Python-SocketServer模块
1、SocketServer:
socket编程过于底层,编程虽然有套路,但是想要写出健壮的代码还是比较困难的,所以很多语言都对socket底层
API进行封装,Python的封装就是——socketserver模块。它是网络服务编程框架,便于企业级快速开发
2、类的继承关系:
+------------+ | BaseServer | +------------+ | v +-----------+ +------------------+ | TCPServer |------->| UnixStreamServer | +-----------+ +------------------+ | v +-----------+ +--------------------+ | UDPServer |------->| UnixDatagramServer | +-----------+ +--------------------+
SocketServer简化了网络服务器的编写。
它有4个同步类:
TCPServer,UDPServer,UnixStreamServer,UnixDatagramServer。
2个Mixin类:
ForkingMixIn 和 ThreadingMixIn 类,用来支持异步。
class ForkingUDPServer(ForkingMixIn, UDPServer): pass
class ForkingTCPServer(ForkingMixIn, TCPServer): pass
class ThreadingUDPServer(ThreadingMixIn, UDPServer): pass
class ThreadingTCPServer(ThreadingMixIn, TCPServer): pass
fork是创建多进程,thread是创建多线程
3、编程接口:
socketserver.BaseServer(server_address, RequestHandlerClass)
需要提供服务器绑定的地址信息,和用于处理请求的RequestHandlerClass类。
RequestHandlerClass类必须是BaseRequestHandler类的子类,在BaseServer中代码如下:
1 # BaseServer代码 ----》 2 class BaseServer: 3 def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass): 4 """Constructor. May be extended, do not override.""" 5 self.server_address = server_address 6 self.RequestHandlerClass = RequestHandlerClass 7 self.__is_shut_down = threading.Event() 8 self.__shutdown_request = False 9 def finish_request(self, request, client_address): # 处理请求的方法 10 """Finish one request by instantiating RequestHandlerClass.""" 11 self.RequestHandlerClass(request, client_address, self) # RequestHandlerClass构造
BaseRequestHandler类
它是和用户连接的用户请求处理类的基类,定义为BaseRequestHandler(request, client_address, server)
服务端Server实例接收用户请求后,最后会实例化这个类。
它被初始化时,送入3个构造参数:request, client_address, server自身
以后就可以在BaseRequestHandler类的实例上使用以下属性:
self.request是和客户端的连接的socket对象
self.server是TCPServer实例本身
self.client_address是客户端地址‘
这个类在初始化的时候,它会依次调用3个方法。子类可以覆盖这些方法。
1 # BaseRequestHandler要子类覆盖的方法 2 class BaseRequestHandler: 3 def __init__(self, request, client_address, server): 4 self.request = request 5 self.client_address = client_address 6 self.server = server 7 self.setup() 8 try: 9 self.handle() 10 finally: 11 self.finish() 12 def setup(self): # 每一个连接初始化 13 pass 14 def handle(self): # 每一次请求处理 15 pass 16 def finish(self): # 每一个连接清理 17 pass
测试:
1 import threading 2 import socketserver 3 4 class MyHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler): 5 def handle(self): 6 # super().handle() # 可以不调用,父类handle什么都没有做,一般习惯性的调用一下父类的 7 print('-'*30) 8 print(self.__dict__) 9 print(self.server) # 服务 10 print(self.request) # 服务端负责客户端连接请求的socket对象 11 print(self.client_address) # 客户端地址 12 print(self.__dict__) 13 print(self.server.__dict__) # 能看到负责accept的socket 14 15 print(threading.enumerate()) 16 print(threading.current_thread()) 17 print('-'*30) 18 19 addr = ('127.0.0.1', 9999) 20 server = socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer(addr, MyHandler) # 生成一个多线程的server 21 print(server.__class__.__name__) 22 23 24 server.serve_forever() # 永久开启
结果:
1 D:\python3.7\python.exe E:/code_pycharm/复习/t4.py 2 ThreadingTCPServer 3 ------------------------------ 4 {'request': <socket.socket fd=244, family=AddressFamily.AF_INET, type=SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM, proto=0, laddr=('127.0.0.1', 9999), raddr=('127.0.0.1', 63665)>, 'client_address': ('127.0.0.1', 63665), 'server': <socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer object at 0x000000000224C438>} 5 <socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer object at 0x000000000224C438> 6 <socket.socket fd=244, family=AddressFamily.AF_INET, type=SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM, proto=0, laddr=('127.0.0.1', 9999), raddr=('127.0.0.1', 63665)> 7 ('127.0.0.1', 63665) 8 {'request': <socket.socket fd=244, family=AddressFamily.AF_INET, type=SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM, proto=0, laddr=('127.0.0.1', 9999), raddr=('127.0.0.1', 63665)>, 'client_address': ('127.0.0.1', 63665), 'server': <socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer object at 0x000000000224C438>} 9 {'server_address': ('127.0.0.1', 9999), 'RequestHandlerClass': <class '__main__.MyHandler'>, '_BaseServer__is_shut_down': <threading.Event object at 0x000000000224C860>, '_BaseServer__shutdown_request': False, 'socket': <socket.socket fd=228, family=AddressFamily.AF_INET, type=SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM, proto=0, laddr=('127.0.0.1', 9999)>, '_threads': [<Thread(Thread-1, started 8732)>]} 10 [<_MainThread(MainThread, started 8048)>, <Thread(Thread-1, started 8732)>] 11 <Thread(Thread-1, started 8732)> 12 ------------------------------ 13 14 Process finished with exit code 1
测试结果说明:
handler方法相当于socket的recv方法
生成的Baseserver 对象(ThreadingTCPServer),就包含了accept,可以通过server.__dict_-可以看到accept的socket
每个不同的连接上的请求过来后,
生成这个连接的socket对象,即self.request,
客户端地址是,self.client_address
而且没有请求进来,阻塞在server_forever()
但是,上面的代码,连接后就客户端 立即断开了
测试:客户端 和 服务器端持久连接
1 import threading 2 import socketserver 3 4 class MyHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler): 5 def handle(self): 6 # super().handle() # 可以不调用,父类handle什么都没有做,一般习惯性的调用一下父类的 7 print('-'*30) 8 print(self.server) # 服务 9 10 # print('=================') 11 print(self.request) # 服务端负责客户端连接请求的socket对象 12 print(self.client_address) # 客户端地址 13 print(self.__dict__) 14 print(self.server.__dict__) # 能看到负责accept的socket 15 16 print(threading.enumerate()) 17 print(threading.current_thread()) 18 print('-'*30) 19 20 for i in range(3): 21 data = self.request.recv(1024) 22 print(data) 23 print(' ===== end ==== ') 24 25 addr = ('127.0.0.1', 9999) 26 server = socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer(addr, MyHandler) # 生成一个多线程的server 27 28 server.serve_forever() # 永久开启 29 # print(server.__dict__)
结果:每次都阻塞在recv,当循环结束,客户端 断开,服务器端一直没有断开
1 D:\python3.7\python.exe E:/code_pycharm/复习/t4.py
2 ------------------------------
3 <socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer object at 0x000000000294C438>
4 <socket.socket fd=244, family=AddressFamily.AF_INET, type=SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM, proto=0, laddr=('127.0.0.1', 9999), raddr=('127.0.0.1', 64303)>
5 ('127.0.0.1', 64303)
6 {'request': <socket.socket fd=244, family=AddressFamily.AF_INET, type=SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM, proto=0, laddr=('127.0.0.1', 9999), raddr=('127.0.0.1', 64303)>, 'client_address': ('127.0.0.1', 64303), 'server': <socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer object at 0x000000000294C438>}
7 {'server_address': ('127.0.0.1', 9999), 'RequestHandlerClass': <class '__main__.MyHandler'>, '_BaseServer__is_shut_down': <threading.Event object at 0x000000000294C860>, '_BaseServer__shutdown_request': False, 'socket': <socket.socket fd=228, family=AddressFamily.AF_INET, type=SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM, proto=0, laddr=('127.0.0.1', 9999)>, '_threads': [<Thread(Thread-1, started 4756)>]}
8 [<_MainThread(MainThread, started 6112)>, <Thread(Thread-1, started 4756)>]
9 <Thread(Thread-1, started 4756)>
10 ------------------------------
11 b'd'
12 ===== end ====
13 b'd'
14 ===== end ====
15 b'd'
16 ===== end ====
将ThreadingTCPServer 换成TCPServer, 同时连接2个客户端观察效果发现,是串行的,一个结束之后,才能另外一个处理
并且每次都是阻塞到 recv 方法处
ThreadingTCPServer 是异步的,可以同时处理多个请求。
TCPServer 是同步的,一个连接处理完了,即一个连接的 handle方法 执行完了,才能处理另一个连接,且只有主线程。
总结:
创建服务器需要的几个步骤:
- 从BaseRequestHandler类派生出子类,并覆盖器handler() 方法来创建请求处理程序类,此方法将处理传入请求
- 实例化一个服务器类,传参服务器的地址和请求处理类
- 调用服务器实例的handle_request(),或server_forever() 方法
- 调用server_close()关闭套接字
4、测试实例
4.1、显示EchoServer
顾名思义,回显消息
1 import threading 2 from socketserver import ThreadingTCPServer, TCPServer, BaseRequestHandler 3 import sys 4 5 class EchoHandler(BaseRequestHandler): 6 def setup(self): 7 super().setup() 8 self.event = threading.Event() # 初始化工作 9 10 def finish(self): 11 super().finish() 12 self.event.set() # 清理工作 13 14 def handle(self): 15 super().handle() 16 17 try: 18 while not self.event.is_set(): 19 data = self.request.recv(1024).decode() 20 msg = '{}{}'.format(self.client_address, data).encode() 21 self.request.send(msg) 22 except Exception as e: 23 print(e) 24 25 finally: 26 print('=== end ====') 27 28 29 server = ThreadingTCPServer(('127.0.0.1', 9999), EchoHandler) 30 31 server_thread = threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever, name='EchoServer', daemon=True) 32 server_thread.start() 33 34 35 try: 36 while True: 37 cmd = input('>>') 38 if cmd.strip() == 'quit': 39 server.shutdown() 40 break 41 print(threading.enumerate()) 42 except Exception as e: 43 print(e) 44 except KeyboardInterrupt: 45 pass 46 finally: 47 print('exit') 48 sys.exit(0)
4.2、实现群聊
1 import threading 2 from socketserver import ThreadingTCPServer, BaseRequestHandler 3 import sys 4 import logging 5 6 FOMAT = '%(asctime)s %(thread)s %(threadName)s %(message)s' 7 logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format=FOMAT) 8 9 class ChatServerHanlder(BaseRequestHandler): 10 clients = {} 11 12 13 def setup(self): 14 super().setup() 15 self.event = threading.Event() 16 self.clients[self.request] = self.client_address 17 18 def finish(self): 19 super().finish() 20 self.clients.pop(self.request) 21 self.event.set() 22 print(self.clients) 23 24 25 26 def handle(self): 27 super().handle() 28 29 while not self.event.is_set(): 30 data = self.request.recv(1024) 31 32 if data.strip() == b'quit' or data == b'': 33 break 34 35 msg = ' your msg is {} '.format(data.decode()).encode() 36 37 for s in self.clients: 38 s.send(msg) 39 40 41 laddr = ('127.0.0.1', 9999) 42 server = ThreadingTCPServer(laddr, ChatServerHanlder) 43 print(server.socket) 44 threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever, name='server').start() 45 46 try: 47 while True: 48 cmd = input(">>>>") 49 if cmd == 'quit': 50 server.shutdown() 51 break 52 print(threading.enumerate()) 53 except Exception as e: 54 print(e) 55 56 except KeyboardInterrupt: 57 pass 58 finally: 59 print('exit') 60 sys.exit(0)
总结:
为每一个连接提供RequestHandlerClass 类实例,一次调用 setup, handle, finish 方法,且使用了try...finally结构保证finish方法一定鞥呢被调动,这些方法一次执行完成,如果想维持这个连接和客户端通信,就需要在handle函数中使用循环,
socketserver模块提供的不同的,但是编程接口是一样的,即使多线程,多线程的类也是一样的 ,大大减少了编程难度。
socket 是由self.request 管理的,不需要自己去close,只需要清理自己定义的一些资源。
每一个请求,生成一个handler 类的实例。各自操作自己的实例属性,以及公用的类属性