewed: {0}",
dbi.LastReview);
Console.WriteLine("Remarks: {0}", dbi.Message);
}
}
}
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}