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swift语言之多线程操作和操作队列(下)———坚持51天吃掉大象(写技术文章)

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继续上篇的文章《swift语言之多线程操作和操作队列(上)———坚持51天吃掉大象(写技术文章)》

 

优化我们的程序

目前程序未使用多线程,如果我们仔细分析,会发现有三个耗时的地方,现在我们需要把他们放到其他线程上去,这样主线程就有足够的空间和时间来响应用户操作。 

 

 

根据分析我们可以得知,我们需要一个线程专门响应用户操作,一个线程处理下载数据源和图片,还要一个线程执行添加滤镜操作。

 

我们可以大概的这么去重新构造我的程序设计。我们可以先呈现一个空表格,然后当数据源下载成功后我们刷新表格,刷新表格属于用户操作界面应该放在主线程上。根据数据源内容我们可以知道图片的下载地址,我们最好不要一次性加载所有的图片,这样显然比较耗时,我们只需要知道表中哪些行是用户可以看得到的,然后加载对应行的的图片数据即可,当图片下载完成,程序再呈现图片,再在另外一个线程给图片添加滤镜。这样就完美解决了问题。

 

解决思路可以参看下图表: 

 

我现在只需要重点关注图片处于什么状态,是正在下载还是现在完成,又或者滤镜是否添加?然后给图片添加不同的操作,并且希望用户下拉时,可以取消看不见的表格的相应操作,并开始或恢复用户可见范围的相应操作。因此在这种情况下适合使用NSOperation,而不是GCD。

让我们写代码吧!

首先新建一个swift文件,并命名为PhotoOperations.swift.添加如下代码:

 

import UIKit

 

// This enum contains all the possible states a photo record can be in

enum PhotoRecordState {

  case New, Downloaded, Filtered, Failed

}

 

class PhotoRecord {

  let name:String

  let url:NSURL

  var state = PhotoRecordState.New

  var image = UIImage(named: "Placeholder")

 

  init(name:String, url:NSURL) {

    self.name = name

    self.url = url

  }

}

 

这个类用来实现程序的图片展示,并且包含图片所处的状态,默认为.New,代表是新建状态,并有一个默认占位图片。

 

为了了解图片操作的每个状态,我们需要再创建一个类,名称为 PhotoOperations.swift。添加代码:

 

class PendingOperations {

  lazy var downloadsInProgress = [NSIndexPath:NSOperation]()

  lazy var downloadQueue:NSOperationQueue = {

    var queue = NSOperationQueue()

    queue.name = "Download queue"

    queue.maxConcurrentOperationCount = 1

    return queue

    }()

 

  lazy var filtrationsInProgress = [NSIndexPath:NSOperation]()

  lazy var filtrationQueue:NSOperationQueue = {

    var queue = NSOperationQueue()

    queue.name = "Image Filtration queue"

    queue.maxConcurrentOperationCount = 1

    return queue

    }()

}

 

 

这个类创建了两个字典,用于记录表格的下载和添加滤镜的操作,以及每个操作的队列。

如你看到的那样,创建队列非常简单。为了调试能查看到队列,最好给队列命名。代码将queue.maxConcurrentOperationCount命名为1,是为让你更直观的看到操作是一个一个执行的。一般我们不需要设置此属性,而交给系统自己决定。系统会根据硬件状态,已经资源占用情况,然后决定给程序多少个线程。

现在添加下载和添加滤镜操作,添加如下代码:

 

class ImageDownloader: NSOperation {

  //图片类对象

  let photoRecord: PhotoRecord

 

  //2初始化

  init(photoRecord: PhotoRecord) {

    self.photoRecord = photoRecord

  }

 

  //3重写main方法,执行任务的方法

  override func main() {

    //4如果取消操作则不执行

    if self.cancelled {

      return

    }

    //5下载图片数据

    let imageData = NSData(contentsOfURL:self.photoRecord.url)

 

    //6再次检查是否取消操作

    if self.cancelled {

      return

    }

 

    //7如果获取到了数据,就添加到图片记录中,并将记录标记为.Downloaded,如果没有图片数据就标记为.Failed

    if imageData?.length > 0 {

      self.photoRecord.image = UIImage(data:imageData!)

      self.photoRecord.state = .Downloaded

    }

    else

    {

      self.photoRecord.state = .Failed

      self.photoRecord.image = UIImage(named: "Failed")

    }

  }

}

 

 

NSOperation是一个抽象类,需要继承才能使用,每个子类代表一个具体的任务。

我们继续创建另外一个操作

 

class ImageFiltration: NSOperation {

  let photoRecord: PhotoRecord

 

  init(photoRecord: PhotoRecord) {

    self.photoRecord = photoRecord

  }

 

  override func main () {

    if self.cancelled {

      return

    }

 

    if self.photoRecord.state != .Downloaded {

      return

    }

 

    if let filteredImage = self.applySepiaFilter(self.photoRecord.image!) {

      self.photoRecord.image = filteredImage

      self.photoRecord.state = .Filtered

    }

  }

}

 

给ImageFiltration类添加一个应用滤镜的方法:

 

func applySepiaFilter(image:UIImage) -> UIImage? {

  let inputImage = CIImage(data:UIImagePNGRepresentation(image))

 

  if self.cancelled {

    return nil

  }

  let context = CIContext(options:nil)

  let filter = CIFilter(name:"CISepiaTone")

  filter.setValue(inputImage, forKey: kCIInputImageKey)

  filter.setValue(0.8, forKey: "inputIntensity")

  let outputImage = filter.outputImage

 

  if self.cancelled {

    return nil

  }

 

  let outImage = context.createCGImage(outputImage, fromRect: outputImage.extent())

  let returnImage = UIImage(CGImage: outImage)

  return returnImage

}

 

 

 

这个方法和在 ListViewController一样,放在这里,就是把把它添加到操作里,方便调用。

 

到此我们创建好工具类了,现在我们开始修改ListViewController.swift。删除lazy var photos属性声明,取而代之添加如下代码:

//保存图片信息数组

var photos = [PhotoRecord]()

//管理状态操作

let pendingOperations = PendingOperations()

 

给该类添加一个方法:

 

 func fetchPhotoDetails() {

        let request = NSURLRequest(URL:dataSourceURL!)

        UIApplication.sharedApplication().networkActivityIndicatorVisible = true

        

        NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request, queue: NSOperationQueue.mainQueue()) {response,data,error in

            if data != nil {

                

                do {

                    let datasourceDictionary = try NSPropertyListSerialization.propertyListWithData(data!, options: NSPropertyListMutabilityOptions.Immutable, format: nil) as! NSDictionary

                    

                    for(key,value) in datasourceDictionary {

                        let name = key as? String

                        let url = NSURL(string:value as? String ?? "")

                        if name != nil && url != nil {

                            let photoRecord = PhotoRecord(name:name!, url:url!)

                            self.photos.append(photoRecord)

                        }

                    }

                    self.tableView.reloadData()

                    

                } catch{

                    print(error)

                }

                

            }

            

            if error != nil {

                let alert = UIAlertView(title:"Oops!",message:error!.localizedDescription, delegate:nil, cancelButtonTitle:"OK")

                alert.show()

            }

            UIApplication.sharedApplication().networkActivityIndicatorVisible = false

        }

    }

 

 

 

在viewDidLoad方法中调用这个方法。

fetchPhotoDetails()

 

 

修改 tableView(_:cellForRowAtIndexPath:)的内容,改成如下代码:

 

override func tableView(tableView: UITableView, cellForRowAtIndexPath indexPath: NSIndexPath) -> UITableViewCell {

  let cell = tableView.dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier("CellIdentifier", forIndexPath: indexPath) as! UITableViewCell

 

  //1

  if cell.accessoryView == nil {

    let indicator = UIActivityIndicatorView(activityIndicatorStyle: .Gray)

    cell.accessoryView = indicator

  }

  let indicator = cell.accessoryView as! UIActivityIndicatorView

 

  //2

  let photoDetails = photos[indexPath.row]

 

  //3

  cell.textLabel?.text = photoDetails.name

  cell.imageView?.image = photoDetails.image

 

  //4

  switch (photoDetails.state){

  case .Filtered:

    indicator.stopAnimating()

  case .Failed:

    indicator.stopAnimating()

    cell.textLabel?.text = "Failed to load"

  case .New, .Downloaded:

    indicator.startAnimating()

    self.startOperationsForPhotoRecord(photoDetails,indexPath:indexPath)

  }

 

  return cell

}

 

 

 

移除applySepiaFilter方法,替换如下方法:

func startOperationsForPhotoRecord(photoDetails: PhotoRecord, indexPath: NSIndexPath){

  switch (photoDetails.state) {

  case .New:

    startDownloadForRecord(photoDetails, indexPath: indexPath)

  case .Downloaded:

    startFiltrationForRecord(photoDetails, indexPath: indexPath)

  default:

    NSLog("do nothing")

  }

}

 

 

继续添加如下方法:

fun startDownloadForRecord(photoDetails: PhotoRecord, indexPath: NSIndexPath){

  //1

  if let downloadOperation = pendingOperations.downloadsInProgress[indexPath] {

    return

  }

 

  //2

  let downloader = ImageDownloader(photoRecord: photoDetails)

  //3

  downloader.completionBlock = {

    if downloader.cancelled {

      return

    }

    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), {

      self.pendingOperations.downloadsInProgress.removeValueForKey(indexPath)

      self.tableView.reloadRowsAtIndexPaths([indexPath], withRowAnimation: .Fade)

    })

  }

  //4

  pendingOperations.downloadsInProgress[indexPath] = downloader

  //5

  pendingOperations.downloadQueue.addOperation(downloader)

}

 

func startFiltrationForRecord(photoDetails: PhotoRecord, indexPath: NSIndexPath){

  if let filterOperation = pendingOperations.filtrationsInProgress[indexPath]{

    return

  }

 

  let filterer = ImageFiltration(photoRecord: photoDetails)

  filterer.completionBlock = {

    if filterer.cancelled {

      return

    }

    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), {

      self.pendingOperations.filtrationsInProgress.removeValueForKey(indexPath)

      self.tableView.reloadRowsAtIndexPaths([indexPath], withRowAnimation: .Fade)

      })

  }

  pendingOperations.filtrationsInProgress[indexPath] = filterer

  pendingOperations.filtrationQueue.addOperation(filterer)

}

 

 

我们的重构基本完成,我们运行下看看,会看到如下效果图:

 

 

  

 

注意到了木有,奇迹发生了,图片只在可见的时候才会加载和添加滤镜。并且不会再卡了有木有。

 

继续调优

如果你向下滑动表格,那些从屏幕消失的图片仍在下载或添加滤镜,如果滑动快速的话,程序就会忙着加载图片和添加滤镜了,并占用贷款,影响看见cell的下载了。因此最理想的状态,就是当Cell行消失时,我们停止下载,从而优先下载可见的cell。

 

回到Xcode,修改ListViewController.swift文件,然后找到tableView(_:cellForRowAtIndexPath:)方法,给 self.startOperationsForPhotoRecord(photoDetails, indexPath: indexPath)添加判断:

 

if (!tableView.dragging && !tableView.decelerating) {

  self.startOperationsForPhotoRecord(photoDetails, indexPath: indexPath)

}

 

 

再继续添加如下内容:

override func scrollViewWillBeginDragging(scrollView: UIScrollView) {

  //1

  suspendAllOperations()

}

 

override func scrollViewDidEndDragging(scrollView: UIScrollView, willDecelerate decelerate: Bool) {

  // 2

  if !decelerate {

    loadImagesForOnscreenCells()

    resumeAllOperations()

  }

}

 

override func scrollViewDidEndDecelerating(scrollView: UIScrollView) {

  // 3

  loadImagesForOnscreenCells()

  resumeAllOperations()

}

 

 

func suspendAllOperations () {

  pendingOperations.downloadQueue.suspended = true

  pendingOperations.filtrationQueue.suspended = true

}

 

func resumeAllOperations () {

  pendingOperations.downloadQueue.suspended = false

  pendingOperations.filtrationQueue.suspended = false

}

 

func loadImagesForOnscreenCells () {

  //1

  if let pathsArray = tableView.indexPathsForVisibleRows() {

    //2

    var allPendingOperations = Set(pendingOperations.downloadsInProgress.keys.array)

    allPendingOperations.unionInPlace(pendingOperations.filtrationsInProgress.keys.array)

 

    //3

    var toBeCancelled = allPendingOperations

    let visiblePaths = Set(pathsArray as! [NSIndexPath])

    toBeCancelled.subtractInPlace(visiblePaths)

 

    //4

    var toBeStarted = visiblePaths

    toBeStarted.subtractInPlace(allPendingOperations)

 

    // 5

    for indexPath in toBeCancelled {

      if let pendingDownload = pendingOperations.downloadsInProgress[indexPath] {

        pendingDownload.cancel()

      }

      pendingOperations.downloadsInProgress.removeValueForKey(indexPath)

      if let pendingFiltration = pendingOperations.filtrationsInProgress[indexPath] {

        pendingFiltration.cancel()

      }

      pendingOperations.filtrationsInProgress.removeValueForKey(indexPath)

    }

 

    // 6

    for indexPath in toBeStarted {

      let indexPath = indexPath as NSIndexPath

      let recordToProcess = self.photos[indexPath.row]

      startOperationsForPhotoRecord(recordToProcess, indexPath: indexPath)

    }

  }

}

 

 

 

这已经是最后一步了,恭喜你,也辛苦你了,不过这是值得的,现在你运行看看,一个响应用户及时,并且资源管理合理的程序就在你手上诞生了。注意一下当你滚动表格结束,可见的表格行将马上开始处理操作。 

 

 

posted on 2015-11-16 16:35  华过的痕迹  阅读(563)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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