C# 完美实现物联网 MQTT 数据通信

iamge

前言

MQTT 协议由于其用极少的代码和有限的带宽,为连接远程设备提供实时可靠的消息服务,具有开销低、占用带宽低、即时通讯等优点,使其在物联网、小型设备、移动应用等方面有较广泛的应用,在工业物联网中,MQTT也有广泛的应用。

Step By Step 步骤

  1. 搭建一个 MQTT 服务器

  2. 创建一个 .Net Framework Console 项目,命名为 MQTTSample

  3. 添加 NuGet 包

    <package id="MQTTnet" version="4.3.1.873" targetFramework="net48" />
    <package id="MQTTnet.Extensions.WebSocket4Net" version="4.3.1.873" targetFramework="net48" />
    

    注:在添加这两个包时,会自动添加其它依赖包

  4. 在 Program.cs 编写 MQTT 通信(重点看注释

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    using MQTTnet;
    using MQTTnet.Client;
    using MQTTnet.Packets;
    using MQTTnet.Protocol;
    using System.Security.Authentication;
    using MQTTnet.Formatter;
    using MQTTnet.Extensions.WebSocket4Net;
    using System.Threading;
    
    namespace MQTTSample
    {
    	internal class Program
    	{
    		static async Task Main(string[] args)
    		{
    			// 设计两个参数,是为了可以打开两个 CMD 客户端进行测试
    			if (args[0] == "publish")
    			{
    				Console.WriteLine("Publish message...");
    				await PublishMessage();
    			}
    			else
    			{
    				Console.WriteLine("Receive message...");
    				await SubscribeTopic();
    			}   
    		}
    
    		// 循环不断地发布消息
    		private static async Task PublishMessage()
    		{
    			var i = 0;
    			while (i <= 1000)
    			{
    				var mqttFactory = new MqttFactory();
    
    				using (var mqttClient = mqttFactory.CreateMqttClient())
    				{
    					// 1. 连接 MQTT 服务器
    					var mqttClientOptions = new MqttClientOptionsBuilder()
    						.WithTcpServer("192.168.3.233", 1883) 	// MQTT 服务器IP+端口
    						.WithClientId("publish_client") 		// 客户端名称
    						//.WithProtocolVersion(MqttProtocolVersion.V500)
    						//.WithCleanSession()
    						.Build();
    
    					var response = await mqttClient.ConnectAsync(mqttClientOptions, CancellationToken.None);
    
    					Console.WriteLine($"The MQTT client is connected. IsConnected: [{mqttClient.IsConnected}]");
    					Console.WriteLine(response.ResultCode);
    
    					// 2. 发布消息
    					// 2.1 在名为 topic2 的主题上发布消息 this is a test message
    					var applicationMessage = new MqttApplicationMessageBuilder()
    						.WithTopic("topic2")
    						.WithPayload("this is a test message")
    						.Build();
    
    					// 2.2 异步发布消息
    					await mqttClient.PublishAsync(applicationMessage, CancellationToken.None);
    
    					// 3. 断开连接
    					await mqttClient.DisconnectAsync();
    
    					Console.WriteLine("MQTT application message is published.");
    				}
    
    				i++;
    				Thread.Sleep(1000);
    			}
    		}
    
    		// 订阅消息
    		// 订阅一次就可以,不需要循环
    		// 当订阅的主题有发布消息时,这个程序就可以接收到
    		private static async Task SubscribeTopic()
    		{
    			var mqttFactory = new MqttFactory();
    
    			using (var mqttClient = mqttFactory.CreateMqttClient())
    			{
    				// 1. 设置连接 MQTT 服务器的属性
    				var mqttClientOptions = new MqttClientOptionsBuilder()
    					.WithTcpServer("192.168.3.233", 1883)
    					.WithClientId("subscribe_client")
    					//.WithCleanSession()
    					.Build();
    
    				// 2. 定义一个事件,当订阅的主题有发布消息时,接收并打印消息
    				// 2.1 这段代码必须写在连接 MQTT 服务器的代码之前,才能确保可以接收到消息
    				mqttClient.ApplicationMessageReceivedAsync += e =>
    				{
    					Console.WriteLine("Received application message.");
    					Console.WriteLine(e.ApplicationMessage.Topic);
    					Console.WriteLine(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.ApplicationMessage.Payload));
    					Console.WriteLine("===================");
    
    					return Task.CompletedTask;
    				};
    				
    				// 3. 连接 MQTT 服务器
    				await mqttClient.ConnectAsync(mqttClientOptions, CancellationToken.None);
    
    
    				// 4. 订阅名为 topic2 的主题的消息
    				var mqttSubscribeOptions = mqttFactory.CreateSubscribeOptionsBuilder()
    				.WithTopicFilter(
    					f =>
    					{
    						f.WithTopic("topic2")       
    						 .WithExactlyOnceQoS();		//即精准一次
    					})
    				.Build();
    
    				await mqttClient.SubscribeAsync(mqttSubscribeOptions, CancellationToken.None);
    
    				Console.WriteLine("MQTT client subscribed to topic.");
    
    				// 5. 离开时才断开连接 
    				Console.WriteLine("Press enter to exit.");
    				Console.ReadLine();
    			}
    
    		}
    	}
    }
    
  5. 编译并运行测试

    1. 打开一个 CMD 命令窗口,姑且称为 CMD1,定位到 MQTTSample.exe 所有目录,如

      cd D:\MQTTSample\MQTTSample\bin\Debug
      
    2. 运行以下命令,运行 MQTT 接收订阅消息客户端

      MQTTSample.exe subscribe
      

      注:这个时候,还没有运行 MQTT 发布消息客户端MQTT 接收订阅消息客户端 还没有显示接收的消息

    3. 重新打开一个 CMD 命令窗口,姑且称为 CMD2,定位到 MQTTSample.exe 所有目录

    4. 运行以下命令,运行 MQTT 发布消息客户端

      MQTTSample.exe publish
      

      注:此时,按照程序设定,MQTT 发布消息客户端 每隔 1 秒不断发布消息:this is a test message

    5. 此时,CMD1 窗口的 MQTT 接收订阅消息客户端 也会不停地显示其接收的消息:this is a test message

    6. 至此,说明此 "MQTT 通信" 程序的两个不同客户端成功利用 MQTT 服务器进行通信

posted @ 2024-01-11 18:36  代码掌控者  阅读(2102)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报