Python-SocketServer模块

1、SocketServer:

  socket编程过于底层,编程虽然有套路,但是想要写出健壮的代码还是比较困难的,所以很多语言都对socket底层
  API进行封装,Python的封装就是——socketserver模块。它是网络服务编程框架,便于企业级快速开发

2、类的继承关系:

+------------+
| BaseServer |
+------------+
        |
        v
+-----------+              +------------------+
| TCPServer |------->| UnixStreamServer |
+-----------+             +------------------+
        |
        v
+-----------+              +--------------------+
| UDPServer |------->| UnixDatagramServer |
+-----------+                +--------------------+                         

   SocketServer简化了网络服务器的编写。

    它有4个同步类:

        TCPServer,UDPServer,UnixStreamServer,UnixDatagramServer。
    2个Mixin类:  

        ForkingMixIn 和 ThreadingMixIn 类,用来支持异步。

    class ForkingUDPServer(ForkingMixIn, UDPServer): pass
    class ForkingTCPServer(ForkingMixIn, TCPServer): pass
    class ThreadingUDPServer(ThreadingMixIn, UDPServer): pass
    class ThreadingTCPServer(ThreadingMixIn, TCPServer): pass
    fork是创建多进程,thread是创建多线程

3、编程接口:

  socketserver.BaseServer(server_address, RequestHandlerClass)
  需要提供服务器绑定的地址信息,和用于处理请求的RequestHandlerClass类。
  RequestHandlerClass类必须是BaseRequestHandler类的子类,在BaseServer中代码如下:

 1 # BaseServer代码 ----》
 2 class BaseServer:
 3   def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass):
 4     """Constructor. May be extended, do not override."""
 5     self.server_address = server_address
 6     self.RequestHandlerClass = RequestHandlerClass
 7     self.__is_shut_down = threading.Event()
 8     self.__shutdown_request = False
 9   def finish_request(self, request, client_address): # 处理请求的方法
10     """Finish one request by instantiating RequestHandlerClass."""
11     self.RequestHandlerClass(request, client_address, self) # RequestHandlerClass构造

 

  BaseRequestHandler类
    它是和用户连接的用户请求处理类的基类,定义为BaseRequestHandler(request, client_address, server)

  服务端Server实例接收用户请求后,最后会实例化这个类。
  它被初始化时,送入3个构造参数:request, client_address, server自身
  以后就可以在BaseRequestHandler类的实例上使用以下属性:
  self.request是和客户端的连接的socket对象
  self.server是TCPServer实例本身
  self.client_address是客户端地址‘

  这个类在初始化的时候,它会依次调用3个方法。子类可以覆盖这些方法。

 1 # BaseRequestHandler要子类覆盖的方法
 2 class BaseRequestHandler:
 3   def __init__(self, request, client_address, server):
 4     self.request = request
 5     self.client_address = client_address
 6     self.server = server
 7     self.setup()
 8   try:
 9     self.handle()
10   finally:
11     self.finish()
12   def setup(self): # 每一个连接初始化
13     pass
14   def handle(self): # 每一次请求处理
15     pass
16   def finish(self): # 每一个连接清理
17     pass

 

  测试:

 1 import threading
 2 import socketserver
 3 
 4 class MyHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):
 5     def handle(self):
 6         # super().handle() # 可以不调用,父类handle什么都没有做,一般习惯性的调用一下父类的
 7         print('-'*30)
 8         print(self.__dict__)
 9         print(self.server) # 服务
10         print(self.request) # 服务端负责客户端连接请求的socket对象
11         print(self.client_address) # 客户端地址
12         print(self.__dict__)
13         print(self.server.__dict__) # 能看到负责accept的socket
14 
15         print(threading.enumerate())
16         print(threading.current_thread())
17         print('-'*30)
18 
19 addr = ('127.0.0.1', 9999)
20 server = socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer(addr, MyHandler) # 生成一个多线程的server
21 print(server.__class__.__name__)
22 
23 
24 server.serve_forever() # 永久开启
测试

  结果:

 1 D:\python3.7\python.exe E:/code_pycharm/复习/t4.py
 2 ThreadingTCPServer
 3 ------------------------------
 4 {'request': <socket.socket fd=244, family=AddressFamily.AF_INET, type=SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM, proto=0, laddr=('127.0.0.1', 9999), raddr=('127.0.0.1', 63665)>, 'client_address': ('127.0.0.1', 63665), 'server': <socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer object at 0x000000000224C438>}
 5 <socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer object at 0x000000000224C438>
 6 <socket.socket fd=244, family=AddressFamily.AF_INET, type=SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM, proto=0, laddr=('127.0.0.1', 9999), raddr=('127.0.0.1', 63665)>
 7 ('127.0.0.1', 63665)
 8 {'request': <socket.socket fd=244, family=AddressFamily.AF_INET, type=SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM, proto=0, laddr=('127.0.0.1', 9999), raddr=('127.0.0.1', 63665)>, 'client_address': ('127.0.0.1', 63665), 'server': <socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer object at 0x000000000224C438>}
 9 {'server_address': ('127.0.0.1', 9999), 'RequestHandlerClass': <class '__main__.MyHandler'>, '_BaseServer__is_shut_down': <threading.Event object at 0x000000000224C860>, '_BaseServer__shutdown_request': False, 'socket': <socket.socket fd=228, family=AddressFamily.AF_INET, type=SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM, proto=0, laddr=('127.0.0.1', 9999)>, '_threads': [<Thread(Thread-1, started 8732)>]}
10 [<_MainThread(MainThread, started 8048)>, <Thread(Thread-1, started 8732)>]
11 <Thread(Thread-1, started 8732)>
12 ------------------------------
13 
14 Process finished with exit code 1
View Code

  测试结果说明:

    handler方法相当于socket的recv方法

    生成的Baseserver 对象(ThreadingTCPServer),就包含了accept,可以通过server.__dict_-可以看到accept的socket

    每个不同的连接上的请求过来后,

      生成这个连接的socket对象,即self.request,

      客户端地址是,self.client_address

    而且没有请求进来,阻塞在server_forever()

    但是,上面的代码,连接后就客户端 立即断开了

  测试:客户端 和 服务器端持久连接

 1 import threading
 2 import socketserver
 3 
 4 class MyHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):
 5     def handle(self):
 6         # super().handle() # 可以不调用,父类handle什么都没有做,一般习惯性的调用一下父类的
 7         print('-'*30)
 8         print(self.server) # 服务
 9 
10         # print('=================')
11         print(self.request) # 服务端负责客户端连接请求的socket对象
12         print(self.client_address) # 客户端地址
13         print(self.__dict__)
14         print(self.server.__dict__) # 能看到负责accept的socket
15 
16         print(threading.enumerate())
17         print(threading.current_thread())
18         print('-'*30)
19 
20         for i in range(3):
21             data = self.request.recv(1024)
22             print(data)
23             print(' ===== end ==== ')
24 
25 addr = ('127.0.0.1', 9999)
26 server = socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer(addr, MyHandler) # 生成一个多线程的server
27 
28 server.serve_forever() # 永久开启
29 # print(server.__dict__)
添加循环实现

  结果:每次都阻塞在recv,当循环结束,客户端 断开,服务器端一直没有断开

 1 D:\python3.7\python.exe E:/code_pycharm/复习/t4.py
 2 ------------------------------
 3 <socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer object at 0x000000000294C438>
 4 <socket.socket fd=244, family=AddressFamily.AF_INET, type=SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM, proto=0, laddr=('127.0.0.1', 9999), raddr=('127.0.0.1', 64303)>
 5 ('127.0.0.1', 64303)
 6 {'request': <socket.socket fd=244, family=AddressFamily.AF_INET, type=SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM, proto=0, laddr=('127.0.0.1', 9999), raddr=('127.0.0.1', 64303)>, 'client_address': ('127.0.0.1', 64303), 'server': <socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer object at 0x000000000294C438>}
 7 {'server_address': ('127.0.0.1', 9999), 'RequestHandlerClass': <class '__main__.MyHandler'>, '_BaseServer__is_shut_down': <threading.Event object at 0x000000000294C860>, '_BaseServer__shutdown_request': False, 'socket': <socket.socket fd=228, family=AddressFamily.AF_INET, type=SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM, proto=0, laddr=('127.0.0.1', 9999)>, '_threads': [<Thread(Thread-1, started 4756)>]}
 8 [<_MainThread(MainThread, started 6112)>, <Thread(Thread-1, started 4756)>]
 9 <Thread(Thread-1, started 4756)>
10 ------------------------------
11 b'd'
12  ===== end ==== 
13 b'd'
14  ===== end ==== 
15 b'd'
16  ===== end ==== 
3次之后断开连接

 

  将ThreadingTCPServer 换成TCPServer, 同时连接2个客户端观察效果发现,是串行的,一个结束之后,才能另外一个处理

  并且每次都是阻塞到 recv 方法处

  ThreadingTCPServer 是异步的,可以同时处理多个请求。

  TCPServer 是同步的,一个连接处理完了,即一个连接的 handle方法 执行完了,才能处理另一个连接,且只有主线程。

  总结:

    创建服务器需要的几个步骤:

    1. 从BaseRequestHandler类派生出子类,并覆盖器handler() 方法来创建请求处理程序类,此方法将处理传入请求
    2. 实例化一个服务器类,传参服务器的地址和请求处理类
    3. 调用服务器实例的handle_request(),或server_forever() 方法
    4. 调用server_close()关闭套接字

4、测试实例

  4.1、显示EchoServer

    顾名思义,回显消息  

 1 import threading
 2 from  socketserver import ThreadingTCPServer, TCPServer, BaseRequestHandler
 3 import  sys
 4 
 5 class EchoHandler(BaseRequestHandler):
 6     def setup(self):
 7         super().setup()
 8         self.event = threading.Event() # 初始化工作
 9 
10     def finish(self):
11         super().finish()
12         self.event.set() # 清理工作
13 
14     def handle(self):
15         super().handle()
16 
17         try:
18             while not self.event.is_set():
19                 data = self.request.recv(1024).decode()
20                 msg = '{}{}'.format(self.client_address, data).encode()
21                 self.request.send(msg)
22         except Exception as e:
23             print(e)
24 
25         finally:
26             print('=== end ====')
27 
28 
29 server = ThreadingTCPServer(('127.0.0.1', 9999), EchoHandler)
30 
31 server_thread = threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever, name='EchoServer', daemon=True)
32 server_thread.start()
33 
34 
35 try:
36     while True:
37         cmd = input('>>')
38         if cmd.strip() == 'quit':
39             server.shutdown()
40             break
41         print(threading.enumerate())
42 except Exception as e:
43     print(e)
44 except KeyboardInterrupt:
45     pass
46 finally:
47     print('exit')
48     sys.exit(0)
View Code

   4.2、实现群聊

 1 import threading
 2 from socketserver import ThreadingTCPServer, BaseRequestHandler
 3 import sys
 4 import logging
 5 
 6 FOMAT = '%(asctime)s %(thread)s %(threadName)s %(message)s'
 7 logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format=FOMAT)
 8 
 9 class ChatServerHanlder(BaseRequestHandler):
10     clients = {}
11 
12 
13     def setup(self):
14         super().setup()
15         self.event = threading.Event()
16         self.clients[self.request] = self.client_address
17 
18     def finish(self):
19         super().finish()
20         self.clients.pop(self.request)
21         self.event.set()
22         print(self.clients)
23 
24 
25 
26     def handle(self):
27         super().handle()
28 
29         while not self.event.is_set():
30             data = self.request.recv(1024)
31 
32             if data.strip() == b'quit' or data == b'':
33                 break
34 
35             msg = ' your msg is {} '.format(data.decode()).encode()
36 
37             for s in self.clients:
38                 s.send(msg)
39 
40 
41 laddr = ('127.0.0.1', 9999)
42 server = ThreadingTCPServer(laddr, ChatServerHanlder)
43 print(server.socket)
44 threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever, name='server').start()
45 
46 try:
47     while True:
48         cmd = input(">>>>")
49         if cmd == 'quit':
50             server.shutdown()
51             break
52         print(threading.enumerate())
53 except Exception as e:
54     print(e)
55 
56 except KeyboardInterrupt:
57     pass
58 finally:
59     print('exit')
60     sys.exit(0)
View Code

 

 

总结:

  为每一个连接提供RequestHandlerClass 类实例,一次调用 setup, handle, finish 方法,且使用了try...finally结构保证finish方法一定鞥呢被调动,这些方法一次执行完成,如果想维持这个连接和客户端通信,就需要在handle函数中使用循环,

  socketserver模块提供的不同的,但是编程接口是一样的,即使多线程,多线程的类也是一样的 ,大大减少了编程难度。

  socket 是由self.request 管理的,不需要自己去close,只需要清理自己定义的一些资源。

  每一个请求,生成一个handler 类的实例。各自操作自己的实例属性,以及公用的类属性

  

 

posted @ 2018-11-05 22:37  JerryZao  阅读(1289)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报