关于JWT的.net 使用(简单明了直接代码)
首先第一步:下载插件!
在ui层---控制器所在层添加一个类
然后复制如下
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration; using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Security.Claims; using System.Text; using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt; namespace JwtAuthDemo.Helpers { public class JwtHelpers { private readonly IConfiguration Configuration; public JwtHelpers(IConfiguration configuration) { this.Configuration = configuration; } public string GenerateToken(string userName, int expireMinutes = 30) { var issuer = Configuration.GetValue<string>("JwtSettings:Issuer"); var signKey = Configuration.GetValue<string>("JwtSettings:SignKey"); // 設定要加入到 JWT Token 中的聲明資訊(Claims) var claims = new List<Claim>(); // 在 RFC 7519 規格中(Section#4),總共定義了 7 個預設的 Claims,我們應該只用的到兩種! //claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Iss, issuer)); claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Sub, userName)); // User.Identity.Name //claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Aud, "The Audience")); //claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Exp, DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddMinutes(30).ToUnixTimeSeconds().ToString())); //claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Nbf, DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToUnixTimeSeconds().ToString())); // 必須為數字 //claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Iat, DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToUnixTimeSeconds().ToString())); // 必須為數字 claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Jti, Guid.NewGuid().ToString())); // JWT ID // 網路上常看到的這個 NameId 設定是多餘的 //claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.NameId, userName)); // 這個 Claim 也以直接被 JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Sub 取代,所以也是多餘的 //claims.Add(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, userName)); // 你可以自行擴充 "roles" 加入登入者該有的角色 claims.Add(new Claim("roles", "Admin")); claims.Add(new Claim("roles", "Users")); var userClaimsIdentity = new ClaimsIdentity(claims); // 建立一組對稱式加密的金鑰,主要用於 JWT 簽章之用 var securityKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(signKey)); // HmacSha256 有要求必須要大於 128 bits,所以 key 不能太短,至少要 16 字元以上 // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47279947/idx10603-the-algorithm-hs256-requires-the-securitykey-keysize-to-be-greater var signingCredentials = new SigningCredentials(securityKey, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256Signature); // 建立 SecurityTokenDescriptor var tokenDescriptor = new SecurityTokenDescriptor { Issuer = issuer, //Audience = issuer, // 由於你的 API 受眾通常沒有區分特別對象,因此通常不太需要設定,也不太需要驗證 //NotBefore = DateTime.Now, // 預設值就是 DateTime.Now //IssuedAt = DateTime.Now, // 預設值就是 DateTime.Now Subject = userClaimsIdentity, Expires = DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(expireMinutes), SigningCredentials = signingCredentials }; // 產出所需要的 JWT securityToken 物件,並取得序列化後的 Token 結果(字串格式) var tokenHandler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler(); var securityToken = tokenHandler.CreateToken(tokenDescriptor); var serializeToken = tokenHandler.WriteToken(securityToken); return serializeToken; } } }
然后Startup进行配置
#region 开启Swagger认证 c.AddSecurityDefinition("Bearer", new OpenApiSecurityScheme() { Description = "在下框中输入请求头中需要添加Jwt授权Token:Bearer Token", Name = "Authorization", In = ParameterLocation.Header, Type = SecuritySchemeType.ApiKey, BearerFormat = "JWT", Scheme = "Bearer" }); c.AddSecurityRequirement(new OpenApiSecurityRequirement { { new OpenApiSecurityScheme { Reference = new OpenApiReference { Type = ReferenceType.SecurityScheme, Id = "Bearer" } }, new string[] { } } }); #endregion
粘贴在这个位置
这段粘贴在下面的 services的位置
services .AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme) .AddJwtBearer(options => { // 當驗證失敗時,回應標頭會包含 WWW-Authenticate 標頭,這裡會顯示失敗的詳細錯誤原因 options.IncludeErrorDetails = true; // 預設值為 true,有時會特別關閉 options.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters { // 透過這項宣告,就可以從 "sub" 取值並設定給 User.Identity.Name NameClaimType = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/nameidentifier", // 透過這項宣告,就可以從 "roles" 取值,並可讓 [Authorize] 判斷角色 RoleClaimType = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/role", // 一般我們都會驗證 Issuer ValidateIssuer = true, ValidIssuer = Configuration.GetValue<string>("JwtSettings:Issuer"), // 通常不太需要驗證 Audience ValidateAudience = false, //ValidAudience = "JwtAuthDemo", // 不驗證就不需要填寫 // 一般我們都會驗證 Token 的有效期間 ValidateLifetime = true, // 如果 Token 中包含 key 才需要驗證,一般都只有簽章而已 ValidateIssuerSigningKey = false, // "1234567890123456" 應該從 IConfiguration 取得 IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Configuration.GetValue<string>("JwtSettings:SignKey"))) }; });
services.AddSingleton<JwtHelpers>();
授权!!!顺序不可变
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();
在appsetting中添加配置
"AllowedHosts": "*", "JwtSettings": { "Issuer": "JwtAuthDemo", "SignKey": "1Zl4h9703IzROikK3@uK&&OEb" },
最后在控制器使用
//注入 private readonly JwtHelpers jwt; public MenuController JwtHelpers jwts) { jwt = jwts; }
案例:登录使用
[AllowAnonymous] [HttpPost("~/signin")] public IActionResult Login(string Email, string Pwd) { var list = dal.Login(Email, Pwd); if (list.Success) { var token = jwt.GenerateToken(Email); HttpContext.Response.Headers["token"] = token; return Ok(list); } return Ok(list); }
前台使用:vue方法
$http.interceptors.request.use(config=>{ const token=localStorage.getItem('token'); if(token){ config.headers.Authorization='Bearer'+token; } return config; })
登录页面:
localStorage.setItem("token",res.headers.token);