Centos-7.x 下子网掩码的配置
【背景】
今天在自己的虚拟机上安装上了centos-7.6操作系统,应该是安装的过程中大意了;安装完成后虚拟机可以正常访问外网但是
我的笔记本连接不上虚拟机。
笔记本的IP地址:172.16.192.1 虚拟机地址:172.16.192.200 虚拟机网关:172.16.192.2
【笔记本ping虚拟机】
ping 172.16.192.200
PING 172.16.192.200 (172.16.192.200): 56 data bytes Request timeout for icmp_seq 0 Request timeout for icmp_seq 1 Request timeout for icmp_seq 2 Request timeout for icmp_seq 3 4 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100.0% packet loss
由上面的结果可以看出笔记本ping不能虚拟机、笔记本上对应网卡的信息如下:
ifconfig vmnet8
vmnet8: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether 00:50:56:c0:00:08 inet 172.16.192.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 172.16.192.255
以上内容可以提取出一个非常重要的信息,笔记本上的172.16.192.1对就的子网掩码为255.255.255.0
【虚拟机可以正常上外网】
ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (14.215.177.38) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 14.215.177.38 (14.215.177.38): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=10.9 ms 64 bytes from 14.215.177.38 (14.215.177.38): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=12.4 ms 64 bytes from 14.215.177.38 (14.215.177.38): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=11.5 ms --- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2004ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 10.960/11.660/12.451/0.618 ms
看到上面的信息第一感觉是有鬼了,但是我并没有放弃还是决定debug一下,首先想到的是看一下虚拟机上网卡的状态
ifconfig ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 172.16.192.200 netmask 255.255.255.248 broadcast 172.16.192.207 inet6 fe80::adf:d6e7:6f20:e33 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:0c:29:72:84:80 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 734 bytes 64157 (62.6 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 554 bytes 59560 (58.1 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 40 bytes 3208 (3.1 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 40 bytes 3208 (3.1 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
这下问题明确了172.16.192.200 对应的子网掩码是255.255.255.248;我这里就直接采用简单粗暴的方式把虚拟机加入到255.255.255.0这个子网。
【解决问题】
cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 TYPE="Ethernet" PROXY_METHOD="none" BROWSER_ONLY="no" BOOTPROTO="none" DEFROUTE="yes" IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no" IPV6INIT="yes" IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes" IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes" IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no" IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy" NAME="ens33" UUID="58d375dc-2655-456d-b56d-a52837177e08" DEVICE="ens33" ONBOOT="yes" IPADDR="172.16.192.200" PREFIX="29" GATEWAY="172.16.192.2" DNS1="172.16.192.2" IPV6_PRIVACY="no"
从网卡的配置文件上没有看到有netmask呀! 老DBA了我决定用一点点经验来解决问题(反正这个虚拟机是刚创建出来的我输的起),仔细分析
后发现PREFIX这个项最有可能是用来设置掩码的;255.255.255.0对应的就是24个1嘛,决定把它从29改到24然后重启一下网络
第一步:改PREFIX为24
cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 TYPE="Ethernet" PROXY_METHOD="none" BROWSER_ONLY="no" BOOTPROTO="none" DEFROUTE="yes" IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no" IPV6INIT="yes" IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes" IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes" IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no" IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy" NAME="ens33" UUID="58d375dc-2655-456d-b56d-a52837177e08" DEVICE="ens33" ONBOOT="yes" IPADDR="172.16.192.200" PREFIX="24" GATEWAY="172.16.192.2" DNS1="172.16.192.2" IPV6_PRIVACY="no"
第二步:重启网络
systemctl restart network
第三步:查看虚拟机的网卡信息
ifconfig ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 172.16.192.200 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.16.192.255 inet6 fe80::adf:d6e7:6f20:e33 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:0c:29:72:84:80 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 1622 bytes 141206 (137.8 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 1076 bytes 121838 (118.9 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 40 bytes 3208 (3.1 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 40 bytes 3208 (3.1 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
哈哈! 还真是这个。
第四步:在笔记本上是否可能连接到虚拟机
ping 172.16.192.200 PING 172.16.192.200 (172.16.192.200): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 172.16.192.200: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.304 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.192.200: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.475 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.192.200: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.540 ms ^C --- 172.16.192.200 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0.0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.304/0.440/0.540/0.100 ms
【总结】
人(我自己吧)在某一领域内有一定的经验后,在面对一些第一次遇到的问题的时;有一重倾向,就是不看日志也没有做特别深入的分析就直接,经验
主义的来一发。
通常有那么一引起问题可以被这样低成本的解决,不过方法论上是否正确还有待商榷。
【我的个人站点】