浅谈AOP
AOP,面向切面编程,作为OOP的一种补充,在处理一些系统共有的业务,比如日志,事务等,提供了一种比OOP更佳的解决方案。
在OOP中,控制的粒度为对象,因此,对象中也就参杂这不属于本身业务主体的一下系统共有的业务:
登陆提供了如下接口:
package me.hockey.spring.aoptest; public interface ILogin { String loginByname(String name); }
例如以一个简单的硬编码的登陆为例子,在未使用AOP前纪录日志的工作都是嵌套在业务中间的,如下所示:
package me.hockey.spring.aoptest; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.util.Assert; public class LoginWithOutAOP implements ILogin{ private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Login.class); public String loginByname(String name) { Assert.notNull(name); logger.info("Login by name invoke! args:" + name); if("he".equals(name)){ logger.info("Login ok:" + name); return "login ok"; } else { logger.info("Login failed:" + name); return "login failed"; } } }
可以看到,在没有使用AOP前,日志记录在以上的代码中占据了四行位置。其实日志记录在很多地方都会使用到,这样,无疑就将与具体业务无关的日志代码引入到了具体的业务中了,而且日志代码也影响了代码的简洁性。
AOP提供了更细粒度的控制,同样使用以上例子,使用AOP时,无须在业务中添加关于日志的代码,如下:
package me.hockey.spring.aoptest; import org.springframework.util.Assert; public class Login implements ILogin{ public String loginByname(String name) { Assert.notNull(name); if("he".equals(name)){ return "login ok"; } else { return "login failed"; } } }
这样所有的代码都与本业务相关了,没有多余的代码,代码的简洁性也得到了保证。
当然,要使用AOP,还要对AOP进行相关的配置,关于AOP的一些术语,join point(连接点)、point cut(切入点)、advice(通知)、aspect(方面)、introduce(引入),就不再过多论述了。本文使用Spring和Aspectj来对AOP进行配置。
Spring对AOP有很好的支持,在maven中添加对Spring-aop、Spring-context和aspectj的依赖。
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>3.0.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>3.0.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId> <version>1.5.0_M5</version> </dependency>
<dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>1.7.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> <version>1.7.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId> <version>1.5.0_M5</version> </dependency>
一个很简单的日志记录,
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint; /** * AOP 日志接口 * @author Hockey * */ public interface IAopLog { void logBefore(JoinPoint jointPoint); void logAfter(JoinPoint jointPoint); void logAfterReturn(JoinPoint jointPoint,Object o); void logAfterThrow(JoinPoint jointPoint,Throwable tr); }
日志类的实现如下:
package me.hockey.spring.apotest.utils; import java.util.Date; import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; public class AopLogImpl implements IAopLog{ Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AopLogImpl.class); public void logBefore(JoinPoint jointPoint) { logger.info("before "+new Date().toString()+ jointPoint.getTarget().toString()+ jointPoint.getSignature().getName()+ jointPoint.getArgs().toString()); } public void logAfter(JoinPoint jointPoint) { logger.info("After "+new Date().toString()+ jointPoint.getTarget().toString()+ jointPoint.getSignature().getName()+ jointPoint.getArgs().toString()); } public void logAfterReturn(JoinPoint jointPoint,Object o) { logger.info("AfterReturn "+new Date().toString()+ jointPoint.getTarget().toString()+ jointPoint.getSignature().getName()+ jointPoint.getArgs().toString() +o.toString()); } public void logAfterThrow(JoinPoint jointPoint,Throwable tr) { logger.info("AfterThrow "+new Date().toString()+ jointPoint.getTarget().toString()+ jointPoint.getSignature().getName()+ jointPoint.getArgs().toString()+ tr.getMessage()); } }
applicationcontext.xml的配置:
添加AOP的xsd
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.0.xsd xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"> <bean id="login" class="me.hockey.spring.aoptest.Login"/> <bean id="aopLog" class="me.hockey.spring.apotest.utils.AopLogImpl"/> <aop:config> <aop:pointcut id="loginPointCut" expression="execution(* me.hockey.spring.aoptest.Login.*(..))"/> <aop:aspect id="loginAspect" ref="aopLog"> <aop:before method="logBefore" pointcut-ref="loginPointCut"/> <aop:after method="logAfter" pointcut-ref="loginPointCut" /> <aop:after-returning method="logAfterReturn" returning="o" pointcut-ref="loginPointCut"/> <aop:after-throwing method="logAfterThrow" throwing="tr" pointcut-ref="loginPointCut"/> </aop:aspect> </aop:config> </beans>
测试类代码:
package me.hockey.spring.aoptest.test; import me.hockey.spring.aoptest.ILogin; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class AopTest { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationcontext/ApplicationContext.xml"); ILogin login = (ILogin) ac.getBean("login"); login.loginByname("he"); login.loginByname(null); } }
日志记录结果:
[INFO ] 2013-12-30 04:41:25,545(0) --> [main] org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.prepareRefresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:447): Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@1950198: startup date [Mon Dec 30 04:41:25 CST 2013]; root of context hierarchy
[INFO ] 2013-12-30 04:41:25,598(53) --> [main] org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:315): Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationcontext/ApplicationContext.xml]
[INFO ] 2013-12-30 04:41:25,775(230) --> [main] org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:532): Pre-instantiating singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@1f98d58: defining beans [login,aopLog,org.springframework.aop.config.internalAutoProxyCreator,loginPointCut,org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJPointcutAdvisor#0,org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJPointcutAdvisor#1,org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJPointcutAdvisor#2,org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJPointcutAdvisor#3]; root of factory hierarchy
[INFO ] 2013-12-30 04:41:26,044(499) --> [main] me.hockey.spring.apotest.utils.AopLogImpl.logBefore(AopLogImpl.java:15): before Mon Dec 30 04:41:26 CST 2013me.hockey.spring.aoptest.Login@1586cbdloginByname[Ljava.lang.Object;@1e2c9bf
[INFO ] 2013-12-30 04:41:26,044(499) --> [main] me.hockey.spring.apotest.utils.AopLogImpl.logAfter(AopLogImpl.java:22): After Mon Dec 30 04:41:26 CST 2013me.hockey.spring.aoptest.Login@1586cbdloginByname[Ljava.lang.Object;@1e2c9bf
[INFO ] 2013-12-30 04:41:26,045(500) --> [main] me.hockey.spring.apotest.utils.AopLogImpl.logAfterReturn(AopLogImpl.java:29): AfterReturn Mon Dec 30 04:41:26 CST 2013me.hockey.spring.aoptest.Login@1586cbdloginByname[Ljava.lang.Object;@1e2c9bflogin ok
[INFO ] 2013-12-30 04:41:26,045(500) --> [main] me.hockey.spring.apotest.utils.AopLogImpl.logBefore(AopLogImpl.java:15): before Mon Dec 30 04:41:26 CST 2013me.hockey.spring.aoptest.Login@1586cbdloginByname[Ljava.lang.Object;@10e9df
[INFO ] 2013-12-30 04:41:26,045(500) --> [main] me.hockey.spring.apotest.utils.AopLogImpl.logAfter(AopLogImpl.java:22): After Mon Dec 30 04:41:26 CST 2013me.hockey.spring.aoptest.Login@1586cbdloginByname[Ljava.lang.Object;@10e9df
[INFO ] 2013-12-30 04:41:26,045(500) --> [main] me.hockey.spring.apotest.utils.AopLogImpl.logAfterThrow(AopLogImpl.java:37): AfterThrow Mon Dec 30 04:41:26 CST 2013me.hockey.spring.aoptest.Login@1586cbdloginByname[Ljava.lang.Object;@10e9df[Assertion failed] - this argument is required; it must not be null
至此,一个简单的AOP记录日志的功能已经实现了,当然,只要在Spring配置文件里面配置好,日志这一个功能可以被很多地方复用。