装饰器模式

描述

装饰器模式的作用是在不改变现有对象的结构的情况下,对其添加新的功能。这种模式创建了一个装饰类,该装饰类继承原有的类,并包装原有的类。

描述起来很麻烦,下面举个例子:

  假设有个形状接口(shape),下面分别创建长方形类(rectangle)和圆形类(circle)都实现形状接口。下面我要给这两个形状涂上红颜色该怎么办呢?来了啊,装饰器模式就解决了这种状况:创建同样实现了shape接口的抽象装饰类,把shape当成员变量,假设shape有方法a(),呢么装饰类要重写其中的a()方法,并且在重写的方法中默认实现shape.a(),这种操作的目的是为了在继承该抽象类的时候,在不改变shape的结构情况下 ,在a()中添加装饰。

使用场景:当程序员不想增加更多子类的情况下扩展类

实例:

基于上边的例子,我们给出了如下的代码实例:

//形状接口
public interface Shape {
   void draw();
}

//实现形状接口的长方形和圆形类
public class Rectangle implements Shape {

   @Override
   public void draw() {
      System.out.println("Shape: Rectangle");
   }
}

public class Circle implements Shape {

   @Override
   public void draw() {
      System.out.println("Shape: Circle");
   }
}


//实现了shape的抽象装饰器类
public abstract class ShapeDecorator implements Shape {
   protected Shape decoratedShape;

   public ShapeDecorator(Shape decoratedShape){
      this.decoratedShape = decoratedShape;
   }

   public void draw(){
      decoratedShape.draw();
   }    
}

//继承了抽象装饰器类的实体装饰器类
public class RedShapeDecorator extends ShapeDecorator {

   public RedShapeDecorator(Shape decoratedShape) {
      super(decoratedShape);        
   }

   @Override
   public void draw() {
      decoratedShape.draw();           
      setRedBorder(decoratedShape);
   }

   private void setRedBorder(Shape decoratedShape){
      System.out.println("Border Color: Red");
   }
}

//演示结果
public class DecoratorPatternDemo {
   public static void main(String[] args) {

      Shape circle = new Circle();

      Shape redCircle = new RedShapeDecorator(new Circle());

      Shape redRectangle = new RedShapeDecorator(new Rectangle());
      System.out.println("Circle with normal border");
      circle.draw();

      System.out.println("\nCircle of red border");
      redCircle.draw();

      System.out.println("\nRectangle of red border");
      redRectangle.draw();
   }
}

结果输出:

Circle with normal border
Shape: Circle

Circle of red border
Shape: Circle
Border Color: Red

Rectangle of red border
Shape: Rectangle
Border Color: Red

代码来源:特别感谢 菜鸟教程java设计模式之装饰器模式

 
posted @ 2017-11-28 11:07  K_artorias  阅读(230)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报