RTP/RTCP（实时传输协议/实时传输控制协议）基于UDP派生出的协议，并增加了对实时传输的控制。一般用于网上传输实时视频数据，比如远程视频监控，视频点播等。有一本名叫《多媒体网络传输协议》的书上对此2个协议的结构和原理做了比较详细的介绍，好象是清华大学出版社出版的。
我去年做远程视频监控系统时，曾用基于2个协议，用Wonsock工具封装了一个网络传输动态连接库，专门用于局域网组播传输实时视频数据。以下是我针对此2个协议定义的相关C结构。
/*Current protocol version. */
#define RTP_VERSION 2
#define MIN_SEQUENTIAL 1
#define RTP_SEQ_MOD (1<<16)
#define RTP_MAX_SDES 255 /* maximum text length for SDES */
#define MID_BUFFER_NUM 2
#define MAX_DROPOUT 25
typedef enum {
RTCP_SR = 200,
RTCP_RR = 201,
RTCP_SDES = 202,
RTCP_BYE = 203,
RTCP_APP = 204
} rtcp_type_t;
typedef enum {
RTCP_SDES_END = 0,
RTCP_SDES_CNAME = 1,
RTCP_SDES_NAME = 2,
RTCP_SDES_EMAIL = 3,
RTCP_SDES_PHONE = 4,
RTCP_SDES_LOC = 5,
RTCP_SDES_TOOL = 6,
RTCP_SDES_NOTE = 7,
RTCP_SDES_PRIV = 8
} rtcp_sdes_type_t;
/*
* RTP data header
*/
typedef struct {
unsigned int version:2; /* protocol version */
unsigned int p:1; /* padding flag */
unsigned int x:1; /* header extension flag */
unsigned int cc:4; /* CSRC count */
unsigned int m:1; /* marker bit */
unsigned int pt:7; /* payload type */
u_int16 seq; /* sequence number */
u_int32 ts; /* timestamp */
u_int32 ssrc; /* synchronization source */
u_int32 csrc[1]; /* optional CSRC list */
} rtp_hdr_t;
/*
* RTCP common header word
*/
typedef struct {
unsigned int version:2; /* protocol version */
unsigned int p:1; /* padding flag */
unsigned int count:5; /* varies by packet type */
unsigned int pt:8; /* RTCP packet type */
u_int16 length; /* pkt len in words, w/o this word */
} rtcp_common_t;
/*
* Big-endian mask for version, padding bit and packet type pair
*/
#define RTCP_VALID_MASK (0xc000 | 0x2000 | 0xfe)
#define RTCP_VALID_VALUE ((RTP_VERSION << 14) | RTCP_SR)
/*
* Reception report block
*/
typedef struct {
u_int32 ssrc; /* data source being reported */
unsigned int fraction:8; /* fraction lost since last SR/RR */
int lost:24; /* cumul. no. pkts lost (signed!) */
u_int32 last_seq; /* extended last seq. no. received */
u_int32 jitter; /* interarrival jitter */
u_int32 lsr; /* last SR packet from this source */
u_int32 dlsr; /* delay since last SR packet */
} rtcp_rr_t;
/*
* SDES item
*/
typedef struct {
u_int8 type; /* type of item (rtcp_sdes_type_t) */
u_int8 length; /* length of item (in octets) */
char data[1]; /* text, not null-terminated */
} rtcp_sdes_item_t;
/*
* One RTCP packet
*/
typedef struct {
rtcp_common_t common; /* common header */
union {
/* sender report (SR) */
struct {
u_int32 ssrc; /* sender generating this report */
u_int32 ntp_sec; /* NTP timestamp */
u_int32 ntp_frac;
u_int32 rtp_ts; /* RTP timestamp */
u_int32 psent; /* packets sent */
u_int32 osent; /* octets sent */
rtcp_rr_t rr[1]; /* variable-length list */
} sr;
/* reception report (RR) */
struct {
u_int32 ssrc; /* receiver generating this report */
rtcp_rr_t rr[1]; /* variable-length list */
} rr;
/* source description (SDES) */
struct rtcp_sdes {
u_int32 src; /* first SSRC/CSRC */
rtcp_sdes_item_t item[1]; /* list of SDES items */
} sdes;
/* BYE */
struct {
u_int32 src[1]; /* list of sources */
/* can't express trailing text for reason */
} bye;
} r;
} rtcp_t;
