C# 完美实现物联网 MQTT 数据通信
前言
MQTT 协议由于其用极少的代码和有限的带宽,为连接远程设备提供实时可靠的消息服务,具有开销低、占用带宽低、即时通讯等优点,使其在物联网、小型设备、移动应用等方面有较广泛的应用,在工业物联网中,MQTT也有广泛的应用。
Step By Step 步骤
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搭建一个 MQTT 服务器
- 见本人其它文章《手把手教你在 Windows 环境中搭建 MQTT 服务器》
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创建一个 .Net Framework Console 项目,命名为 MQTTSample
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添加 NuGet 包
<package id="MQTTnet" version="4.3.1.873" targetFramework="net48" /> <package id="MQTTnet.Extensions.WebSocket4Net" version="4.3.1.873" targetFramework="net48" />
注:在添加这两个包时,会自动添加其它依赖包
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在 Program.cs 编写 MQTT 通信(重点看注释)
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using MQTTnet; using MQTTnet.Client; using MQTTnet.Packets; using MQTTnet.Protocol; using System.Security.Authentication; using MQTTnet.Formatter; using MQTTnet.Extensions.WebSocket4Net; using System.Threading; namespace MQTTSample { internal class Program { static async Task Main(string[] args) { // 设计两个参数,是为了可以打开两个 CMD 客户端进行测试 if (args[0] == "publish") { Console.WriteLine("Publish message..."); await PublishMessage(); } else { Console.WriteLine("Receive message..."); await SubscribeTopic(); } } // 循环不断地发布消息 private static async Task PublishMessage() { var i = 0; while (i <= 1000) { var mqttFactory = new MqttFactory(); using (var mqttClient = mqttFactory.CreateMqttClient()) { // 1. 连接 MQTT 服务器 var mqttClientOptions = new MqttClientOptionsBuilder() .WithTcpServer("192.168.3.233", 1883) // MQTT 服务器IP+端口 .WithClientId("publish_client") // 客户端名称 //.WithProtocolVersion(MqttProtocolVersion.V500) //.WithCleanSession() .Build(); var response = await mqttClient.ConnectAsync(mqttClientOptions, CancellationToken.None); Console.WriteLine($"The MQTT client is connected. IsConnected: [{mqttClient.IsConnected}]"); Console.WriteLine(response.ResultCode); // 2. 发布消息 // 2.1 在名为 topic2 的主题上发布消息 this is a test message var applicationMessage = new MqttApplicationMessageBuilder() .WithTopic("topic2") .WithPayload("this is a test message") .Build(); // 2.2 异步发布消息 await mqttClient.PublishAsync(applicationMessage, CancellationToken.None); // 3. 断开连接 await mqttClient.DisconnectAsync(); Console.WriteLine("MQTT application message is published."); } i++; Thread.Sleep(1000); } } // 订阅消息 // 订阅一次就可以,不需要循环 // 当订阅的主题有发布消息时,这个程序就可以接收到 private static async Task SubscribeTopic() { var mqttFactory = new MqttFactory(); using (var mqttClient = mqttFactory.CreateMqttClient()) { // 1. 设置连接 MQTT 服务器的属性 var mqttClientOptions = new MqttClientOptionsBuilder() .WithTcpServer("192.168.3.233", 1883) .WithClientId("subscribe_client") //.WithCleanSession() .Build(); // 2. 定义一个事件,当订阅的主题有发布消息时,接收并打印消息 // 2.1 这段代码必须写在连接 MQTT 服务器的代码之前,才能确保可以接收到消息 mqttClient.ApplicationMessageReceivedAsync += e => { Console.WriteLine("Received application message."); Console.WriteLine(e.ApplicationMessage.Topic); Console.WriteLine(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.ApplicationMessage.Payload)); Console.WriteLine("==================="); return Task.CompletedTask; }; // 3. 连接 MQTT 服务器 await mqttClient.ConnectAsync(mqttClientOptions, CancellationToken.None); // 4. 订阅名为 topic2 的主题的消息 var mqttSubscribeOptions = mqttFactory.CreateSubscribeOptionsBuilder() .WithTopicFilter( f => { f.WithTopic("topic2") .WithExactlyOnceQoS(); //即精准一次 }) .Build(); await mqttClient.SubscribeAsync(mqttSubscribeOptions, CancellationToken.None); Console.WriteLine("MQTT client subscribed to topic."); // 5. 离开时才断开连接 Console.WriteLine("Press enter to exit."); Console.ReadLine(); } } } }
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编译并运行测试
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打开一个 CMD 命令窗口,姑且称为 CMD1,定位到
MQTTSample.exe
所有目录,如cd D:\MQTTSample\MQTTSample\bin\Debug
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运行以下命令,运行
MQTT 接收订阅消息客户端
MQTTSample.exe subscribe
注:这个时候,还没有运行
MQTT 发布消息客户端
,MQTT 接收订阅消息客户端
还没有显示接收的消息 -
重新打开一个 CMD 命令窗口,姑且称为 CMD2,定位到
MQTTSample.exe
所有目录 -
运行以下命令,运行
MQTT 发布消息客户端
MQTTSample.exe publish
注:此时,按照程序设定,
MQTT 发布消息客户端
每隔 1 秒不断发布消息:this is a test message -
此时,CMD1 窗口的
MQTT 接收订阅消息客户端
也会不停地显示其接收的消息:this is a test message -
至此,说明此 "MQTT 通信" 程序的两个不同客户端成功利用 MQTT 服务器进行通信
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