C#串口介绍以及简单串口通信程序设计实现

周末，没事干，写个简单的串口通信工具，也算是本周末曾来过，废话不多，直接到主题

串口介绍

　　串行接口简称串口，也称串行通信接口或串行通讯接口（通常指COM接口），是采用串行通信方式的扩展接口。（至于再详细，自己百度）

串口应用：

　　工业领域使用较多，比如:数据采集，设备控制等等，好多都是用串口通信来实现！你要是细心的话，你会发现，目前家用国网智能电能表就具备RS485通信总线（串行总线的一种）与RS232可以相互转化（当然一般，非专业的谁也不会闲的蛋疼，趴电表上瞎看,最多也就看看走了多少度电）

RS232 DB9介绍：

1.示意图

2.针脚介绍：

载波检测(DCD)
接受数据(RXD)
发出数据(TXD)
数据终端准备好(DTR)
信号地线(SG)
数据准备好(DSR)
请求发送(RTS)
清除发送(CTS)
振铃指示(RI)

3.实物图：

以下是我购买XX公司的一个usb转串口线：这个头就是一个公头，另一端是一个usb口

笨小孩串口工具运行图：

1.开启程序

2.发送一行字符串HelloBenXH，直接将针脚的发送和接收链接起来就可以测试了（针脚2 接受数据(RXD) 和3 发出数据(TXD)）直接链接,

C#代码实现：采用SerialPort

1.实例化一个SerialPort

1 private SerialPort ComDevice = new SerialPort();

2.初始化参数绑定接收数据事件

 1 public void init()
 2         {
 3             btnSend.Enabled = false;
 4             cbbComList.Items.AddRange(SerialPort.GetPortNames());
 5             if (cbbComList.Items.Count > 0)
 6             {
 7                 cbbComList.SelectedIndex = 0;
 8             }
 9             cbbBaudRate.SelectedIndex = 5;
10             cbbDataBits.SelectedIndex = 0;
11             cbbParity.SelectedIndex = 0; 
12             cbbStopBits.SelectedIndex = 0;
13             pictureBox1.BackgroundImage = Properties.Resources.red;
14 
15             ComDevice.DataReceived += new SerialDataReceivedEventHandler(Com_DataReceived);//绑定事件
16             
17         }

3.打开串口button事件

 1 /// <summary>
 2         /// 打开串口
 3         /// </summary>
 4         /// <param name="sender"></param>
 5         /// <param name="e"></param>
 6         private void btnOpen_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
 7         {
 8             if (cbbComList.Items.Count <= 0)
 9             {
10                 MessageBox.Show("没有发现串口,请检查线路！");
11                 return;
12             }
13 
14             if (ComDevice.IsOpen == false)
15             {
16                 ComDevice.PortName = cbbComList.SelectedItem.ToString();
17                 ComDevice.BaudRate = Convert.ToInt32(cbbBaudRate.SelectedItem.ToString());
18                 ComDevice.Parity = (Parity)Convert.ToInt32(cbbParity.SelectedIndex.ToString());
19                 ComDevice.DataBits = Convert.ToInt32(cbbDataBits.SelectedItem.ToString());
20                 ComDevice.StopBits = (StopBits)Convert.ToInt32(cbbStopBits.SelectedItem.ToString());
21                 try
22                 {
23                     ComDevice.Open();
24                     btnSend.Enabled = true;
25                 }
26                 catch (Exception ex)
27                 {
28                     MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
29                     return;
30                 }
31                 btnOpen.Text = "关闭串口";
32                 pictureBox1.BackgroundImage = Properties.Resources.green;
33             }
34             else
35             {
36                 try
37                 {
38                     ComDevice.Close();
39                     btnSend.Enabled = false;
40                 }
41                 catch (Exception ex)
42                 {
43                     MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
44                 }
45                 btnOpen.Text = "打开串口";
46                 pictureBox1.BackgroundImage = Properties.Resources.red;
47             }
48 
49             cbbComList.Enabled = !ComDevice.IsOpen;
50             cbbBaudRate.Enabled = !ComDevice.IsOpen;
51             cbbParity.Enabled = !ComDevice.IsOpen;
52             cbbDataBits.Enabled = !ComDevice.IsOpen;
53             cbbStopBits.Enabled = !ComDevice.IsOpen;
54         }

4.发送数据

 1 /// <summary>
 2         /// 发送数据
 3         /// </summary>
 4         /// <param name="sender"></param>
 5         /// <param name="data"></param>
 6         public bool SendData(byte[] data)
 7         {
 8             if (ComDevice.IsOpen)
 9             {
10                 try
11                 {
12                     ComDevice.Write(data, 0, data.Length);//发送数据
13                     return true;
14                 }
15                 catch (Exception ex)
16                 {
17                     MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
18                 }
19             }
20             else
21             {
22                 MessageBox.Show("串口未打开", "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
23             }
24             return false;
25         }
26 
27         /// <summary>
28         /// 发送数据button事件
29         /// </summary>
30         /// <param name="sender"></param>
31         /// <param name="e"></param>
32         private void btnSend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
33         {
34             byte[] sendData = null;
35 
36             if (rbtnSendHex.Checked)
37             {
38                 sendData = strToHexByte(txtSendData.Text.Trim());
39             }
40             else if (rbtnSendASCII.Checked)
41             {
42                 sendData = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(txtSendData.Text.Trim());
43             }
44             else if (rbtnSendUTF8.Checked)
45             {
46                 sendData = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(txtSendData.Text.Trim());
47             }
48             else if (rbtnSendUnicode.Checked)
49             {
50                 sendData = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(txtSendData.Text.Trim());
51             }
52             else
53             {
54                 sendData = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(txtSendData.Text.Trim());
55             }
56 
57             if (this.SendData(sendData))//发送数据成功计数
58             {
59                 lblSendCount.Invoke(new MethodInvoker(delegate
60                 {
61                     lblSendCount.Text = (int.Parse(lblSendCount.Text) + txtSendData.Text.Length).ToString();
62                 }));
63             }
64             else
65             {
66 
67             }
68 
69         }
70 
71         /// <summary>
72         /// 字符串转换16进制字节数组
73         /// </summary>
74         /// <param name="hexString"></param>
75         /// <returns></returns>
76         private byte[] strToHexByte(string hexString)
77         {
78             hexString = hexString.Replace(" ", "");
79             if ((hexString.Length % 2) != 0)
80                 hexString += " ";
81             byte[] returnBytes = new byte[hexString.Length / 2];
82             for (int i = 0; i < returnBytes.Length; i++)
83                 returnBytes[i] = Convert.ToByte(hexString.Substring(i * 2, 2).Replace(" ",""), 16);
84             return returnBytes;
85         }

5.接收和数据输出

 1 /// <summary>
 2         /// 接收数据
 3         /// </summary>
 4         /// <param name="sender"></param>
 5         /// <param name="e"></param>
 6         private void Com_DataReceived(object sender, SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e)
 7         {
 8             byte[] ReDatas = new byte[ComDevice.BytesToRead];
 9             ComDevice.Read(ReDatas, 0, ReDatas.Length);//读取数据
10             this.AddData(ReDatas);//输出数据
11         }
12        
13         /// <summary>
14         /// 添加数据
15         /// </summary>
16         /// <param name="data">字节数组</param>
17         public void AddData(byte[] data)
18         {
19             if (rbtnHex.Checked)
20             {
21                 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
22                 for (int i = 0; i < data.Length; i++)
23                 {
24                     sb.AppendFormat("{0:x2}" + " ", data[i]);
25                 }
26                 AddContent(sb.ToString().ToUpper());
27             }
28             else if (rbtnASCII.Checked)
29             {
30                 AddContent(new ASCIIEncoding().GetString(data));
31             }
32             else if (rbtnUTF8.Checked)
33             {
34                 AddContent(new UTF8Encoding().GetString(data));
35             }
36             else if (rbtnUnicode.Checked)
37             {
38                 AddContent(new UnicodeEncoding().GetString(data));
39             }
40             else
41             {}
42           
43             lblRevCount.Invoke(new MethodInvoker(delegate
44             {
45                 lblRevCount.Text = (int.Parse(lblRevCount.Text) + data.Length).ToString();
46             }));
47         }
48 
49 
50         /// <summary>
51         /// 输入到显示区域
52         /// </summary>
53         /// <param name="content"></param>
54         private void AddContent(string content)
55         {
56             this.BeginInvoke(new MethodInvoker(delegate
57             {
58                 if(chkAutoLine.Checked && txtShowData.Text.Length>0)
59                 {
60                     txtShowData.AppendText("\r\n");
61                 }
62                 txtShowData.AppendText(content);
63             }));
64         }

6.清空数据区域事件

 1 /// <summary>
 2         /// 清空接收区
 3         /// </summary>
 4         /// <param name="sender"></param>
 5         /// <param name="e"></param>
 6         private void btnClearRev_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
 7         {
 8             txtShowData.Clear();
 9         }
10 
11         /// <summary>
12         /// 清空发送区
13         /// </summary>
14         /// <param name="sender"></param>
15         /// <param name="e"></param>
16         private void btnClearSend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
17         {
18             txtSendData.Clear();
19         }